Thank You!
Ebook PDF has been sent to your Email ID successfully
Get education, career guidance; live webinars; learning resources and more
Subscribe NowLatest Update for SAAT
SAAT 2022 phase 2 result has been announced.
SAAT 2022 application window for phase 3 has been made available.
SAAT 2022 result for phase 1 to be out soon.
Stay up-to date with SAAT News
Get UpdatesSAAT 2024 - Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan will release SAAT 2024 admit card soon in online mode. Candiates can download SAAT admit card 2024 by entering their login details at admission.soa.ac.in. The SAAT 2024 exam is being held from April 20 to 28. The university has closed the SAAT 2024 application form on April 16. The SAAT application form 2024 was released on December 31, 2023. The SAAT stands for Siksha "O" Anusandhan Admission Test.
New: SAAT application form 2024 link
Latest: Top engineering entrance exams preparation
Also See: JEE Main previous 10 year's papers
Also Check : Save up to ₹2000 on TOEFL, GRE & PTE
Candidates can fill out the application form of SAAT exam 2024 by visiting the official website - admission.soa.ac.in. Candidates are advised to check the SAAT eligibility criteria 2024 before applying for the SAAT entrance exam 2024. The SAAT admission is also conducted based on other SAAT equivalent exams such as JEE main/ CLAT/ NEET/ GATE/ CAT/ GPAT/ XAT/ MAT, etc. The SAAT admit card will be issued in online mode at the official website.
The result of SAAT 2024 exam will be published after the completion of the exams. The Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan conducts the SAAT entrance examination every year for admission to a number of undergraduate programmes such as B.Tech/ B.Pharm/ B.Sc/ LLB/ BCA/ BBA and postgraduate programmes such as MCA/ MBA/ M.Pharm/ M.Tech/ M.Sc, etc. Candidates are advised to go through the entire article to learn more about the eligibility criteria, exam pattern, application process, admit card, result and other important information regarding the SAAT 2024 entrance exam.
The Siksha "O" Anusandhan Admission Test is a University level entrance exam which is conducted every year by the Siksha "O" Anusandhan University for admission to a number of undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. Candidates can apply to a number of courses in the fields of Engineering, Law, Pharmacy, Agriculture, Nursing, Hotel Management, etc through the SAAT entrance test. The SAAT exam 2024 consists of MCQ questions and it is conducted in online mode.
| Full Exam Name | Siksha O Anusandhan University Admission Test |
| Short Exam Name | SAAT |
| Conducting Body | Siksha O Anusandhan University |
| Exam Level | University Level Exam |
| Languages | English |
| Mode of Application | Online |
| Mode of Exam | Online and Offline |
| Mode of Counselling | Offline |
| Participating Colleges | 5 |
| SAAT B.Tech - Duration | 2 Hours +4 More |
Past Dates and Events
28 Apr, 2024
Exam - Phase - 1 | Mode: Offline and Online
27 Apr, 2024
Exam - Phase - 1 | Mode: Offline and Online
24 Apr, 2024
Exam - Phase - 1 | Mode: Offline and Online
20 Apr, 2024
Exam - Phase - 1 | Mode: Offline and Online
31 Dec, 2023 - 16 Apr, 2024
Application - Phase - 1 | Mode: Online
SAAT B.Tech eligibility criteria includes the exam which you have qualified, the subjects which they need to have in their 10+2 and the marks which they have to score in the qualifying exam.
SAAT B.Tech 2024 Eligibility Criteria
| S. No. | Particular | Details |
1. | Subject Combination | It is mandatory for candidates to have Physics and Chemistry in 10+2 Candidates can also have any one of the following subjects:
|
2. | Qualifying Exam | Candidate should have passed 10+2 or equivalent exam Candidates who for appearing in the final exam of 10+2 will also be eligible to appear in SAAT B.Tech 2019 |
3. | Minimum marks required in the qualifying exam | Candidates belonging to the general category will have to score at least 45% marks in the subjects that are mentioned above. Candidates belonging to the reserved candidate, they have to score at least 40% marks. The reserved category comprises of ST,SC,OBC |
In order to be eligible to appear in the SAAT BBA entrance exam, candidates should have passed Class XII in any stream or they should be appearing for their Class XII exam in 2024.
Only candidates who have cleared Class 12 or will be appearing for their 10+2 exam in 2024 are eligible to take the entrance test. Those who belong to the general category should score at least 45% aggregate marks in any Class 12 stream. Those who belong to SC or ST categories have to score at least 40% marks and OBC category candidates have to score 42%.
According to the SAAT BCA 2024 eligibility criteria, candidate should have passed Class XII in any stream with Mathematics as a compulsory subject.
Candidates belonging to the general category will have to score at least 45% marks in 10+2 in any discipline.
Candidates belonging to the reserved category will be eligible to appear for BHMCT eligibility criteria 2024. They must, however, score art least 40% marks in their Class XII
Candidates should have passed or appeared in the Class XII Exam from the board or the university which is accorded recognition the Association of Indian Universities (AIU). It is compulsory for candidates to have English in +12.
Candidates must have any one of the following subjects in 10+2:
Physics, Chemistry or Maths (PCM)
Physics, Chemistry or Biology
Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Biology
Before candidates sit down to fill the application form, they are advised to check out the SAAT eligibility criteria 2024 set down by the university. Only those candidates who fulfill the SAAT 2024 eligibility criteria can fill the application form. If a candidate fails to satisfy the eligibility criteria of SAAT 2024 then their application will be rejected by the university.
The SAAT eligibility criteria 2024 is the minimum requirement that a candidate must meet to be eligible for admission to the various UG and PG courses offered at Siksha O Anusandhan University. The SAAT 2024 eligibility criteria differs for candidates depending upon their category. Check out the SAAT eligibility criteria 2024 in the table given below.
SAAT Eligibility Criteria 2024
| S. No | Category | Minimum Qualifying marks |
1. | General | 50% in PCB/PCM |
2. | OBC | 50% in PCB/PCM |
3. | SC | 40% in PCB/PCM |
4. | ST | 40% in PCB/PCM |
5. | PH | 40% in PCB/PCM |
Note: As per the SAAT B.Sc 2024 eligibility criteria, the lower age limit of candidates must be at least 17 years as on December 31, 2023.
As part of the eligibility criteria of SAAT M.Tech, candidates belonging to the general category should have either completed their B.Tech or are in their final year. They must also score at least 50% marks, while those who are in the reserved category, they have to score at least 45 % marks. SAAT MTech Eligibility Criteria 2024
S. No. | Name of the M.Tech Programme | Eligibility Criteria |
1 | M.Tech in VLSI Designing and Embedded System M.Tech in Microelectronics M.Tech in Digital Signal & Image Processing M.Tech in Communication System Engineering | Pass or appearing in B.Tech or equivalent exam or M.Sc (Electronics) |
2 | M.Tech in Structural Engineering M.Tech in Geotechnical Engineering | Pass or appearing in B.Tech or equivalent exam |
3 | M.Tech in Computer Science & Data Processing | B.Tech or equivalent exam Pass or appearing (2018) in MCA M.Sc. (Mathematics) |
4 | M.Tech in Power Electronics & Drives M.Tech in Energy Technology & Management M.Tech in Renewable Energy Engineering & Management M.Tech in Power Systems & Power Electronics. | Pass or appearing in B.Tech or equivalent exam |
5 | M.Tech in Computer Science & Engineering M.Tech in Computer Science & Informatics. | Pass or appearing in B.Tech or equivalent exam
|
6 | M.Tech in Thermal Science & Heat Power Engineering M.Tech in Manufacturing Sciences & Engineering M.Tech in Mechanical System Design | Pass or appearing in B.Tech or equivalent exam |
7 | M.Tech in Environmental Science & Technology | B.Tech (Environmental) Chemical/Civil/Mechanical/Metallurgy) or M.Sc. (Environmental Science/Chemistry/Biotechnology/Geology/Life Sciences/Botany/Zoology) |
8 | M.Tech Material Science & Technology | M.Sc (Physics) M.Sc (Chemistry) B.Tech (Electronics & Communication Engg.) B.Tech (Electrical Engg.) |
9 | M.Tech in Biotechnology | B.Tech/BE in Biotechnology or related fields/M.Sc in Physics, Chemistry, Biotechnology, Life Science or equivalent/MBBS/B.Pharm/B.V.Sc with Biology |
GATE qualified candidates are not required to appear in the entrance exam.
Mode of Application : Online
Mode of Payment : Other
Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University started the SAAT application process 2024 on December 31, 2023 on the official website - admission.soa.ac.in. Aspiring candidates could fill and submit the application form for SAAT 2024 till the deadline, April 16. Only those candidates who meet the SAAT exam eligibility criteria could fill the SAAT application form 2024. The first step of SAAT 2024 application process is the registration process. Once candidates have completed the registration process, they can fill the SAAT application form 2024 by entering their academic details, personal details and other necessary information related to exam.
Candidates can fill and submit the SAAT 2024 application form till the submission deadline. Furthermore, candidates also have to upload the scanned copy of the necessary documents. After candidates have filled and submitted the SAAT application form 2024, a confirmation mail will be sent on their registered email ID regarding the submission of their application form. Before submitting the application form, candidates have to check the Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University Admission Test (SAAT) registration details completely. For more information regarding the application process of SAAT 2024 read the following article.
S. No. | Document | Size of the file | Format |
1. | Scanned Photograph | Less than 1 MB | PNG, JPG, JPEG |
2. | Scanned Image | Less than 1 MB | PNG, JPG, JPEG |
Follow the steps given below to fill the SAAT application form 2024:
Step 1 - Visit the official website for registration.
Steps 2 - Enter your name, valid email ID and mobile number to register yourself.
Step 3 - Candidates will receive a One Time Password (OTP) at the registered mobile number. They have to enter the aforementioned OTP in an online portal for verification and a login ID will be created.
Step 4 - Now, candidates have to login using their registered email ID to fill the SAAT application form 2024.
Step 5 - To Fill the SAAT 2024 application form, candidates have to enter their personal details, academic details and upload necessary documents.
Step 6 - Candidates can submit the SAAT application form 2024 once they have filled it completely and correctly.
Step 7 - Download and print the SAAT application form 2024.
Step 8 - After submitting the application form, candidates will receive an email regarding the submission of the SAAT exam form.
Candidates aspiring to take admission SOA University through the SAAT entrance exam must be aware that SAAT 2024 application is free for everyone, candidates are not required to pay any registration fees for SAAT 2024.
Physics and measurement |
|---|
| Physics, technology, and society, SI units, fundamental, and derived units |
| Least count, accuracy and precision of measuring instruments, errors in measurement, dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications |
Kinematics |
|---|
| Frame of reference |
| Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed, and velocity |
| Uniform and nonuniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated motion |
| Scalars and vectors, vector addition and subtraction, zero vector, scalar and vector products, unit vector, resolution of a vector |
| Relative velocity, motion in a plane, projectile motion, uniform circular motion |
Law of motions |
|---|
| Force and inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum, Newton's second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion |
| Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, equilibrium of concurrent forces |
| Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction |
| Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications |
Work, energy, and power |
|---|
| Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work energy theorem, power |
| Potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative, and nonconservative forces; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions |
Rotational motion |
|---|
| Centre of mass of a two-particle system, centre of mass of a rigid body; basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications; moment of inertia, radius of gyration |
| Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications |
| Rigid body rotation, equations of rotational motion |
Gravitation |
|---|
| The universal law of gravitation |
| Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth |
| Kepler's laws of planetary motion |
| Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential |
| Escape velocity |
| Orbital velocity of a satellite |
| Geostationary satellites |
Properties of solid and liquids |
|---|
| Elastic behaviour, stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity |
| Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications |
| Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynolds number |
| Bernoulli's principle and its applications |
| Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension-drops, bubbles and capillary rise |
| Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat |
| Heat transfer conduction, convection, and radiation, Newton's law of cooling |
Thermodynamics |
|---|
| Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature |
| Heat, work, and internal energy |
| First law of thermodynamics |
| Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes |
| Carnot engine and its efficiency |
Kinetic theory of gases |
|---|
| Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas |
| Kinetic theory of gases-assumptions, concept of pressure |
| Kinetic energy and temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equi partition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases; mean free path, Avogadro's number |
Oscillations and waves |
|---|
| Periodic motion-period, frequency, displacement as a function of time |
| Periodic functions |
| Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring-restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M.-kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum-derivation of expression for its time period |
| Free, forced, and damped oscillations, resonance |
| Wave motion |
| Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave |
| Displacement relation for a progressive wave |
| Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, beats, Doppler effect in sound |
Electrostatics |
|---|
| Electric charges: Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-forces between two-point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution |
| Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field |
| Electric flux, Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell |
| Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two-point charges in an electrostatic field |
| Conductors and insulators, dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor |
Current electricity |
|---|
| Electric current, drift velocity, Ohm's law, electrical resistance, resistances of different materials, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non Ohmic conductors, electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity, colour code for resistors |
| Series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance |
| Electric cell and its internal resistance, potential difference and EMF of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel |
| Kirchhoff's laws and their applications |
| Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge |
| Potentiometer-principle and its applications |
Magnetic effects of current and magnetism |
|---|
| Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop |
| Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid |
| Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields |
| Cyclotron |
| Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field |
| Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere |
| Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter |
| Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment |
| Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements |
| Para-,dia-,and ferro-magnetic substances |
| Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, hysteresis, electromagnets and permanent magnets |
Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents |
|---|
| Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced EMF and current; Lenz’s Law, eddy currents |
| Self and mutual inductance |
| Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit, resonance; quality factor, power in AC circuits, wattless current |
| AC generator and transformer |
Electromagnetic waves |
|---|
| Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics |
| Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves |
| Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) |
| Applications of E.M. waves |
| Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, total internal reflection and its applications, deviation and dispersion of light by a prism, lens formula, magnification, power of a lens |
| Combination of thin lenses in contact, microscope and astronomical telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers |
| Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens' principle, laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen's principle |
| Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width |
| Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum |
| Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster's law, uses of plane polarized light and polaroids |
Dual nature of matter and radiation |
|---|
| Dual nature of radiation |
| Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation; particle nature of light |
| Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation |
| Davisson-Germer experiment |
Atoms and nuclei |
|---|
| Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum |
| Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones |
| Radioactivity-alpha, beta, and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law |
| Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion |
Electronic devices |
|---|
| Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator |
| Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator |
| Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR) |
| Transistor as a switch |
Communication systems |
|---|
| Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; sky and space wave propagation, need for modulation, amplitude and frequency modulation, bandwidth of signals, bandwidth of transmission medium |
| Basic elements of a communication system (block diagram only) |
Physical chemistry-Some basic concept of chemistry |
|---|
| Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory; concept of atom, molecule, element and compound; physical quantities and their measurements in chemistry, precision and accuracy, significant figures, S.I. units, dimensional analysis |
| Laws of chemical combination; atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae, chemical equations and stoichiometry |
Physical chemistry-States of matter |
|---|
| Classification of matter into solid, liquid, and gaseous states |
| Gaseous state: Measurable properties of gases; Gas laws-Boyle's law, Charle's law, Graham's law of diffusion, Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure; concept of absolute scale of temperature; ideal gas equation |
| Gaseous state: Kinetic theory of gases (only postulates); concept of average, root mean square and most probable velocities; real gases, deviation from ideal behaviour, compressibility factor and Van der Waals equation |
| Liquid State: Properties of liquids-vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension and effect of temperature on them (qualitative treatment only) |
| Solid state: Classification of solids-molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea); Bragg's law and its applications; unit cell and lattices, packing in solids (fcc, bcc, and hcp lattices), voids |
| Solid state: Calculations involving unit cell parameters, imperfection in solids; electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties |
Physical chemistry-Atomic structure |
|---|
| Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations; nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; spectrum of hydrogen atom, Bohr model of hydrogen atom-its postulates |
| Derivation of the relations for energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model; dual nature of matter, De-Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle |
| Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model of atom, its important features, concept of atomic orbitals as one electron wave functions; variation of and 2 with r for 1s and 2s orbitals |
| Various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance, shapes of s, p, and d-orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number; rules for filling electrons in orbitals-Aufbau principle |
| Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals |
Physical chemistry-Chemical bonding and molecular structure |
|---|
| Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, concept of ionic and covalent bonds |
| Ionic bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy |
| Covalent bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajan's rule, dipole moment; valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules |
| Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory-its important features, concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals; resonance |
| Molecular orbital theory-its important features, LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, concept of bond order |
| Molecular orbital theory-bond length and bond energy |
| Elementary idea of metallic bonding |
| Hydrogen bonding and its applications |
Physical chemistry-Chemical thermodynamics |
|---|
| Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes |
| First law of thermodynamics-concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess's law of constant heat summation; enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition |
| First law of thermodynamics-hydration, ionization and solution |
| Second law of thermodynamics; spontaneity of processes; S of the universe and G of the system as criteria for spontaneity, G0 (standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant |
Physical chemistry-Solutions |
|---|
| Different methods for expressing concentration of solution-molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult’s law-Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure-composition |
| Plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions; colligative properties of dilute solutions-relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure |
| Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; abnormal value of molar mass, Van't Hoff factor and its significance |
Physical chemistry-Equilibrium |
|---|
| Meaning of equilibrium, concept of dynamic equilibrium |
| Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid-gas, and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law, general characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes |
| Equilibria involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, significance of G and G0 in chemical equilibria, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature |
| Equilibria involving chemical processes: Effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier's principle |
| Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis) and their ionization, acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants |
| Ionic equilibrium: Ionization of water, pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, solubility of sparingly, soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions |
Physical chemistry-Redox reaction and electrochemistry |
|---|
| Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions |
| Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch's law and its applications |
| Electrochemical cells-electrolytic and galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions, EMF of a galvanic cell and its measurement |
| Nernst equation and its applications; relationship between cell potential and Gibbs energy change; dry cell and lead accumulator; fuel cells |
Physical chemistry-chemical kinetics |
|---|
| Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: Concentration, temperature, pressure and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units |
| Differential and integral forms of zero and first order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, effect of temperature on rate of reactions-Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation |
| Collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation) |
Physical chemistry-Surface chemistry |
|---|
| Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids-Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solutions |
| Colloidal state-distinction among true solutions, colloids and suspensions, classification of colloids-lyophilic, lyophobic; multi molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles), preparation and properties of colloids-Tyndall effect |
| Brownian movement, electrophoresis, dialysis, coagulation and flocculation; emulsions and their characteristics |
Inorganic chemistry-Classification of elements and periodicity in properties |
|---|
| Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d, and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and chemical reactivity |
Inorganic chemistry-General principles and processes of isolation of metals |
|---|
| Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ores; steps involved in the extraction of metals-concentration, reduction (chemical and electrolytic methods) and refining with special reference to the extraction of Al, Cu, Zn, and Fe |
| Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of metals |
Inorganic chemistry-Hydrogen |
|---|
| Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties, and uses of hydrogen; physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; structure, preparation, reactions, and uses of hydrogen peroxide; hydrogen as a fuel |
Inorganic chemistry-s-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals) |
|---|
| Group-1 and 2 elements general introduction, electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationships |
| Preparation and properties of some important compounds-sodium carbonate and sodium; industrial uses of lime, limestone, plaster of Paris and cement; biological significance of Na, K, Mg, and Ca |
Inorganic chemistry-p-block elements |
|---|
| Group-13 to Group 18 elements general introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements group-13: Preparation, properties, and uses of boron and aluminium; properties of boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminium chloride, and alums |
| Group-14: Allotropes of carbon, tendency for catenation; structure and properties of silicates, and zeolites |
| Group-15: Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; allotrophic forms of phosphorus; preparation, properties, structure, and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and phosphorus halides, (PCl3, PCl5) |
| Group-15: Structures of oxides and oxoacids of phosphorus |
| Group-16: Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of ozone; allotropic forms of sulphur; preparation, properties, structures, and uses of sulphuric acid (including its industrial preparation); structures of oxoacids of sulphur |
| Group-17: Preparation, properties, and uses of hydrochloric acid; trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; structures of interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens |
| Group-18: Occurrence and uses of noble gases; structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon |
Inorganic chemistry-d-and f-block elements |
|---|
| Transition elements general introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics |
| General trends in properties of the first row transition elements-physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation |
| Preparation, properties, and uses of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4, inner transition elements lanthanoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction |
| Actinoids-electronic configuration and oxidation states |
Inorganic chemistry-Coordination compounds |
|---|
| Introduction to coordination compounds, Werner's theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism; bonding-valence bond approach and basic ideas of crystal field theory |
| Colour and magnetic properties; importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems) |
Inorganic chemistry-Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Environmental pollution-atmospheric, water, and soil |
| Atmospheric pollution-tropospheric and stratospheric, tropospheric pollutants-gaseous pollutants: Oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, hydrocarbons; their sources, harmful effects and prevention; green house effect and global warming; acid rain |
| Particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust, smog, fumes, mist; their sources, harmful effects, and prevention |
| Stratospheric pollution-formation and breakdown of ozone, depletion of ozone layer-its mechanism and effects |
| Water pollution-major pollutants such as, pathogens, organic wastes and chemical pollutants; their harmful effects and prevention |
| Soil pollution-major pollutants such as: Pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides), their harmful effects and prevention |
| Strategies to control environmental pollution |
Organic chemistry-Purification and characterisation of organic compounds |
|---|
| Purification-crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography-principles and their applications |
| Qualitative analysis-detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens |
| Quantitative analysis (basic principles only)-estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus |
| Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae; numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis |
Organic chemistry-Some basic principles of organic chemistry |
|---|
| Tetravalency of carbon; shapes of simple molecules-hybridization (s and p); classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: – C = C – , – C h C – and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur; homologous series |
| Isomerism-structural and stereoisomerism |
| Nomenclature (trivial and IUPAC), covalent bond fission-homolytic and heterolytic: Free radicals, carbocations and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles |
| Electronic displacement in a covalent bond-inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation |
| Common types of organic reactions: Substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement |
Organic chemistry-Hydrocarbons |
|---|
| Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions |
| Alkanes-conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); mechanism of halogenation of alkanes |
| Alkenes-geometrical isomerism; mechanism of electrophilic addition: Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff's and peroxide effect); ozonolysis and polymerization |
| Alkynes-acidic character; addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides; polymerization |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons-nomenclature, benzene-structure and aromaticity; mechanism of electrophilic substitution: Halogenation, nitration, Friedel-Craft’s alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene |
Organic chemistry-Organic compounds containing halogens |
|---|
| General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions; nature of C-X bond; mechanisms of substitution reactions |
| Uses; environmental effects of chloroform and iodoform |
Organic chemistry-Organic compounds containing oxygen |
|---|
| General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Alcohols-identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration. Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: Halogenation, nitration and sulphonation, Reimer-Tiemann reaction |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Ethers-structure. Aldehyde and ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Aldehyde and ketones-important reactions such as-nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3 and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation; reduction (Wolff Kishner and Clemmensen); acidity of hydrogen |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Aldehyde and ketones-aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, haloform reaction; chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones |
| Carboxylic acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it |
Organic chemistry-Organic compounds containing nitrogen |
|---|
| General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses |
| Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character |
| Diazonium salts: importance in synthetic organic chemistry |
Organic chemistry-Polymers |
|---|
| General introduction and classification of polymers, general methods of polymerization-addition and condensation, copolymerization; natural and synthetic rubber and vulcanization |
| Some important polymers with emphasis on their monomers and uses-polythene, nylon, polyester, and Bakelite |
Organic chemistry-Biomolecules |
|---|
| General introduction and importance of biomolecules |
| Carbohydrates-classification: Aldoses and ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosacchorides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose) |
| Proteins-elementary idea of-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides; proteins: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes |
| Vitamins-classification and functions |
| Nucleic acids-chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. Biological functions of nucleic acids |
Organic chemistry-Chemistry in everyday life |
|---|
| Chemicals in medicines-analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamins-their meaning and common examples |
| Chemicals in food-preservatives, artificial sweetening agents-common examples |
| Cleansing agents-soaps and detergents, cleansing action |
Sets, relations, and functions |
|---|
| Sets and their representation; union, intersection and complement of sets and their algebraic properties; power set; relation, types of relations, equivalence relations functions; one-one, into and onto functions, composition of functions |
Complex number and quadratic equations |
|---|
| Complex numbers as ordered pair of reals, representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib and their representation in a plane, Argand diagram, algebra of complex numbers, modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number |
| Square root of a complex number, triangle inequality, quadratic equations in real and complex number system and their solutions |
| Relation between roots and coefficients, nature of roots, formation of quadratic equations with given roots |
Matrices and determinant |
|---|
| Matrices, algebra of matrices, types of matrices, determinants and matrices of order two and three |
| Properties of determinants, evaluation of determinants, area of triangles using determinants |
| Adjoint and evaluation of inverse of a square matrix using determinants and elementary transformations, test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using determinants and matrices |
Permutations and combinations |
|---|
| Fundamental principle of counting, permutation as an arrangement and combination as selection, meaning of P (n,r) and C (n,r), simple applications |
Mathematical induction |
|---|
| Principle of mathematical induction and its simple applications |
Binomial theorem and its simple application |
|---|
| Binomial theorem for positive integral index, general term and middle term, properties of binomial coefficients and simple applications |
Sequences and series |
|---|
| Arithmetic and geometric progressions, insertion of arithmetic, geometric means between two given numbers |
| Relation between a.m. and g.m |
| Sum upto n terms of special series: Sn, Sn2, Sn3 |
| Arithmetico-Geometric progression |
Limit, continuity, and differentiability |
|---|
| Real-valued functions, algebra of functions, polynomials, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions, inverse functions |
| Graphs of simple functions |
| Differentiation of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions |
| Differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite and implicit functions; derivatives of order upto two |
| Rolle's and Lagrange's mean value theorems |
| Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of quantities, monotonic-increasing and decreasing functions, maxima and minima of functions of one variable, tangents and normals |
Integral calculus |
|---|
| Integral as an anti-derivative |
| Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions |
| Integration by substitution, by parts, and by partial fractions |
| Integration using trigonometric identities |
| Integral as limit of a sum |
| Fundamental theorem of calculus |
| Properties of definite integrals |
| Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves in standard form |
Differential equations |
|---|
| Ordinary differential equations, their order and degree |
| Formation of differential equations |
| Solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables, solution of homogeneous and linear differential equations of the type: dy/dx+p(x)y=q(x) |
Coordinate geometry |
|---|
| Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in a plane, distance formula, section formula, locus and its equation, translation of axes, slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the coordinate axes |
| Straight lines various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines, distance of a point from a line, equations of internal and external bisectors of angles between two lines |
| Coordinates of centroid, orthocentre and circumcentre of a triangle, equation of family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines |
| Circles, conic sections standard form of equation of a circle, general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and centre, equation of a circle when the end points of a diameter are given |
| Points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and condition for a line to be tangent to a circle, equation of the tangent |
| Sections of cones, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola) in standard forms, condition for y = mx + c to be a tangent and point (s) of tangency |
Three dimensional geometry |
|---|
| Coordinates of a point in space, distance between two points, section formula, direction ratios and direction cosines, angle between two intersecting lines |
| Skew lines, the shortest distance between them and its equation |
| Equations of a line and a plane in different forms, intersection of a line and a plane, coplanar lines |
Vector algebra |
|---|
| Vectors and scalars, addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three dimensional space, scalar and vector products, scalar and vector triple product |
Statistics and probability |
|---|
| Measures of dispersion: Calculation of mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data calculation of standard deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data |
| Probability: Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, Baye's theorem, probability distribution of a random variate, Bernoulli trials and binomial distribution |
Trigonometry |
|---|
| Trigonometrical identities and equations |
| Trigonometrical functions |
| Inverse trigonometrical functions and their properties |
| Heights and distances |
Mathematical reasoning |
|---|
| Statements, logical operations and, or, implies, implied by, if and only if |
| Understanding of tautology, contradiction, converse and contrapositive |
Physics and measurement |
|---|
| Physics, technology, and society, SI units, fundamental, and derived units |
| Least count, accuracy and precision of measuring instruments, errors in measurement, dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications |
Kinematics |
|---|
| Frame of reference |
| Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed, and velocity |
| Uniform and nonuniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated motion |
| Scalars and vectors, vector addition and subtraction, zero vector, scalar and vector products, unit vector, resolution of a vector |
| Relative velocity, motion in a plane, projectile motion, uniform circular motion |
Law of motions |
|---|
| Force and inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum, Newton's second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion |
| Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, equilibrium of concurrent forces |
| Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction |
| Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications |
Work, energy, and power |
|---|
| Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work energy theorem, power |
| Potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative, and nonconservative forces; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions |
Rotational motion |
|---|
| Centre of mass of a two-particle system, centre of mass of a rigid body; basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications; moment of inertia, radius of gyration |
| Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications |
| Rigid body rotation, equations of rotational motion |
Gravitation |
|---|
| The universal law of gravitation |
| Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth |
| Kepler's laws of planetary motion |
| Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential |
| Escape velocity |
| Orbital velocity of a satellite |
| Geostationary satellites |
Properties of solid and liquids |
|---|
| Elastic behaviour, stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity |
| Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications |
| Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynolds number |
| Bernoulli's principle and its applications |
| Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension-drops, bubbles and capillary rise |
| Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat |
| Heat transfer conduction, convection, and radiation, Newton's law of cooling |
Thermodynamics |
|---|
| Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature |
| Heat, work, and internal energy |
| First law of thermodynamics |
| Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes |
| Carnot engine and its efficiency |
Kinetic theory of gases |
|---|
| Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas |
| Kinetic theory of gases-assumptions, concept of pressure |
| Kinetic energy and temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equi partition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases; mean free path, Avogadro's number |
Oscillations and waves |
|---|
| Periodic motion-period, frequency, displacement as a function of time |
| Periodic functions |
| Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring-restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M.-kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum-derivation of expression for its time period |
| Free, forced, and damped oscillations, resonance |
| Wave motion |
| Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave |
| Displacement relation for a progressive wave |
| Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, beats, Doppler effect in sound |
Electrostatics |
|---|
| Electric charges: Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-forces between two-point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution |
| Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field |
| Electric flux, Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell |
| Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two-point charges in an electrostatic field |
| Conductors and insulators, dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor |
Current electricity |
|---|
| Electric current, drift velocity, Ohm's law, electrical resistance, resistances of different materials, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non Ohmic conductors, electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity, colour code for resistors |
| Series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance |
| Electric cell and its internal resistance, potential difference and EMF of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel |
| Kirchhoff's laws and their applications |
| Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge |
| Potentiometer-principle and its applications |
Magnetic effects of current and magnetism |
|---|
| Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop |
| Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid |
| Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields |
| Cyclotron |
| Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field |
| Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere |
| Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter |
| Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment |
| Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements |
| Para-,dia-,and ferro-magnetic substances |
| Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, hysteresis, electromagnets and permanent magnets |
Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents |
|---|
| Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced EMF and current; Lenz’s Law, eddy currents |
| Self and mutual inductance |
| Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit, resonance; quality factor, power in AC circuits, wattless current |
| AC generator and transformer |
Electromagnetic waves |
|---|
| Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics |
| Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves |
| Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) |
| Applications of E.M. waves |
| Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, total internal reflection and its applications, deviation and dispersion of light by a prism, lens formula, magnification, power of a lens |
| Combination of thin lenses in contact, microscope and astronomical telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers |
| Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens' principle, laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen's principle |
| Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width |
| Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum |
| Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster's law, uses of plane polarized light and polaroids |
Dual nature of matter and radiation |
|---|
| Dual nature of radiation |
| Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation; particle nature of light |
| Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation |
| Davisson-Germer experiment |
Atoms and nuclei |
|---|
| Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum |
| Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones |
| Radioactivity-alpha, beta, and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law |
| Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion |
Electronic devices |
|---|
| Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator |
| Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator |
| Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR) |
| Transistor as a switch |
Communication systems |
|---|
| Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; sky and space wave propagation, need for modulation, amplitude and frequency modulation, bandwidth of signals, bandwidth of transmission medium |
| Basic elements of a communication system (block diagram only) |
Physical chemistry-Some basic concept of chemistry |
|---|
| Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory; concept of atom, molecule, element and compound; physical quantities and their measurements in chemistry, precision and accuracy, significant figures, S.I. units, dimensional analysis |
| Laws of chemical combination; atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae, chemical equations and stoichiometry |
Physical chemistry-States of matter |
|---|
| Classification of matter into solid, liquid, and gaseous states |
| Gaseous state: Measurable properties of gases; Gas laws-Boyle's law, Charle's law, Graham's law of diffusion, Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure; concept of absolute scale of temperature; ideal gas equation |
| Gaseous state: Kinetic theory of gases (only postulates); concept of average, root mean square and most probable velocities; real gases, deviation from ideal behaviour, compressibility factor and Van der Waals equation |
| Liquid State: Properties of liquids-vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension and effect of temperature on them (qualitative treatment only) |
| Solid state: Classification of solids-molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea); Bragg's law and its applications; unit cell and lattices, packing in solids (fcc, bcc, and hcp lattices), voids |
| Solid state: Calculations involving unit cell parameters, imperfection in solids; electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties |
Physical chemistry-Atomic structure |
|---|
| Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations; nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; spectrum of hydrogen atom, Bohr model of hydrogen atom-its postulates |
| Derivation of the relations for energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model; dual nature of matter, De-Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle |
| Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model of atom, its important features, concept of atomic orbitals as one electron wave functions; variation of and 2 with r for 1s and 2s orbitals |
| Various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance, shapes of s, p, and d-orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number; rules for filling electrons in orbitals-Aufbau principle |
| Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals |
Physical chemistry-Chemical bonding and molecular structure |
|---|
| Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, concept of ionic and covalent bonds |
| Ionic bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy |
| Covalent bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajan's rule, dipole moment; valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules |
| Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory-its important features, concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals; resonance |
| Molecular orbital theory-its important features, LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, concept of bond order |
| Molecular orbital theory-bond length and bond energy |
| Elementary idea of metallic bonding |
| Hydrogen bonding and its applications |
Physical chemistry-Chemical thermodynamics |
|---|
| Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes |
| First law of thermodynamics-concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess's law of constant heat summation; enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition |
| First law of thermodynamics-hydration, ionization and solution |
| Second law of thermodynamics; spontaneity of processes; S of the universe and G of the system as criteria for spontaneity, G0 (standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant |
Physical chemistry-Solutions |
|---|
| Different methods for expressing concentration of solution-molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult’s law-Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure-composition |
| Plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions; colligative properties of dilute solutions-relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure |
| Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; abnormal value of molar mass, Van't Hoff factor and its significance |
Physical chemistry-Equilibrium |
|---|
| Meaning of equilibrium, concept of dynamic equilibrium |
| Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid-gas, and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law, general characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes |
| Equilibria involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, significance of G and G0 in chemical equilibria, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature |
| Equilibria involving chemical processes: Effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier's principle |
| Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis) and their ionization, acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants |
| Ionic equilibrium: Ionization of water, pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, solubility of sparingly, soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions |
Physical chemistry-Redox reaction and electrochemistry |
|---|
| Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions |
| Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch's law and its applications |
| Electrochemical cells-electrolytic and galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions, EMF of a galvanic cell and its measurement |
| Nernst equation and its applications; relationship between cell potential and Gibbs energy change; dry cell and lead accumulator; fuel cells |
Physical chemistry-chemical kinetics |
|---|
| Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: Concentration, temperature, pressure and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units |
| Differential and integral forms of zero and first order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, effect of temperature on rate of reactions-Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation |
| Collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation) |
Physical chemistry-Surface chemistry |
|---|
| Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids-Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solutions |
| Colloidal state-distinction among true solutions, colloids and suspensions, classification of colloids-lyophilic, lyophobic; multi molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles), preparation and properties of colloids-Tyndall effect |
| Brownian movement, electrophoresis, dialysis, coagulation and flocculation; emulsions and their characteristics |
Inorganic chemistry-Classification of elements and periodicity in properties |
|---|
| Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d, and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and chemical reactivity |
Inorganic chemistry-General principles and processes of isolation of metals |
|---|
| Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ores; steps involved in the extraction of metals-concentration, reduction (chemical and electrolytic methods) and refining with special reference to the extraction of Al, Cu, Zn, and Fe |
| Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of metals |
Inorganic chemistry-Hydrogen |
|---|
| Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties, and uses of hydrogen; physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; structure, preparation, reactions, and uses of hydrogen peroxide; hydrogen as a fuel |
Inorganic chemistry-s-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals) |
|---|
| Group-1 and 2 elements general introduction, electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationships |
| Preparation and properties of some important compounds-sodium carbonate and sodium; industrial uses of lime, limestone, plaster of Paris and cement; biological significance of Na, K, Mg, and Ca |
Inorganic chemistry-p-block elements |
|---|
| Group-13 to Group 18 elements general introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements group-13: Preparation, properties, and uses of boron and aluminium; properties of boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminium chloride, and alums |
| Group-14: Allotropes of carbon, tendency for catenation; structure and properties of silicates, and zeolites |
| Group-15: Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; allotrophic forms of phosphorus; preparation, properties, structure, and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and phosphorus halides, (PCl3, PCl5) |
| Group-15: Structures of oxides and oxoacids of phosphorus |
| Group-16: Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of ozone; allotropic forms of sulphur; preparation, properties, structures, and uses of sulphuric acid (including its industrial preparation); structures of oxoacids of sulphur |
| Group-17: Preparation, properties, and uses of hydrochloric acid; trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; structures of interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens |
| Group-18: Occurrence and uses of noble gases; structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon |
Inorganic chemistry-d-and f-block elements |
|---|
| Transition elements general introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics |
| General trends in properties of the first row transition elements-physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation |
| Preparation, properties, and uses of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4, inner transition elements lanthanoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction |
| Actinoids-electronic configuration and oxidation states |
Inorganic chemistry-Coordination compounds |
|---|
| Introduction to coordination compounds, Werner's theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism; bonding-valence bond approach and basic ideas of crystal field theory |
| Colour and magnetic properties; importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems) |
Inorganic chemistry-Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Environmental pollution-atmospheric, water, and soil |
| Atmospheric pollution-tropospheric and stratospheric, tropospheric pollutants-gaseous pollutants: Oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, hydrocarbons; their sources, harmful effects and prevention; green house effect and global warming; acid rain |
| Particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust, smog, fumes, mist; their sources, harmful effects, and prevention |
| Stratospheric pollution-formation and breakdown of ozone, depletion of ozone layer-its mechanism and effects |
| Water pollution-major pollutants such as, pathogens, organic wastes and chemical pollutants; their harmful effects and prevention |
| Soil pollution-major pollutants such as: Pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides), their harmful effects and prevention |
| Strategies to control environmental pollution |
Organic chemistry-Purification and characterisation of organic compounds |
|---|
| Purification-crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography-principles and their applications |
| Qualitative analysis-detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens |
| Quantitative analysis (basic principles only)-estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus |
| Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae; numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis |
Organic chemistry-Some basic principles of organic chemistry |
|---|
| Tetravalency of carbon; shapes of simple molecules-hybridization (s and p); classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: – C = C – , – C h C – and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur; homologous series |
| Isomerism-structural and stereoisomerism |
| Nomenclature (trivial and IUPAC), covalent bond fission-homolytic and heterolytic: Free radicals, carbocations and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles |
| Electronic displacement in a covalent bond-inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation |
| Common types of organic reactions: Substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement |
Organic chemistry-Hydrocarbons |
|---|
| Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions |
| Alkanes-conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); mechanism of halogenation of alkanes |
| Alkenes-geometrical isomerism; mechanism of electrophilic addition: Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff's and peroxide effect); ozonolysis and polymerization |
| Alkynes-acidic character; addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides; polymerization |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons-nomenclature, benzene-structure and aromaticity; mechanism of electrophilic substitution: Halogenation, nitration, Friedel-Craft’s alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene |
Organic chemistry-Organic compounds containing halogens |
|---|
| General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions; nature of C-X bond; mechanisms of substitution reactions |
| Uses; environmental effects of chloroform and iodoform |
Organic chemistry-Organic compounds containing oxygen |
|---|
| General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Alcohols-identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration. Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: Halogenation, nitration and sulphonation, Reimer-Tiemann reaction |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Ethers-structure. Aldehyde and ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Aldehyde and ketones-important reactions such as-nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3 and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation; reduction (Wolff Kishner and Clemmensen); acidity of hydrogen |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Aldehyde and ketones-aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, haloform reaction; chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones |
| Carboxylic acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it |
Organic chemistry-Organic compounds containing nitrogen |
|---|
| General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses |
| Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character |
| Diazonium salts: importance in synthetic organic chemistry |
Organic chemistry-Polymers |
|---|
| General introduction and classification of polymers, general methods of polymerization-addition and condensation, copolymerization; natural and synthetic rubber and vulcanization |
| Some important polymers with emphasis on their monomers and uses-polythene, nylon, polyester, and Bakelite |
Organic chemistry-Biomolecules |
|---|
| General introduction and importance of biomolecules |
| Carbohydrates-classification: Aldoses and ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosacchorides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose) |
| Proteins-elementary idea of-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides; proteins: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes |
| Vitamins-classification and functions |
| Nucleic acids-chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. Biological functions of nucleic acids |
Organic chemistry-Chemistry in everyday life |
|---|
| Chemicals in medicines-analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamins-their meaning and common examples |
| Chemicals in food-preservatives, artificial sweetening agents-common examples |
| Cleansing agents-soaps and detergents, cleansing action |
Botany-History |
|---|
| History, botanical studies, branches of botany, brief classification of plant kingdom |
| Scope of botany, cell biology, cell theory |
Botany-Plant cell |
|---|
| Structure of typical plant cell, cell wall and cell membrane, protoplasm-physical and chemical nature, cell organelle-structure and functions, nucleus, iysosomes, golgi bodies, plastids, ribosomes, mitochondria, chromosomes, spherosomes |
| Important compounds of cell, water, amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, nucleotides, nucleic acids |
| Cell inclusions, physical and chemical nature and functions of enzymes, vitamins and hormones, mode of enzyme action, cell cycle, mitosis; meiosis |
Botany-Complexities of plant life |
|---|
| Meristematic tissues, permanent, simple and complex tissues, internal structure of dicot and monocot systems and roots, internal structure of isobilateral and dorsiventral with functions of different tissues, normal, secondary growth in dicot stems |
Botany-Morphology of angiosperms |
|---|
| Normal and modified stems, roots and leaves, inflorescence, flower and its parts, floral diagram and floral formula, pollination, fertilization, fruits |
Botany-Taxonomy of flowering plants |
|---|
| Principle and units of classification (species, genus, family), knowledge of important families and their economic importance |
Botany-Continuity of plant life |
|---|
| Genetics (elementary knowledge), mitosis and meiosis and their significance, principle of Mendel's law of inheritance, monohybrid and dihybrid ratio, concept of gene, elementary idea of gene action, evolution, evidence, theories and mechanism of evolution |
| Variation and mutation, role of mutation in agriculture, origin of species |
Botany-Microorganisms and diversities of plant life |
|---|
| Elementary idea and economic importance of virus, bacteria, fungi, algae, and lichen, elementary idea of gryophytes, pterodophytes, and gymnosperms |
Botany-Processes in plants |
|---|
| Absorption and transport of water and minerals, transpiration, stomatal mechanism, life energy and ATP, respiration and fermentation, photosynthesis, elementary idea of protein synthesis, growth, reproduction |
| Movements (with special reference to geotropism and phototropism) |
Botany-Environmental biology |
|---|
| Man and his environment, biotic community, ecological adaptations (hydrophytes and xerophytes) |
Botany-Botany and human welfare |
|---|
| Agricultural crops-brief description and economic importance of crop plants like rice, gram (green gram) jute, groundnut, sugarcane, and potato |
Botany-Common plant diseases |
|---|
| Control of blight in rice, rot of sugarcane, forestry, genetic conservation and crop improvement |
Botany-Genetic engineering and biotechnology |
|---|
| Recombinant DNA, gene library, transgenic plants, fermentation, bakery, antibiotics, monochloral antibodies |
Zoology-Animal world |
|---|
| Definition, scope, and branch of zoology |
| Species concept, bionomical nomenclature, classification, scientific name of some common animals: Fishes-rohu, bhakura, mrigal, amphibians-frog, toad, reptiles-house lizard, garden lizard, crocodile, turtle, snakes-cobra, krait, birds-fowl |
| Peacock, pigeon, mammals-tiger, lion, elephant, cat, dog, cow, rabbit and man |
Zoology-Diversity of life: Kingdom-protasia |
|---|
| General characters of the phylum, protozoa, classification-amoeba, entamoeba, paramoecium, euglena, trypanosoma, plasmodium |
Zoology-Kingdom-animalia |
|---|
| Concept of body plan, symmetry, coelom, germ layers homeothermic and poikilothermic animals |
| General characters of non-chordata like-porifera, coelenterata, platy helminthes, nematahelminthes, annelida, arthopoda, mollusca, echinodermata and hemichordata |
Zoology-Multi cellularity in animals |
|---|
| Animal tissues-types-epithelial, connective (details about blood and lymph), muscular and nervous-organs and organ systems |
Zoology-Locomotion |
|---|
| Locomotory organelles in protozoans, hydra, annelid, brief account of joints and muscles in movement of man, modes of nutrition-nutrition in amoeba |
| Digestive system of man-structure and function of alimentary canal associated glands, physiology of digestion and absorption |
Zoology-Types of respiration |
|---|
| Structure and function of respiratory system in man: Respiratory organs, mechanics of pulmonary respiration, pulmonary exchange of gas, transport of gases, glycolysis and Kreb's cycle, respiratory quotient |
Zoology-Digestive system |
|---|
| Organs, digestion, and absorption |
Zoology-Types of circulation |
|---|
| Open circulation, closed circulatory system in man: Structure of heart, cardiac cycle, arteries, veins, capillaries, portal system, coronary circulation, blood pressure, respiratory pigments, group, and coagulation |
Zoology-Excretory reproduction in man |
|---|
| Structure and function of kidney |
Zoology-Control and coordination in man |
|---|
| Nervous system-central, peripheral and autonomic sense organs, endocrine system, mechanism of hormone action |
Zoology-Types of reproduction |
|---|
| Asexual, binary, and multiple fission, budding, cellular growth, re-generation, ageing |
| Sexual reproduction in man-male and female reproductive system, menstrual cycle |
Zoology-Genetics |
|---|
| Chromosomes and heredity: Heredity and variation, Mendelian principle, laws of heredity, chromosomes, interaction of genes, chromosomal variation |
Zoology-Evolution |
|---|
| Origin of life anatomical, embryological biochemical, paleontological, and biogeographical evidences of evolutions, Darwin's theory of natural selection, modern synthetic theory |
Zoology-Environmental biology |
|---|
| Meaning of ecology environment, habitat and niche, biosphere and ecosystem, ecological adaptations, biodiversity |
| Environmental pollution-source, effects and control of air, water, and sound pollution, deforestation, global warming, climate change |
Zoology-Common human disease |
|---|
| Non communicable diseases-diabetes and cardiac diseases |
| Communicable diseases like, amoebiasis, filariasis, malaria (mode of inflection-pathogens, prevention, and treatment) |
Zoology-Defence mechanism of body |
|---|
| Cells, immune system, and their function, immune deficiency in AIDS |
Zoology-Wildlife conservation |
|---|
| Importance of wildlife, causes of extinction, threatened species-endangered, vulnerable and rare species, conservation of wild life |
Physics and measurement |
|---|
| Physics, technology, and society, SI units, fundamental, and derived units |
| Least count, accuracy and precision of measuring instruments, errors in measurement, dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications |
Kinematics |
|---|
| Frame of reference |
| Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed, and velocity |
| Uniform and nonuniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated motion |
| Scalars and vectors, vector addition and subtraction, zero vector, scalar and vector products, unit vector, resolution of a vector |
| Relative velocity, motion in a plane, projectile motion, uniform circular motion |
Law of motions |
|---|
| Force and inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum, Newton's second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion |
| Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, equilibrium of concurrent forces |
| Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction |
| Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications |
Work, energy, and power |
|---|
| Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work energy theorem, power |
| Potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative, and nonconservative forces; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions |
Rotational motion |
|---|
| Centre of mass of a two-particle system, centre of mass of a rigid body; basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications; moment of inertia, radius of gyration |
| Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications |
| Rigid body rotation, equations of rotational motion |
Gravitation |
|---|
| The universal law of gravitation |
| Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth |
| Kepler's laws of planetary motion |
| Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential |
| Escape velocity |
| Orbital velocity of a satellite |
| Geostationary satellites |
Properties of solid and liquids |
|---|
| Elastic behaviour, stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity |
| Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications |
| Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynolds number |
| Bernoulli's principle and its applications |
| Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension-drops, bubbles and capillary rise |
| Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat |
| Heat transfer conduction, convection, and radiation, Newton's law of cooling |
Thermodynamics |
|---|
| Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature |
| Heat, work, and internal energy |
| First law of thermodynamics |
| Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes |
| Carnot engine and its efficiency |
Kinetic theory of gases |
|---|
| Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas |
| Kinetic theory of gases-assumptions, concept of pressure |
| Kinetic energy and temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equi partition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases; mean free path, Avogadro's number |
Oscillations and waves |
|---|
| Periodic motion-period, frequency, displacement as a function of time |
| Periodic functions |
| Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring-restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M.-kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum-derivation of expression for its time period |
| Free, forced, and damped oscillations, resonance |
| Wave motion |
| Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave |
| Displacement relation for a progressive wave |
| Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, beats, Doppler effect in sound |
Electrostatics |
|---|
| Electric charges: Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-forces between two-point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution |
| Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field |
| Electric flux, Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell |
| Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two-point charges in an electrostatic field |
| Conductors and insulators, dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor |
Current electricity |
|---|
| Electric current, drift velocity, Ohm's law, electrical resistance, resistances of different materials, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non Ohmic conductors, electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity, colour code for resistors |
| Series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance |
| Electric cell and its internal resistance, potential difference and EMF of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel |
| Kirchhoff's laws and their applications |
| Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge |
| Potentiometer-principle and its applications |
Magnetic effects of current and magnetism |
|---|
| Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop |
| Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid |
| Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields |
| Cyclotron |
| Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field |
| Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere |
| Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter |
| Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment |
| Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements |
| Para-,dia-,and ferro-magnetic substances |
| Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, hysteresis, electromagnets and permanent magnets |
Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents |
|---|
| Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced EMF and current; Lenz’s Law, eddy currents |
| Self and mutual inductance |
| Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit, resonance; quality factor, power in AC circuits, wattless current |
| AC generator and transformer |
Electromagnetic waves |
|---|
| Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics |
| Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves |
| Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) |
| Applications of E.M. waves |
| Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, total internal reflection and its applications, deviation and dispersion of light by a prism, lens formula, magnification, power of a lens |
| Combination of thin lenses in contact, microscope and astronomical telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers |
| Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens' principle, laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen's principle |
| Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width |
| Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum |
| Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster's law, uses of plane polarized light and polaroids |
Dual nature of matter and radiation |
|---|
| Dual nature of radiation |
| Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation; particle nature of light |
| Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation |
| Davisson-Germer experiment |
Atoms and nuclei |
|---|
| Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum |
| Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones |
| Radioactivity-alpha, beta, and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law |
| Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion |
Electronic devices |
|---|
| Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator |
| Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator |
| Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR) |
| Transistor as a switch |
Communication systems |
|---|
| Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; sky and space wave propagation, need for modulation, amplitude and frequency modulation, bandwidth of signals, bandwidth of transmission medium |
| Basic elements of a communication system (block diagram only) |
Physical chemistry-Some basic concept of chemistry |
|---|
| Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory; concept of atom, molecule, element and compound; physical quantities and their measurements in chemistry, precision and accuracy, significant figures, S.I. units, dimensional analysis |
| Laws of chemical combination; atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae, chemical equations and stoichiometry |
Physical chemistry-States of matter |
|---|
| Classification of matter into solid, liquid, and gaseous states |
| Gaseous state: Measurable properties of gases; Gas laws-Boyle's law, Charle's law, Graham's law of diffusion, Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure; concept of absolute scale of temperature; ideal gas equation |
| Gaseous state: Kinetic theory of gases (only postulates); concept of average, root mean square and most probable velocities; real gases, deviation from ideal behaviour, compressibility factor and Van der Waals equation |
| Liquid State: Properties of liquids-vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension and effect of temperature on them (qualitative treatment only) |
| Solid state: Classification of solids-molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea); Bragg's law and its applications; unit cell and lattices, packing in solids (fcc, bcc, and hcp lattices), voids |
| Solid state: Calculations involving unit cell parameters, imperfection in solids; electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties |
Physical chemistry-Atomic structure |
|---|
| Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations; nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; spectrum of hydrogen atom, Bohr model of hydrogen atom-its postulates |
| Derivation of the relations for energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model; dual nature of matter, De-Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle |
| Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model of atom, its important features, concept of atomic orbitals as one electron wave functions; variation of and 2 with r for 1s and 2s orbitals |
| Various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance, shapes of s, p, and d-orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number; rules for filling electrons in orbitals-Aufbau principle |
| Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals |
Physical chemistry-Chemical bonding and molecular structure |
|---|
| Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, concept of ionic and covalent bonds |
| Ionic bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy |
| Covalent bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajan's rule, dipole moment; valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules |
| Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory-its important features, concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals; resonance |
| Molecular orbital theory-its important features, LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, concept of bond order |
| Molecular orbital theory-bond length and bond energy |
| Elementary idea of metallic bonding |
| Hydrogen bonding and its applications |
Physical chemistry-Chemical thermodynamics |
|---|
| Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes |
| First law of thermodynamics-concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess's law of constant heat summation; enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition |
| First law of thermodynamics-hydration, ionization and solution |
| Second law of thermodynamics; spontaneity of processes; S of the universe and G of the system as criteria for spontaneity, G0 (standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant |
Physical chemistry-Solutions |
|---|
| Different methods for expressing concentration of solution-molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult’s law-Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure-composition |
| Plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions; colligative properties of dilute solutions-relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure |
| Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; abnormal value of molar mass, Van't Hoff factor and its significance |
Physical chemistry-Equilibrium |
|---|
| Meaning of equilibrium, concept of dynamic equilibrium |
| Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid-gas, and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law, general characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes |
| Equilibria involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, significance of G and G0 in chemical equilibria, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature |
| Equilibria involving chemical processes: Effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier's principle |
| Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis) and their ionization, acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants |
| Ionic equilibrium: Ionization of water, pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, solubility of sparingly, soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions |
Physical chemistry-Redox reaction and electrochemistry |
|---|
| Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions |
| Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch's law and its applications |
| Electrochemical cells-electrolytic and galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions, EMF of a galvanic cell and its measurement |
| Nernst equation and its applications; relationship between cell potential and Gibbs energy change; dry cell and lead accumulator; fuel cells |
Physical chemistry-chemical kinetics |
|---|
| Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: Concentration, temperature, pressure and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units |
| Differential and integral forms of zero and first order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, effect of temperature on rate of reactions-Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation |
| Collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation) |
Physical chemistry-Surface chemistry |
|---|
| Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids-Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solutions |
| Colloidal state-distinction among true solutions, colloids and suspensions, classification of colloids-lyophilic, lyophobic; multi molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles), preparation and properties of colloids-Tyndall effect |
| Brownian movement, electrophoresis, dialysis, coagulation and flocculation; emulsions and their characteristics |
Inorganic chemistry-Classification of elements and periodicity in properties |
|---|
| Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d, and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and chemical reactivity |
Inorganic chemistry-General principles and processes of isolation of metals |
|---|
| Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ores; steps involved in the extraction of metals-concentration, reduction (chemical and electrolytic methods) and refining with special reference to the extraction of Al, Cu, Zn, and Fe |
| Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of metals |
Inorganic chemistry-Hydrogen |
|---|
| Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties, and uses of hydrogen; physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; structure, preparation, reactions, and uses of hydrogen peroxide; hydrogen as a fuel |
Inorganic chemistry-s-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals) |
|---|
| Group-1 and 2 elements general introduction, electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationships |
| Preparation and properties of some important compounds-sodium carbonate and sodium; industrial uses of lime, limestone, plaster of Paris and cement; biological significance of Na, K, Mg, and Ca |
Inorganic chemistry-p-block elements |
|---|
| Group-13 to Group 18 elements general introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements group-13: Preparation, properties, and uses of boron and aluminium; properties of boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminium chloride, and alums |
| Group-14: Allotropes of carbon, tendency for catenation; structure and properties of silicates, and zeolites |
| Group-15: Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; allotrophic forms of phosphorus; preparation, properties, structure, and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and phosphorus halides, (PCl3, PCl5) |
| Group-15: Structures of oxides and oxoacids of phosphorus |
| Group-16: Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of ozone; allotropic forms of sulphur; preparation, properties, structures, and uses of sulphuric acid (including its industrial preparation); structures of oxoacids of sulphur |
| Group-17: Preparation, properties, and uses of hydrochloric acid; trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; structures of interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens |
| Group-18: Occurrence and uses of noble gases; structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon |
Inorganic chemistry-d-and f-block elements |
|---|
| Transition elements general introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics |
| General trends in properties of the first row transition elements-physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation |
| Preparation, properties, and uses of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4, inner transition elements lanthanoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction |
| Actinoids-electronic configuration and oxidation states |
Inorganic chemistry-Coordination compounds |
|---|
| Introduction to coordination compounds, Werner's theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism; bonding-valence bond approach and basic ideas of crystal field theory |
| Colour and magnetic properties; importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems) |
Inorganic chemistry-Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Environmental pollution-atmospheric, water, and soil |
| Atmospheric pollution-tropospheric and stratospheric, tropospheric pollutants-gaseous pollutants: Oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, hydrocarbons; their sources, harmful effects and prevention; green house effect and global warming; acid rain |
| Particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust, smog, fumes, mist; their sources, harmful effects, and prevention |
| Stratospheric pollution-formation and breakdown of ozone, depletion of ozone layer-its mechanism and effects |
| Water pollution-major pollutants such as, pathogens, organic wastes and chemical pollutants; their harmful effects and prevention |
| Soil pollution-major pollutants such as: Pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides), their harmful effects and prevention |
| Strategies to control environmental pollution |
Organic chemistry-Purification and characterisation of organic compounds |
|---|
| Purification-crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography-principles and their applications |
| Qualitative analysis-detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens |
| Quantitative analysis (basic principles only)-estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus |
| Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae; numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis |
Organic chemistry-Some basic principles of organic chemistry |
|---|
| Tetravalency of carbon; shapes of simple molecules-hybridization (s and p); classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: – C = C – , – C h C – and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur; homologous series |
| Isomerism-structural and stereoisomerism |
| Nomenclature (trivial and IUPAC), covalent bond fission-homolytic and heterolytic: Free radicals, carbocations and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles |
| Electronic displacement in a covalent bond-inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation |
| Common types of organic reactions: Substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement |
Organic chemistry-Hydrocarbons |
|---|
| Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions |
| Alkanes-conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); mechanism of halogenation of alkanes |
| Alkenes-geometrical isomerism; mechanism of electrophilic addition: Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff's and peroxide effect); ozonolysis and polymerization |
| Alkynes-acidic character; addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides; polymerization |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons-nomenclature, benzene-structure and aromaticity; mechanism of electrophilic substitution: Halogenation, nitration, Friedel-Craft’s alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene |
Organic chemistry-Organic compounds containing halogens |
|---|
| General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions; nature of C-X bond; mechanisms of substitution reactions |
| Uses; environmental effects of chloroform and iodoform |
Organic chemistry-Organic compounds containing oxygen |
|---|
| General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Alcohols-identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration. Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: Halogenation, nitration and sulphonation, Reimer-Tiemann reaction |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Ethers-structure. Aldehyde and ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Aldehyde and ketones-important reactions such as-nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3 and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation; reduction (Wolff Kishner and Clemmensen); acidity of hydrogen |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Aldehyde and ketones-aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, haloform reaction; chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones |
| Carboxylic acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it |
Organic chemistry-Organic compounds containing nitrogen |
|---|
| General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses |
| Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character |
| Diazonium salts: importance in synthetic organic chemistry |
Organic chemistry-Polymers |
|---|
| General introduction and classification of polymers, general methods of polymerization-addition and condensation, copolymerization; natural and synthetic rubber and vulcanization |
| Some important polymers with emphasis on their monomers and uses-polythene, nylon, polyester, and Bakelite |
Organic chemistry-Biomolecules |
|---|
| General introduction and importance of biomolecules |
| Carbohydrates-classification: Aldoses and ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosacchorides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose) |
| Proteins-elementary idea of-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides; proteins: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes |
| Vitamins-classification and functions |
| Nucleic acids-chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. Biological functions of nucleic acids |
Organic chemistry-Chemistry in everyday life |
|---|
| Chemicals in medicines-analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamins-their meaning and common examples |
| Chemicals in food-preservatives, artificial sweetening agents-common examples |
| Cleansing agents-soaps and detergents, cleansing action |
Botany-History |
|---|
| History, botanical studies, branches of botany, brief classification of plant kingdom |
| Scope of botany, cell biology, cell theory |
Botany-Plant cell |
|---|
| Structure of typical plant cell, cell wall and cell membrane, protoplasm-physical and chemical nature, cell organelle-structure and functions, nucleus, iysosomes, golgi bodies, plastids, ribosomes, mitochondria, chromosomes, spherosomes |
| Important compounds of cell, water, amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, nucleotides, nucleic acids |
| Cell inclusions, physical and chemical nature and functions of enzymes, vitamins and hormones, mode of enzyme action, cell cycle, mitosis; meiosis |
Botany-Complexities of plant life |
|---|
| Meristematic tissues, permanent, simple and complex tissues, internal structure of dicot and monocot systems and roots, internal structure of isobilateral and dorsiventral with functions of different tissues, normal, secondary growth in dicot stems |
Botany-Morphology of angiosperms |
|---|
| Normal and modified stems, roots and leaves, inflorescence, flower and its parts, floral diagram and floral formula, pollination, fertilization, fruits |
Botany-Taxonomy of flowering plants |
|---|
| Principle and units of classification (species, genus, family), knowledge of important families and their economic importance |
Botany-Continuity of plant life |
|---|
| Genetics (elementary knowledge), mitosis and meiosis and their significance, principle of Mendel's law of inheritance, monohybrid and dihybrid ratio, concept of gene, elementary idea of gene action, evolution, evidence, theories and mechanism of evolution |
| Variation and mutation, role of mutation in agriculture, origin of species |
Botany-Microorganisms and diversities of plant life |
|---|
| Elementary idea and economic importance of virus, bacteria, fungi, algae, and lichen, elementary idea of gryophytes, pterodophytes, and gymnosperms |
Botany-Processes in plants |
|---|
| Absorption and transport of water and minerals, transpiration, stomatal mechanism, life energy and ATP, respiration and fermentation, photosynthesis, elementary idea of protein synthesis, growth, reproduction |
| Movements (with special reference to geotropism and phototropism) |
Botany-Environmental biology |
|---|
| Man and his environment, biotic community, ecological adaptations (hydrophytes and xerophytes) |
Botany-Botany and human welfare |
|---|
| Agricultural crops-brief description and economic importance of crop plants like rice, gram (green gram) jute, groundnut, sugarcane, and potato |
Botany-Common plant diseases |
|---|
| Control of blight in rice, rot of sugarcane, forestry, genetic conservation and crop improvement |
Botany-Genetic engineering and biotechnology |
|---|
| Recombinant DNA, gene library, transgenic plants, fermentation, bakery, antibiotics, monochloral antibodies |
Zoology-Animal world |
|---|
| Definition, scope, and branch of zoology |
| Species concept, bionomical nomenclature, classification, scientific name of some common animals: Fishes-rohu, bhakura, mrigal, amphibians-frog, toad, reptiles-house lizard, garden lizard, crocodile, turtle, snakes-cobra, krait, birds-fowl |
| Peacock, pigeon, mammals-tiger, lion, elephant, cat, dog, cow, rabbit and man |
Zoology-Diversity of life: Kingdom-protasia |
|---|
| General characters of the phylum, protozoa, classification-amoeba, entamoeba, paramoecium, euglena, trypanosoma, plasmodium |
Zoology-Kingdom-animalia |
|---|
| Concept of body plan, symmetry, coelom, germ layers homeothermic and poikilothermic animals |
| General characters of non-chordata like-porifera, coelenterata, platy helminthes, nematahelminthes, annelida, arthopoda, mollusca, echinodermata and hemichordata |
Zoology-Multi cellularity in animals |
|---|
| Animal tissues-types-epithelial, connective (details about blood and lymph), muscular and nervous-organs and organ systems |
Zoology-Locomotion |
|---|
| Locomotory organelles in protozoans, hydra, annelid, brief account of joints and muscles in movement of man, modes of nutrition-nutrition in amoeba |
| Digestive system of man-structure and function of alimentary canal associated glands, physiology of digestion and absorption |
Zoology-Types of respiration |
|---|
| Structure and function of respiratory system in man: Respiratory organs, mechanics of pulmonary respiration, pulmonary exchange of gas, transport of gases, glycolysis and Kreb's cycle, respiratory quotient |
Zoology-Digestive system |
|---|
| Organs, digestion, and absorption |
Zoology-Types of circulation |
|---|
| Open circulation, closed circulatory system in man: Structure of heart, cardiac cycle, arteries, veins, capillaries, portal system, coronary circulation, blood pressure, respiratory pigments, group, and coagulation |
Zoology-Excretory reproduction in man |
|---|
| Structure and function of kidney |
Zoology-Control and coordination in man |
|---|
| Nervous system-central, peripheral and autonomic sense organs, endocrine system, mechanism of hormone action |
Zoology-Types of reproduction |
|---|
| Asexual, binary, and multiple fission, budding, cellular growth, re-generation, ageing |
| Sexual reproduction in man-male and female reproductive system, menstrual cycle |
Zoology-Genetics |
|---|
| Chromosomes and heredity: Heredity and variation, Mendelian principle, laws of heredity, chromosomes, interaction of genes, chromosomal variation |
Zoology-Evolution |
|---|
| Origin of life anatomical, embryological biochemical, paleontological, and biogeographical evidences of evolutions, Darwin's theory of natural selection, modern synthetic theory |
Zoology-Environmental biology |
|---|
| Meaning of ecology environment, habitat and niche, biosphere and ecosystem, ecological adaptations, biodiversity |
| Environmental pollution-source, effects and control of air, water, and sound pollution, deforestation, global warming, climate change |
Zoology-Common human disease |
|---|
| Non communicable diseases-diabetes and cardiac diseases |
| Communicable diseases like, amoebiasis, filariasis, malaria (mode of inflection-pathogens, prevention, and treatment) |
Zoology-Defence mechanism of body |
|---|
| Cells, immune system, and their function, immune deficiency in AIDS |
Zoology-Wildlife conservation |
|---|
| Importance of wildlife, causes of extinction, threatened species-endangered, vulnerable and rare species, conservation of wild life |
Engineering mathematics |
|---|
| Linear algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors |
| Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, Fourier series. Vector identities, directional derivatives, line |
| Calculus: Surface and volume integrals, stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems |
| Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, method of variation of parameters, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, initial and boundary value problems |
| Differential equations: Partial differential equations and variable separable method |
| Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor's and Laurent' series, residue theorem, solution integrals |
| Probability and statistics: Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode and standard deviation, random variables, discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson, normal and binomial distribution, correlation and regression analysis |
| Probability and statistics: Numerical methods-solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi-step methods for differential equations |
| Transform theory: Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform |
Electronics and communication engineering |
|---|
| Networks: Network graphs-matrices associated with graphs; incidence, fundamental cut set and fundamental circuit matrices. Solution methods: Nodal and mesh analysis |
| Networks: Network theorems-superposition, Thevenin and Norton's maximum power transfer, Wye-Delta transformation. Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors. Linear constant coefficient differential equations |
| Networks: Time domain analysis of simple RLC circuits, solution of network equations using Laplace transform: Frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits. 2-port network parameters: Driving point and transfer functions. State equations for networks |
| Electronic devices: Energy bands in silicon, intrinsic and extrinsic silicon. Carrier transport in silicon: Diffusion current, drift current, mobility, and resistivity. Generation and recombination of carriers |
| Electronic devices: p-n junction diode, Zener diode, tunnel diode, BJT, JFET, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, p-I-n and avalanche photo diode, basics of LASERs |
| Electronic devices: Device technology-integrated circuits fabrication process, oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation, photolithography, n-tub, p-tub, and twin-tub CMOS process |
| Analog circuits: Small signal equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs and analog CMOS. Simple diode circuits, clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability of transistor and FET amplifiers |
| Analog circuits: Amplifiers-single and multistage, differential and operational, feedback, and power. Frequency response of amplifiers. Simple op-amp circuits. Filters. Sinusoidal oscillators; criterion for oscillation |
| Analog circuits: Single-transistor and op-amp configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits, 555 timers. Power supplies |
| Digital circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinatorial circuits: Arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders, PROMs and PLAs |
| Digital circuits: Sequential circuits-latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs, DACs. Semiconductor memories. Microprocessor (8085): Architecture, programming, memory and I/O interfacing |
| Digital circuits: Signals and systems-definitions and properties of Laplace transform, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier series, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier Transform, DFT and FFT, Z-transform. Sampling theorem |
| Digital circuits: Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems-definitions and properties; causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeros, parallel and cascade structure, frequency response, group delay, phase delay |
| Digital circuits: Signal transmission through LTI systems |
| Control systems: Basic control system components; block diagrammatic description, reduction of block diagrams. Open loop and closed loop (feedback) systems and stability analysis of these systems |
| Control systems: Signal flow graphs and their use in determining transfer functions of systems; transient and steady state analysis of LTI control systems and frequency response |
| Control systems: Tools and techniques for LTI control system analysis-root loci, Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Bode and Nyquist plots |
| Control systems: Control system compensators-elements of lead and lag compensation, elements of proportional-integral-Derivative (PID) control. State variable representation and solution of state equation of LTI control systems |
| Communications: Random signals and noise-probability, random variables, probability density function, autocorrelation, power spectral density. Analog communication systems: Amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems |
| Communications: Analog communication systems-spectral analysis of these operations, superheterodyne receivers; elements of hardware, realizations of analog communication systems |
| Communications: Analog communication systems-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) for low noise conditions. Fundamentals of information theory and channel capacity theorem |
| Communications: Digital communication systems-pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), digital modulation schemes: Amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK), matched filter receivers |
| Communications: Digital communication systems-bandwidth consideration and probability of error calculations for these schemes. Basics of TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA and GSM |
| Electromagnetics: Elements of vector calculus-divergence and curl; Gauss and Stokes theorems, Maxwell's equations: Differential and integral forms. Wave equation, Poynting vector |
| Electromagnetics: Plane waves-propagation through various media; reflection and refraction; phase and group velocity; skin depth. Transmission lines: Characteristic impedance; impedance transformation; Smith chart; impedance matching; S parameters |
| Electromagnetics: Transmission lines-pulse excitation. Waveguides: Modes in rectangular waveguides; boundary conditions; cut-off frequencies; dispersion relations. Basics of propagation in dielectric waveguide and optical fibers |
| Electromagnetics: Basics of antennas-dipole antennas; radiation pattern; antenna gain |
Engineering mathematics |
|---|
| Linear algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors |
| Calculus: Functions of single variable, limit, continuity, and differentiability, mean value theorems, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, total derivative, maxima and minima, gradient, divergence and curl |
| Calculus: Vector identities, directional derivatives, line, surface and volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss, and Green's theorems |
| Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms |
| Differential equations: Solutions of one-dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation |
| Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem, Taylor and Laurent series |
| Probability and statistics: Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode and standard deviation, random variables, Poisson, normal and binomial distributions |
| Numerical methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rule, single and multi-step methods for differential equations |
Applied mechanics and design |
|---|
| Engineering mechanics: Free body diagrams and equilibrium; trusses and frames; virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of particles and of rigid bodies in plane motion, including impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and energy formulations; impact |
| Strength of materials: Stress and strain, stress-strain relationship and elastic constants, Mohr's circle for plane stress and plane strain, thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; deflection of beams |
| Strength of materials: Torsion of circular shafts; Euler's theory of columns; strain energy methods; thermal stresses |
| Theory of machines: Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic analysis of slider-crank mechanism; gear trains; flywheels |
| Vibrations: Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems; effect of damping; vibration isolation; resonance, critical speeds of shafts |
| Design: Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the S-N diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such as bolted, riveted and welded joints, shafts, spur gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings |
| Design: Brakes and clutches |
Fluid mechanics and thermal sciences |
|---|
| Fluid mechanics: Fluid properties; fluid statics, manometry, buoyancy; control-volume analysis of mass, momentum and energy; fluid acceleration; differential equations of continuity and momentum; Bernoulli's equation; viscous flow of incompressible fluids |
| Fluid mechanics: Boundary layer; elementary turbulent flow; flow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends etc |
| Heat-transfer: Modes of heat transfer; one dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept, electrical analogy, unsteady heat conduction, fins; dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer |
| Heat-transfer: Various correlations for heat transfer in flow over flat plates and through pipes; thermal boundary layer; effect of turbulence; radiative heat transfer, black and grey surfaces, shape factors, network analysis; heat exchanger performance |
| Heat-transfer: LMTD and NTU methods |
| Thermodynamics: Zeroth, first, and second laws of thermodynamics; thermodynamic system and processes; Carnot cycle. Irreversibility and availability; behaviour of ideal and real gases, properties of pure substances |
| Thermodynamics: Calculation of work and heat in ideal processes; analysis of thermodynamic cycles related to energy conversion |
| Applications: Power engineering-steam tables, Rankine, Brayton cycles with regeneration and reheat. I.C. engines: Air-standard Otto, Diesel cycles |
| Applications: Refrigeration and air-conditioning-vapour refrigeration cycle, heat pumps, gas refrigeration, reverse Brayton cycle; moist air: Psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric processes |
| Applications: Turbomachinery-Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines, impulse and reaction principles, velocity diagrams |
Manufacturing and industrial engineering |
|---|
| Engineering materials: Structure and properties of engineering materials, heat treatment, stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials |
| Metal casting: Design of patterns, moulds and cores; solidification and cooling; riser and gating design, design considerations |
| Forming: Plastic deformation and yield criteria; fundamentals of hot and cold working processes; load estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing) and sheet (shearing, deep drawing, bending) metal forming processes |
| Forming: Principles of powder metallurgy |
| Joining: Physics of welding, brazing and soldering; adhesive bonding; design considerations in welding |
| Machining and machine tool operations: Mechanics of machining, single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry and materials, tool life and wear; economics of machining; principles of non-traditional machining processes |
| Machining and machine tool operations: Principles of design of jigs and fixtures |
| Metrology and inspection: Limits, fits and tolerances; linear and angular measurements; comparators; gauge design; interferometry; form and finish measurement; alignment and testing methods; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly |
| Computer integrated manufacturing: Basic concepts of CAD/CAM and their integration tools. Production planning and control: Forecasting models, aggregate production planning, scheduling, materials requirement planning |
| Inventory control: Deterministic and probabilistic models; safety stock inventory control systems |
| Operations research: Linear programming, simplex and duplex method, transportation, assignment, network flow models, simple queuing models, PERT and CPM |
Engineering mathematics |
|---|
| Linear algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors |
| Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, Fourier series. Vector identities, directional derivatives, line |
| Calculus: Surface and volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss, and Green's theorems |
| Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, method of variation of parameters, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, initial and boundary value problems |
| Differential equations: Partial differential equations and variable separable method |
| Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor's and Laurent' series, residue theorem, solution integrals |
| Probability and statistics: Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode and standard deviation, random variables, discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson, normal and binomial distribution, correlation and regression analysis |
| Numerical methods: Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi-step methods for differential equations |
| Transform theory: Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform |
Electrical engineering |
|---|
| Electric circuits and fields: Network graph, KCL, KVL, node and mesh analysis, transient response of DC and AC networks; sinusoidal steady-state analysis, resonance, basic filter concepts; ideal current and voltage sources |
| Electric circuits and fields: Thevenin's, Norton's and superposition and maximum power transfer theorems, two-port networks, three phase circuits; Gauss theorem, electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions |
| Electric circuits and fields: Ampere's and Biot-Savart's laws; inductance; dielectrics; capacitance |
| Signals and systems: Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals; shifting and scaling operations; linear, time-invariant and causal systems; Fourier series representation of continuous periodic signals; sampling theorem |
| Signals and systems: Fourier, Laplace and Z transforms |
| Electrical machines: Single phase transformer-equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, tests, regulation and efficiency; three phase transformers-connections, parallel operation; auto-transformer; energy conversion principles |
| Electrical machines: DC machines-types, windings, generator characteristics, armature reaction and commutation, starting and speed control of motors; three phase induction motors-principles, types, performance characteristics, starting and speed control |
| Electrical machines: Single phase induction motors; synchronous machines-performance, regulation and parallel operation of generators, motor starting, characteristics and applications; servo and stepper motors |
| Power systems: Basic power generation concepts; transmission line models and performance; cable performance, insulation; corona and radio interference; distribution systems; per-unit quantities; bus impedance and admittance matrices; load flow |
| Power systems: Voltage control; power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components; fault analysis; principles of over-current, differential and distance protection; solid state relays and digital protection; circuit breakers |
| Power systems: System stability concepts, swing curves and equal area criterion; HVDC transmission and FACTS concepts |
| Control systems: Principles of feedback; transfer function; block diagrams; steady-state errors; Routh and Nyquist techniques; Bode plots; root loci; lag, lead and lead-lag compensation; state space model; state transition matrix |
| Control systems: Controllability and observability. Electrical and electronic measurements: Bridges and potentiometers; PMMC, moving iron, dynamometer and induction type instruments; measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor |
| Control systems: Instrument transformers; digital voltmeters and multimeters; phase, time and frequency measurement; Q-meters; oscilloscopes; potentiometric recorders; error analysis. |
| Analog and digital electronics: Characteristics of diodes, BJT, FET; amplifiers-biasing, equivalent circuit and frequency response; oscillators and feedback amplifiers; operational amplifiers-characteristics and applications; simple active filters |
| Analog and digital electronics: VCOs and timers; combinational and sequential logic circuits; multiplexer; Schmitt trigger; multi-vibrators; sample and hold circuits; A/D and D/A converters |
| Analog and digital electronics: 8-bit microprocessor basics, architecture, programming and interfacing |
| Power electronics and drives: Semiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs, GTOs, MOSFETs and IGBTs-static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers |
| Power electronics and drives: Bridge converters-fully controlled and half controlled; principles of choppers and inverters; basis concepts of adjustable speed DC and AC drives |
Engineering mathematics |
|---|
| Mathematical logic: Propositional logic; first order logic |
| Probability: Conditional probability; mean, median, mode and standard deviation; random variables; distributions; uniform, normal, exponential, Poisson, binomial |
| Set theory and algebra: Sets; relations; functions; groups; partial orders; lattice; Boolean algebra |
| Combinatorics: Permutations; combinations; counting; summation; generating functions; recurrence relations; asymptotics |
| Graph theory: Connectivity; spanning trees; cut vertices and edges; covering; matching; independent sets; colouring; planarity; isomorphism |
| Linear algebra: Algebra of matrices, determinants, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors |
| Numerical methods: LU decomposition for systems of linear equations; numerical solutions of non linear algebraic equations by Secant, Bisection and Newton-Raphson methods; numerical integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rules |
| Calculus: Limit, continuity, and differentiability, mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, total derivatives, maxima and minima |
Formal languages and automata |
|---|
| Regular languages: Finite automata, regular expressions, regular grammar |
| Context free languages: Push down automata, context free grammars |
Computer hardware |
|---|
| Digital logic: Logic functions, minimization, design and synthesis of combinatorial and sequential circuits, number representation and computer arithmetic (fixed and floating point) |
| Computer organization: Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU and data path, hardwired and microprogrammed control, memory interface, I/O interface (interrupt and DMA mode), serial communication interface, instruction pipelining, cache |
| Computer organization: Main and secondary storage |
Software systems |
|---|
| Data structures and algorithms : The notion of abstract data types, stack, queue, list, set, string, tree, binary search tree, heap, graph, tree and graph traversals, connected components, spanning trees, shortest paths, hashing, sorting, searching |
| Data structures and algorithms : Design techniques (greedy, dynamic, divide and conquer), asymptotic analysis (best, worst, average cases) of time and space, upper and lower bounds, intractability |
| Programming methodology: C programming, program control (iteration, recursion, functions), scope, binding, parameter passing, elementary concepts of object-oriented programming |
| Operating systems (in the context of Unix): Classical concepts (concurrency, synchronization, deadlock), processes, threads and interprocess communication, CPU scheduling, memory management, file systems, I/O systems, protection and security |
| Information systems and software engineering: Information gathering, requirement and feasibility analysis, data flow diagrams, process specifications, input/output design, process life cycle, planning and managing the project, design, coding, testing |
| Information systems and software engineering: Implementation, maintenance. Databases: relational model, database design, integrity constraints, normal forms, query languages (SQL), file structures (sequential, indexed), b-trees |
| Information systems and software engineering: Databases-transaction and concurrency control |
| Data communication: Data encoding and transmission, data link control, multiplexing, packet switching, LAN architecture, LAN systems (ethernet, token ring), network devices: Switches, gateways, routers |
| Network: ISO/OSI stack, sliding window protocols, routing protocols, TCP/UDP, application layer protocols and systems (http, smtp, dns, ftp), network security |
| Web technologies: Three tier web-based architecture; JSP, ASP, J2EE, .NET systems; HTML, XML |
Engineering mathematics |
|---|
| Linear algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors |
| Calculus: Functions of single variable, limit, continuity, and differentiability, mean value theorems, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, total derivative, maxima and minima, gradient, divergence and curl |
| Calculus: Vector identities, directional derivatives, line, surface and volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss, and Green's theorems |
| Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms |
| Differential equations: Solutions of one-dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation |
| Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem, Taylor and Laurent series |
| Probability and statistics: Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode and standard deviation, random variables, Poisson, normal and binomial distributions |
| Numerical methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rule, single and multi-step methods for differential equations |
Structural engineering |
|---|
| Mechanics: Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams. Simple stress and strain relationship: Stress and strain in two dimensions, principal stresses, stress transformation, Mohr's circle |
| Mechanics: Simple bending theory, flexural and shear stresses, unsymmetrical bending, shear centre. Thin walled pressure vessels, uniform torsion, buckling of column, combined and direct bending stresses |
| Structural analysis: Analysis of statically determinate trusses, arches, beams, cables and frames, displacements in statically determinate structures and analysis of statically indeterminate structures by force/ energy methods |
| Structural analysis: Analysis by displacement methods (slope deflection and moment distribution methods), influence lines for determinate and indeterminate structures. Basic concepts of matrix methods of structural analysis |
| Concrete structures: Concrete technology-properties of concrete, basics of mix design. Concrete design-basic working stress and limit state design concepts, analysis of ultimate load capacity and design of members subjected to flexure, shear |
| Concrete structures: Concrete design-compression and torsion by limit state methods. Basic elements of prestressed concrete, analysis of beam sections at transfer and service loads |
| Steel structures: Analysis and design of tension and compression members, beams and beam columns, column bases. Connections-simple and eccentric, beam-column connections, plate girders and trusses. Plastic analysis of beams and frames |
Geotechnical engineering |
|---|
| Soil mechanics: Origin of soils, soil classification, three-phase system, fundamental definitions, relationship and interrelationships, permeability and seepage, effective stress principle, consolidation, compaction, shear strength |
| Foundation engineering: Sub-surface investigations-scope, drilling bore holes, sampling, penetration tests, plate load test. Earth pressure theories, effect of water table, layered soils. Stability of slopes-infinite slopes, finite slopes |
| Foundation engineering: Foundation types-foundation design requirements. Shallow foundations-bearing capacity, effect of shape, water table and other factors, stress distribution, settlement analysis in sands and clays |
| Foundation engineering: Deep foundations-pile types, dynamic and static formulae, load capacity of piles in sands and clays, negative skin friction |
Water resources engineering |
|---|
| Fluid mechanics and hydraulics: Properties of fluids, principle of conservation of mass, momentum, energy and corresponding equations, potential flow, applications of momentum and Bernoulli's equation, laminar and turbulent flow, flow in pipes |
| Fluid mechanics and hydraulics: Pipe networks. Concept of boundary layer and its growth. Uniform flow, critical flow and gradually varied flow in channels, specific energy concept, hydraulic jump |
| Fluid mechanics and hydraulics: Forces on immersed bodies, flow measurements in channels, tanks and pipes. Dimensional analysis and hydraulic modeling. Kinematics of flow, velocity triangles and specific speed of pumps and turbines |
| Hydrology: Hydrologic cycle, rainfall, evaporation, infiltration, stage discharge relationships, unit hydrographs, flood estimation, reservoir capacity, reservoir and channel routing. Well hydraulics |
| Hydrology: Irrigation-duty, delta, estimation of evapo-transpiration. Crop water requirements. Design of lined and unlined canals, waterways, head works, gravity dams and spillways. Design of weirs on permeable foundation |
| Hydrology: Types of irrigation system, irrigation methods. Water logging and drainage, sodic soils |
Environmental engineering |
|---|
| Water requirements: Quality standards, basic unit processes and operations for water treatment. Drinking water standards, water requirements, basic unit operations and unit processes for surface water treatment, distribution of water |
| Water requirements: Sewage and sewerage treatment, quantity and characteristics of wastewater. Primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment of wastewater, sludge disposal, effluent discharge standards |
| Water requirements: Domestic wastewater treatment, quantity of characteristics of domestic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment unit operations and unit processes of domestic wastewater, sludge disposal |
| Air pollution: Types of pollutants, their sources and impacts, air pollution meteorology, air pollution control, air quality standards and limits |
| Municipal solid wastes: Characteristics, generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes, engineered systems for solid waste management (reuse/ recycle, energy recovery, treatment and disposal) |
| Noise pollution: Impacts of noise, permissible limits of noise pollution, measurement of noise and control of noise pollution |
Transportation engineering |
|---|
| Highway planning: Geometric design of highways, testing and specifications of paving materials, design of flexible and rigid pavements |
| Traffic engineering: Traffic characteristics, theory of traffic flow, intersection design, traffic signs and signal design, highway capacity |
Surveying |
|---|
| Importance of surveying, principles and classifications, mapping concepts, coordinate system, map projections, measurements of distance and directions, leveling, theodolite traversing, plane table surveying, errors and adjustments, curves |
Highest CTC 82.89 LPA | 98% Placement | 160+ Recruiters | Top Recruiters: Amazon, Adobe, Google, D.E. Shaw, Morgan Stanley, Deloitte, SAP and Many more
The exam pattern of SAAT 2024 comprises of the mode in which exam will be conducted, the duration of the exam, marking scheme, the subjects and the questions that will be asked in each section.
SAAT B.Tech 2024 Exam Pattern
S. No. | Particular | Details |
1. | Mode of Exam | Online, offline |
2. | Medium of Exam | English |
3. | Marking Scheme | For every correct answer, the candidate will be given 4 marks and for every wrong answer, 1 mark will be deducted. |
4. | Duration of the Exam | Two Hours |
According to the exam pattern of SAAT B. Tech 2024, candidates will be asked questions from the following subjects:
• Mathematics
• Physics
• Chemistry
According to the exam pattern of SAAT BBA 2024, candidates will have to answer 120 questions. The duration of the exam is two hours. The exam was held in both online and offline modes and questions is asked in English.
SAAT BBA Exam Pattern 2024
S. No. | Section | Questions |
1 | General Knowledge/Current Affairs | 20 |
2 | Elementary Numerical Aptitude | 20 |
3 | English including comprehension | 20 |
4 | Logical Reasoning | 30 |
5 | Legal Aptitude/Legal Awareness | 30 |
According to the exam pattern of SAAT 2024 BA LLB, candidates will have to respond to 120 questions in two hours.
Exam Pattern of SAAT BA LLB 2024
S. No. | Section | Questions |
1 | English including comprehension | 20 |
2 | General Knowledge/Current Affairs | 20 |
3 | Elementary Numerical Aptitude | 20 |
4 | Legal Aptitude/Legal Awareness | 30 |
5 | Logical Reasoning | 30 |
The topics and the total number of questions that will be asked are mentioned in the exam pattern of SAAT BCA.
SAAT BCA Exam Pattern 2024
S. No. | Section | Questions |
1 | Legal Aptitude/Legal Awareness | 30 |
2 | Logical Reasoning | 30 |
3 | General Knowledge/Current Affairs | 20 |
4 | English including comprehension | 20 |
5 | Elementary Numerical Aptitude | 20 |
According to the exam pattern of SAAT BHMCT 2024, candidates will have to answer 120 questions in two hours. The medium of exam will be English.
BHMCT Exam Pattern 2024
S.No | Sections | Total Number of questions |
1. | Reasoning | 20 |
2. | Service Aptitude | 20 |
3. | General English | 20 |
4. | General Knowledge | 20 |
5. | General Science | 20 |
6. | Numerical Aptitude | 20 |
The university issues the SAAT 2024 admit card in online mode. Candidates who have completed the application process can download the SAAT admit card 2024 by entering their application number and date of birth in the login window. While downloading the SAAT admit card 2024, candidates should check and ensure that all the details mentioned in the card are correct. In any case where candidates find any kind of discrepancy in their SAAT admit card 2024, they are advised to contact the authorities immediately to get the card rectified as soon as possible. Candidates can find various details in the SAAT admit card 2024 such as their name, photograph, applied course, allotted exam centre, exam date and reporting time.
The admit card of SAAT 2024 will be issued on the official website of the university. No candidates will be allowed to enter the exam centre without their SAAT 2024 admit card and other required ID proofs. Candidates are advised to preserve their SAAT admit card 2024 till the admission process is over.
| State | City |
|---|---|
| Odisha | Angul |
| Balasore | |
| Bargarh | |
| Baripada | |
| Bhawanipatna | |
| Balangir | |
| Bhadrak | |
| Bhubaneswar | |
| Cuttack | |
| Dhenkanal | |
| Jagatsinghpur | |
| Jajpur | |
| Jeypore | |
| Kendrapara | |
| Keonjhar | |
| Koraput | |
| Nayagarh | |
| Paradipa | |
| Phulbani | |
| Puri | |
| Rayagada | |
| Rourkela | |
| Sambalpur | |
| Sundergarh | |
| Berhampur | |
| Andhra Pradesh | Guntur |
| Vijayawada | |
| Visakhapatnam | |
| Assam | Guwahati |
| Bihar | Bhagalpur |
| Patna | |
| Chhattisgarh | Raipur |
| Delhi | New Delhi |
| Gujarat | Ahmedabad |
| Surat | |
| Haryana | Gurugram |
| Himachal Pradesh | Shimla |
| Jammu and Kashmir | Srinagar |
| Jharkhand | Ranchi |
| Kerala | Thiruvananthapuram |
| Karnataka | Bangalore |
| Madhya Pradesh | Bhopal |
| Indore | |
| Maharashtra | Mumbai City |
| Pune | |
| Manipur | Mayang Imphal |
| Meghalaya | Shillong |
| Nagaland | Dimapur |
| Punjab | Chandigarh |
| Rajasthan | Jaipur |
| Kota | |
| Sikkim | Gangtok |
| Tamil Nadu | Chennai |
| Telangana | Hyderabad |
| Tripura | Agartala |
| Uttar Pradesh | Allahabad |
| Lucknow | |
| Noida | |
| Uttarakhand | Dehradun |
| West Bengal | Durgapur |
| Kolkata | |
| Siliguri |
The university will announce the SAAT entrance result 2024 on its official website. The university will also release the rank card of SAAT 2024 along with the result for other courses. Candidates who have appeared in the SAAT exam can check the SAAT 2024 result by entering their application number in the login window. They can also download the rank card of SAAT 2024 by using their application number. It must be noted that the SAAT exam result is published in the form of a merit list.
The SOA University prepares the SAAT merit list based on the marks scored by candidates in the entrance exam. The SAAT selection is based on the rank obtained in the entranc etest as well as the availability of seats. The SOA publishes separate merit list for programmes such as B.Tech/ B.Pharm and B.Sc Agriculture/ MCA/ BHMCT, etc. The SAAT rank list 2024 can be checked by visiting the official website - admission.soa.ac.in.
Mode of Counselling: Offline
Candidates who have qualified the SAAT exam are required to attend the SAAT counselling 2024. The counselling process of SAAT entrance 2024 consists of various stages such as registration, choice filling, seat allotment, document verification, etc. Candidates can choose their preference in order of their priority and lock their choices: based on which the SAAT allotment list will be published. Shortlisted candidates will receive the seat allotment letter. In the last stage of the counselling of SAAT exam 2024, candidates are required to take part in the document verification process at the assigned centre and confirm their admission by paying the SAAT admission fees.
Here is the counselling fees of SAAT exam. Applicants are required to make the payment in order to secure their SAAT admission.
| Particular | Fees (in INR) | Type |
| SAAT counselling fees | 1000/- | One time and non-refundable |
| SAAT Admission fees | 4000/- | |
| SAAT caution money | 5000/- |
| State | City |
|---|---|
| Odisha | Bhubaneshwar |
| Validity of Exam Result: | For 1 Year |
| Mode of Exam: | Online and Offline |
| Contacts: | 6742350635 |
| +2 More | |
| Relevant Links: | Official Website Link Click Here |
| +2 More |
Answer:
Candidates are not required to pay any application fees for SAAT exam 2024, as it is free for everyone.
Answer:
Candidates are required to secure at last 45% marks in order to qualify for the SAAT 2024 entrance exam.
Answer:
The SAAT entrance test is conducted for admission to a number of undergraduate and postgraduate programmes at the Siksha "O" Anusandhan.
Answer:
Candidates can download the admit card of SAAT exam 2024 by visiting the official website - admission.soa.ac.in and entering their login credentials.
Answer:
The SAAT exam full marks is 120 marks.
Answer:
The Siksha 'O' Anusandhan is the conducting body of the SAAT examination 2024.
Answer:
The Official website of SAAT exam is admission.soa.ac.in.
Answer:
The SAAT entrance exam 2024 dates are April 20 to 28.
Answer:
The application form of SAAT 2024 exam was released on December 31, 2023 in online mode.
Answer:
No. SAAT 2024 exam is not necessary for getting admission into Siksha O Anusandhan University. If the candidate has given any other national level entrance exam instead of the SAAT exam, then those scores will be considered for the admissions.
Answer:
SAAT is conducted for admission of the aspirants to various undergraduate courses offered by Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University.
Answer:
No, candidates must fill out the SAAT 2024 application form in online mode.
Answer:
There will be a total of 120 questions in SAAT entrance 2024 and 120 minutes will be given to solve the questions.
Answer:
The full form of SAAT is Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Admission Test.
Answer:
As per the SAAT eligibility criteria, candidates who have passed Class 12 or equivalent with Physics, Mathematics as compulsory subjects, and Chemistry/Bio-Technology/Computer Science/Biology/Electronics as optional subjects with English as one of the languages of study can apply.
Hello,
Hope you are doing great.
The Ganges River, commonly known as the Ganga, is a river situated in northern India, flowing towards the border with Bangladesh. Spanning approximately 1,569 miles (2,525 km), it holds the distinction of being the longest river in India, originating in the Himalayan Mountains and ultimately reaching the Bay of Bengal.
Hope this helps!!
The result of SAAT 2018 was declared on May 3 in online mode.
For reference, you can go through the below link -
https://engineering.careers360.com/articles/saat
Good Luck!!!
According to the SAAT marking scheme, there is negative marking in SAAT exam. Applicant will receive 4 marks for every correct answer whereas there will be deduction of 1 mark for each wrong answer, i.e., candidate will lose 1 mark for every incorrect answers.
SAAT exam will be conducted in online and offline mode.
6742350635
6742350791
+918260501302
Regular exam updates, QnA, Predictors, College Applications & E-books now on your Mobile