• Engineering and Architecture
  • Management and Business Administration
  • Medicine and Allied Sciences
  • Law
  • Animation and Design
  • Media, Mass Communication and Journalism
  • Finance & Accounts
  • Computer Application and IT
  • Pharmacy
  • Hospitality and Tourism
  • Competition
  • School
  • Study Abroad
  • Arts, Commerce & Sciences
  • Learn
  • Online Courses and Certifications
Mitosis - Equational Division: Stages, Overview & Importance

Mitosis - Equational Division: Stages, Overview & Importance

Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on Jul 02, 2025 05:56 PM IST

Mitosis Definition

Mitosis is the process of cell division by which one cell, called the mother cell, becomes two daughter cells; the newly developed cells are identical to the parent cell and contain identical numbers of chromosomes. It plays a very essential role in developing, growing, and repairing tissues in multi-celled organisms.

This Story also Contains
  1. Mitosis Definition
  2. What is Mitosis?
  3. The Cell Cycle
  4. Overview of Mitosis
  5. Phases of Mitosis
  6. Cytokinesis
  7. Regulation of Mitosis
  8. Significance of Mitosis
  9. Recommended video on Mitosis
  10. Practical Applications and Importance
  11. Conclusion
Mitosis - Equational Division: Stages, Overview & Importance
Mitosis - Equational Division: Stages, Overview & Importance

What is Mitosis?

Mitosis is the basis of cell division in organisms with more than one cell, and in it, the continuity of the genes. In mitosis, one cell doubles and then splits to form two daughter cells which are genetically identical and contain the exact number of chromosomes as the parent cell. The whole process is subdivided into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, after which cytokinesis ensues. Mitosis allows for growth, development, and tissue repair; it enables an organism to replace damaged or dead cells and increase its population of cells while maintaining genetic stability.


A process of division in which a parent cell divides to produce either two or more daughter cells is called cell division. There are two types of cell division, mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, there are two genetically identical daughter cells produced from one parent cell. On the other hand, in Meiosis cells are genetically varied and the number of chromosomes becomes half what this number was in the parent cell.

Mitosis allows the growth of the organism. Injuries or wear and tear require mitosis, during which dead or damaged cells are replaced by new ones that are generally similar in every respect. Due to this controlled process of cell division, the health and function of an organism are sustained.

The Cell Cycle

  • The cell cycle is a series of stages that occur so that the cell can grow and then divide.

  • It contains four major phases:

  • G1 (Gap 1) which is marked by cell growth and preparation of the DNA for synthesis.

  • S (Synthesis), alignment of replication of DNA;

  • G2 (Gap 2), growth continuation and preparation for mitosis; and

  • M (Mitosis), where the cell divides duplicated chromosomes into two sets, yielding two daughter cells.

  • The M phase or phase of mitosis is further divided into four other sub-phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase upon completion of which is cytokinesis.

  • This phase is essential for the daughter cells to get a real and full set of chromosomes so that genetic regularity is kept in cells.

NEET Highest Scoring Chapters & Topics
Know Most Scoring Concepts in NEET 2024 Based on Previous Year Analysis.
Know More

Overview of Mitosis

Mitosis is that stage of cells where a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells with the exact number of chromosomes as the parent cell. The main objective of mitosis is to accommodate growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms. Unlike meiosis, which results in four genetically varied daughter cells with half the chromosome number of the parent cell, mitosis is the process vital to the structure and function maintenance of the living organism

Phases of Mitosis

1. Prophase:

  • During this stage the chromatin condenses and the chromosomes are visible.

  • The nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope fragments.

  • With the disappearance of the nuclear membrane, the centrioles migrate to the opposite end and the spindle formation occurs.

  • Till prophase, the chromosomes have no particular orientation because the spindle has not yet formed.

  • During late prophase or prometaphase, kinetochores appear on each side of the centromere.

  • The sister chromatids are attached to the so-called kinetochore spindle fibres with the help of kinetochore.


2. Metaphase:

  • Chromosomes become fully condensed and distinct.

  • Chromosomes move towards the equatorial plane of spindles or metaphase plates.

  • Chromosomes are arranged with their arms directed towards the pole and centromere towards the equator.


3. Anaphase:

  • The centromere splits and the two chromatids of the duplicated chromosomes separate from each other.

  • Each chromatid now becomes a daughter chromosome.

  • Daughter chromosomes, each with a centromere and single chromatid appear to move toward opposite poles.

  • Anaphase is the shortest phase of mitosis.

4. Telophase:

  • During this phase, the spindle disappears and new nuclear envelopes develop around the daughter chromosomes.

  • Each daughter nucleus contains the same number and kinds of chromosomes as the original parent cell.

  • The chromosomes become diffuse chromatin and nucleolus reappears.

  • It is followed by the division of the cytoplasm

The below diagram shows the different phases of mitosis.

Cytokinesis

  • In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs through the formation of the cleavage furrow.

  • The cleavage furrow represents the indentation of the membrane between the two daughter nuclei.

  • In plant cells, a rigid cell wall prevents the furrow formation.

  • Therefore, a new cell wall is formed between the daughter nuclei to complete the cytokinesis in plant cells.

Regulation of Mitosis

Several checkpoints and regulatory proteins largely explain how the mitotic process is controlled. These ensure that the process of cellular division during mitosis is carried out accurately. Key checkpoints include the G1/S checkpoint, the G2/M checkpoint, and the spindle assembly checkpoint, in which the preparation for cellular division is measured and ensured at a proceeding stage. Molecular regulators, such as the cyclins and the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are central to the checkpoints and the regulation and fidelity of those checkpoints. They regulate genomic stability and prevent mutation so that each one of the daughter cells will have the correct number of chromosomes and, therefore, the integrity of the genetic information of the organism.

Significance of Mitosis

  • Mitosis results in the development of multicellular organisms, as they begin their life in the form of a unicellular zygote. It undergoes divisions to form a multicellular embryo that gives rise to a whole organism.

  • In multicellular organisms, mitosis helps in growth and repair.

  • In unicellular organisms, mitosis results in cell division.

  • Mitosis is essential to maintain the nucleocytoplasmic ratio.

Recommended video on Mitosis


Practical Applications and Importance

Cancer is a group of diseases defined by the fact that cells in the body divide and do not stop dividing maliciously. Thus, an understanding of mitosis contributes to the development of targeted therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiation, which control cell division in a cancer cell. Recent progress in research and development has opened possibilities for finding more research on mitotic inhibitors used in the discovery of precision medicine approaches. Mitosis knowledge is important to regenerative medicine and in general to stem cell research, fostering hope for repairing damaged tissues and treating degenerative diseases.

Conclusion

Mitosis is an equational division process aimed at providing two daughter cells genetically similar to the parent cell. Mitosis cell division, therefore, plays fundamental roles in cell biology, based mainly on growth, repair of tissues, and asexual reproduction. The process is essential to the genetic integrity of cells. An understanding of this concept is important in the development concerning health, the process of disease treatment and research.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is mitosis in simple terms?

Mitosis is defined as a process in cells where a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.

2. Why is mitosis called equational division?

It is known as equational division because it divides into two identical daughter cells with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell.

3. How many phases are there in mitosis?

There are four main phases in mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

4. What is prophase?

 Prophase is the initial phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense, the mitotic spindle forms and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

5. What is the importance of mitosis?

 Mitosis is important for growth, tissue repair, and maintaining genetic consistency in an organism.

6. What happens in metaphase?

In metaphase, chromosomes align at the metaphase plate, and spindle fibres attach to their centromeres, ensuring correct segregation.

7. How does cytokinesis differ in animal and plant cells?
In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs through a process called cleavage, where the cell membrane pinches inward to divide the cytoplasm. In plant cells, a cell plate forms at the center of the cell and grows outward to create a new cell wall between the daughter cells.
8. What is the difference between karyokinesis and cytokinesis?
Karyokinesis refers to the division of the nucleus during mitosis, including the separation of genetic material. Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, which typically occurs after karyokinesis, resulting in two separate daughter cells.
9. How do plant cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis?
In plant cells, vesicles containing cell wall materials accumulate along the cell's equator, forming a structure called the phragmoplast. These vesicles fuse to form the cell plate, which grows outward to meet the existing cell wall, creating two separate daughter cells.
10. What role do microtubules play in mitosis?
Microtubules are key components of the spindle apparatus. They form the spindle fibers that attach to chromosomes, align them at the metaphase plate, and separate them during anaphase. Microtubules also help in the organization of the cytoskeleton during cell division.
11. What happens to organelles during mitosis?
Most organelles are distributed randomly between daughter cells during mitosis. However, some organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts can divide and be equally distributed. The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus fragment during early mitosis and reform in the daughter cells.
12. What is the relationship between mitosis and cellular differentiation?
While mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells, the process of cellular differentiation can occur following mitosis. Environmental factors and epigenetic changes can influence gene expression in daughter cells, leading to different cell fates and specialization.
13. How does mitosis contribute to genetic variation in organisms?
While mitosis generally produces genetically identical daughter cells, it can contribute to genetic variation through rare events such as mitotic recombination or chromosome missegregation. These events can lead to genetic differences in somatic cells within an organism.
14. How does the cell ensure equal distribution of genetic material during mitosis?
The cell ensures equal distribution of genetic material through several mechanisms: DNA replication during S phase of interphase, chromosome condensation, alignment at the metaphase plate, and the precise separation of sister chromatids during anaphase.
15. How does the mitotic spindle form and what is its composition?
The mitotic spindle forms from microtubules originating from the centrosomes in animal cells or from the nuclear envelope in plant cells. It consists of three types of microtubules: kinetochore microtubules, polar microtubules, and astral microtubules (in animal cells).
16. How do kinetochores function during mitosis?
Kinetochores are protein structures that form on the centromeres of chromosomes. They serve as attachment points for spindle fibers and play a crucial role in chromosome movement and the spindle checkpoint, ensuring proper chromosome segregation.
17. What is the role of motor proteins in mitosis?
Motor proteins, such as kinesin and dynein, play crucial roles in mitosis by moving along microtubules. They help separate centrosomes, position the mitotic spindle, and contribute to chromosome movement during metaphase and anaphase.
18. How does chromosome condensation occur during prophase?
Chromosome condensation is facilitated by proteins called condensins. These proteins help to compact the long DNA molecules into shorter, thicker structures. This condensation is essential for the proper separation of genetic material during cell division.
19. What are the main stages of mitosis?
The main stages of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. These stages are preceded by interphase (part of the cell cycle) and followed by cytokinesis (cell division).
20. What happens to the nuclear envelope during mitosis?
The nuclear envelope breaks down during prophase and reforms during telophase. This allows the spindle fibers to access and separate the chromosomes during cell division.
21. How do chromosomes behave during prophase?
During prophase, chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope. Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids held together by a centromere. The nucleolus disappears, and the spindle fibers begin to form.
22. What is the significance of the metaphase plate?
The metaphase plate is an imaginary line at the equator of the cell where chromosomes align during metaphase. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell will receive one copy of each chromosome during anaphase.
23. How do spindle fibers function in mitosis?
Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes at their centromeres and help to align them at the metaphase plate. During anaphase, they contract to pull the sister chromatids apart and move them to opposite poles of the cell.
24. How does mitosis differ from meiosis?
Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid cells. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells and maintains the chromosome number, whereas meiosis occurs in germ cells and reduces the chromosome number by half.
25. How does mitosis contribute to growth and repair in multicellular organisms?
Mitosis allows for the production of new cells with identical genetic material, which is essential for growth, tissue repair, and replacement of worn-out cells in multicellular organisms. This process ensures the maintenance of genetic consistency throughout the organism.
26. How does mitosis differ in unicellular and multicellular organisms?
In unicellular organisms, mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction, producing two genetically identical individuals. In multicellular organisms, mitosis is primarily used for growth, development, and tissue repair, maintaining the organism's genetic consistency.
27. How does telomere shortening relate to the number of mitotic divisions a cell can undergo?
Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes that protect them from damage. With each mitotic division, telomeres shorten slightly. When telomeres become too short, cells typically stop dividing and enter senescence. This limits the number of divisions a cell can undergo.
28. What is anaphase lag and why is it problematic?
Anaphase lag occurs when a chromosome or chromatid fails to separate properly during anaphase and is not incorporated into either daughter nucleus. This can lead to aneuploidy (abnormal chromosome number) in daughter cells, potentially causing genetic disorders or contributing to cancer.
29. What triggers the transition from metaphase to anaphase?
The transition from metaphase to anaphase is triggered by the activation of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which degrades proteins holding the sister chromatids together. This allows the chromatids to separate and move to opposite poles.
30. What is the checkpoint between metaphase and anaphase, and why is it important?
The metaphase-to-anaphase checkpoint, also known as the spindle assembly checkpoint, ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle fibers before anaphase begins. This prevents chromosome missegregation and maintains genomic stability.
31. What is the G0 phase, and how does it relate to mitosis?
The G0 phase is a resting state where cells exit the cell cycle and stop dividing. Cells can remain in G0 indefinitely or re-enter the cell cycle when stimulated. This phase is important for regulating cell division and preventing uncontrolled growth.
32. What is the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in mitosis?
Cyclins and CDKs are proteins that regulate the progression of the cell cycle, including mitosis. Cyclins bind to CDKs to form active complexes that phosphorylate target proteins, triggering specific events in the cell cycle. Their levels fluctuate throughout the cycle to control its progression.
33. How do cancer cells differ from normal cells in terms of mitosis?
Cancer cells often have mutations that affect cell cycle regulation, leading to uncontrolled mitosis. They may ignore growth-inhibitory signals, evade programmed cell death (apoptosis), and continue dividing indefinitely, resulting in tumor formation.
34. What is the significance of sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis?
Sister chromatid cohesion, maintained by proteins called cohesins, keeps the replicated chromosomes together until anaphase. This ensures that each daughter cell receives one copy of each chromosome, maintaining genetic stability.
35. How does mitosis maintain genetic stability in organisms?
Mitosis maintains genetic stability by ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the parent cell's genetic material. This is achieved through DNA replication, chromosome condensation, alignment, and separation, as well as various checkpoints throughout the process.
36. What is the significance of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition?
The metaphase-to-anaphase transition is a critical point in mitosis where the cell commits to dividing. It involves the activation of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which triggers the separation of sister chromatids and the progression to anaphase.
37. What is the significance of the centrosome in animal cell mitosis?
The centrosome is the main microtubule-organizing center in animal cells. It duplicates during S phase and the two centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell during prophase, organizing the mitotic spindle. This helps ensure proper chromosome segregation.
38. What is the spindle assembly checkpoint, and why is it important?
The spindle assembly checkpoint is a cellular mechanism that ensures all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle fibers before anaphase begins. It prevents chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy, maintaining genomic stability.
39. Why is interphase important for mitosis?
Interphase is crucial for mitosis because it's when the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for division. Without proper preparation during interphase, mitosis cannot proceed successfully.
40. How does mitosis differ in rapidly dividing cells compared to slowly dividing cells?
Rapidly dividing cells often have shorter G1 and G2 phases, spending more time in S phase and mitosis. Slowly dividing cells may spend extended periods in G1 or enter the G0 phase. The duration of mitosis itself is generally consistent across cell types.
41. How does the cell cycle checkpoint system relate to mitosis?
The cell cycle checkpoint system ensures that cells progress through the cell cycle, including mitosis, only when certain conditions are met. Key checkpoints include the G2/M checkpoint (before entering mitosis) and the spindle assembly checkpoint (during mitosis).
42. How do cells ensure that DNA replication is completed before entering mitosis?
Cells use checkpoint mechanisms, particularly the G2/M checkpoint, to ensure DNA replication is complete before entering mitosis. This checkpoint detects unreplicated DNA and prevents cell cycle progression until replication is finished.
43. How do environmental factors influence mitotic rate and fidelity?
Environmental factors such as temperature, pH, nutrient availability, and the presence of toxins can affect mitotic rate and fidelity. These factors can influence enzyme activity, protein stability, and cellular metabolism, potentially leading to changes in cell cycle progression or errors in chromosome segregation.
44. What is mitosis and why is it called equational division?
Mitosis is a type of cell division where a parent cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells. It's called equational division because the genetic material is equally distributed between the daughter cells, resulting in the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell.
45. What is the significance of centromere positioning on chromosomes during mitosis?
The position of the centromere on a chromosome determines its shape and movement during mitosis. It serves as the attachment point for spindle fibers and plays a crucial role in ensuring proper chromosome segregation.
46. What is mitotic catastrophe and when can it occur?
Mitotic catastrophe is a type of cell death that occurs when cells fail to complete mitosis properly. It can be triggered by DNA damage, spindle assembly defects, or chromosome segregation errors, and serves as a safeguard against the proliferation of genetically unstable cells.
47. How do chromosomal aberrations affect mitosis?
Chromosomal aberrations, such as translocations, deletions, or duplications, can interfere with proper chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis. This can lead to aneuploidy, cell cycle arrest, or mitotic catastrophe.
48. What is the significance of chromosome territories in the context of mitosis?
Chromosome territories refer to the distinct regions occupied by each chromosome in the nucleus. During mitosis, these territories are disrupted as chromosomes condense and align at the metaphase plate. The re-establishment of chromosome territories in daughter cells is important for proper gene regulation.
49. How do cells regulate the timing of mitosis?
Cells regulate the timing of mitosis through a complex network of proteins, including cyclins and CDKs. Environmental factors, growth factors, and internal checkpoints also play roles in determining when a cell will enter mitosis.
50. What is the role of phosphorylation in regulating mitosis?
Phosphorylation, the addition of phosphate groups to proteins, is a key mechanism for regulating mitosis. It can activate or inactivate proteins involved in cell cycle progression, chromosome condensation, nuclear envelope breakdown, and spindle formation.
51. How do microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) contribute to mitosis?
Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) help regulate the dynamics of microtubules during mitosis. They can stabilize or destabilize microtubules, control their growth and shrinkage, and facilitate interactions between microtubules and other cellular structures.
52. What is the role of proteolysis in mitotic progression?
Proteolysis, the breakdown of proteins, is crucial for mitotic progression. The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) targets specific proteins for degradation, including those responsible for sister chromatid cohesion, allowing the cell to progress from metaphase to anaphase.
53. What is the role of histone modifications during mitosis?
Histone modifications play important roles in chromosome condensation and gene regulation during mitosis. Some modifications are removed or altered as chromosomes condense, while others are maintained to ensure proper gene expression patterns in daughter cells.
54. How do cells coordinate nuclear and cytoplasmic division during mitosis?
Cells coordinate nuclear and cytoplasmic division through a complex network of signaling pathways. The completion of nuclear division (karyokinesis) triggers cytokinesis, often through the action of proteins like RhoA, which stimulates the formation of the contractile ring in animal cells.
55. What is mitotic slippage and why is it a concern in cancer treatment?
Mitotic slippage occurs when cells exit mitosis without properly dividing, often due to prolonged activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint. This can lead to the formation of tetraploid cells and is a concern in cancer treatment as it may contribute to drug resistance and genetic instability.
56. How does the orientation of the mitotic spindle affect cell fate in developmental processes?
The orientation of the mitotic spindle can determine the plane of cell division, which is crucial in developmental processes. It can influence whether daughter cells remain in the same layer or move to different layers, affecting tissue organization and cell fate determination.

Also Read

Difference Between Mitosis And Meiosis: Overview, Diagram

02 Jul'25 05:59 PM

Meiosis ll : Reduction Cell Division: Stages & Diagram

02 Jul'25 05:59 PM

Meiosis I : Reductional Cell Division: Stages, Overview & Importance

02 Jul'25 05:59 PM

Mitosis - Equational Division: Stages, Overview & Importance

02 Jul'25 05:56 PM

Cell Cycle: Definition, Phases, Examples, Diagram, Functions, structure

02 Jul'25 05:56 PM

Cell Division: Definition, Stages, Diagram, Phases and FAQ

02 Jul'25 05:56 PM

Bacterial Cell Division: The Cycle of the Ring

02 Jul'25 05:12 PM

Articles

Popular Questions

Directions for question :

M/s Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited, one of the top four audit and accounting firms in the world with headquarters at London, UK, and with an operational presence in 153 countries, hires Management Trainees (MT) from all the premier management institutes of India thrice every year, in the months of January, May and September.

Each new group of Management Trainees (MT) have to go through a four month rigorous training schedule, after which they have to pass through a test consisting of a written assessment and a case-analysis. The top hundred ranked Management Trainees (MT) based on the performance in the test are confirmed as Management Executives (ME). The rest are given the opportunity of undergoing the training for four months one more time along with the next batch of Management Trainees (MT) and then passing through the subsequent test consisting of the written assessment and case-analysis. The Management Trainee (MT) who fails to get confirmed as a Management Executive (ME) the second time is fired.

The scatter-graph below depicts the number of Management Trainees (MT) at Deloitte taking the tests from January 2020 till May 2022, and the vis-à-vis hired Management Trainees (MT) at Deloitte who were fired :

It is also known that for the month of September 2019 at Deloitte, 96 hired Management Trainees (MT) failed to be confirmed as a Management Executive (ME) the first time, and that 36 hired Management Trainees (MT) were fired. 

Question :

In which test did the minimum number of Management Trainees (MT) get confirmed as a Management Executive (ME) in the second attempt ?

Option: 1

September 2020

 

 


Option: 2

May 2021


Option: 3

January 2021

 


Option: 4

January 2022 


Read More

Directions for question:

Two friends Moloy and Niloy passed out from the Purulia Institute of Science and Technology with B.Tech degrees in Mechanical Engineering, but even after a year placement was hard to find. So they decided to take the challenge head-on, came down to Kolkata, rented a garage space on Park Street, and having an affinity towards making people enjoy good food, started their firm named 'B.Tech Bread-Omlette Wala'. 

They started with three items on the menu. One was the French Toast which could be prepared in 3 minutes. The second was the Egg Tortillas which took 15 minutes to prepare. Any one of Moloy and Niloy could prepare any one of them at a time. The third was the Egg Bhurji with French Fries. This however was prepared on an automated fryer which could prepare 3 servings at a time and took 5 minutes irrespective of the number of servings equal to or below 3. The fryer did not need anyone to attend to it, and the time to put in the raw ingredients could be neglected. So one could tend to the preparation of other items while the Egg Bhurji with French Fries were being prepared. 

They wanted to serve the orders as early as possible after the order was given. The individual items in any order were served as and when all the items were ready, and the order was then considered closed. None of the items on the menu were prepared in advance in anticipation of future orders. 

On the first day, 3 groups of customers came in and ordered at 6.00 pm, 6.10 pm, and 6.13 pm. The first order was for a plate of Egg Tortillas, two plates of French Toast, and three plates of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. The second order was for a plate of French Toast and two plates of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. The third order was for a plate of Egg Tortilla and a plate of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. 

On the backdrop of the above information answer the questions given :

Question: 

Assuming that the next customer's order could only be attended to when the previous customer's order was closed, at what time would the first customer's order be considered closed ?

 

Option: 1

6.15 pm

 

 


Option: 2

6.17 pm

 


Option: 3

6.18 pm

 


Option: 4

6.20 pm


Read More

Directions for question :

Six sticks of equal lengths were kept in the vertical position in an empty flower-vase, to be arranged at the six corners of a regular hexagon. The two ends of each of the sticks were of different colours. 

The top ends of the sticks were one of each of the following colours – Red, Cyan, Pink, Brown, Black and Green. The bottom ends were one of each of the following colours – Blue, Yellow, White, Orange, Purple and Grey. Both the sets of colours mentioned were in no particular order.

It was also known that :

a) The stick with the red colour was opposite to the stick with the blue colour

b) There were exactly two sticks whose both ends had colours whose names started with the same letter

c) The stick with the grey colour was adjacent to the stick with the white colour

d) The stick with the cyan colour was adjacent to both the sticks with the brown colour and the one with the blue colour

e) The stick with the purple colour was adjacent to both the sticks with the grey colour and the one with the green colour

f) The stick with the white colour was opposite to the stick with the green colour

Question :

What was the colour of the bottom end of the stick having brown colour at the top end ?

Option: 1

 White 

 


Option: 2

Yellow 


Option: 3

Black

 


Option: 4

Grey


Read More

Directions for question:

Two friends Moloy and Niloy passed out from the Purulia Institute of Science and Technology with B.Tech degrees in Mechanical Engineering, but even after a year placement was hard to find. So they decided to take the challenge head-on, came down to Kolkata, rented a garage space on Park Street, and having an affinity towards making people enjoy good food, started their firm named 'B.Tech Bread-Omlette Wala'. 

They started with three items on the menu. One was the French Toast which could be prepared in 3 minutes. The second was the Egg Tortillas which took 15 minutes to prepare. Any one of Moloy and Niloy could prepare any one of them at a time. The third was the Egg Bhurji with French Fries. This however was prepared on an automated fryer which could prepare 3 servings at a time and took 5 minutes irrespective of the number of servings equal to or below 3. The fryer did not need anyone to attend to it, and the time to put in the raw ingredients could be neglected. So one could tend to the preparation of other items while the Egg Bhurji with French Fries were being prepared. 

They wanted to serve the orders as early as possible after the order was given. The individual items in any order were served as and when all the items were ready, and the order was then considered closed. None of the items on the menu were prepared in advance in anticipation of future orders. 

On the first day, 3 groups of customers came in and ordered at 6.00 pm, 6.10 pm, and 6.13 pm. The first order was for a plate of Egg Tortillas, two plates of French Toast, and three plates of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. The second order was for a plate of French Toast and two plates of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. The third order was for a plate of Egg Tortilla and a plate of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. 

On the backdrop of the above information answer the questions given :

Question: 

Assuming that the next customer's order could only be attended to when the previous customer's order was closed, at what time would the third customer's order be considered closed ?

 

Option: 1

6.28 pm

 


Option: 2

6.35 pm

 


Option: 3

6.38 pm


Option: 4

6.45 pm


Read More

Directions for question:

Two friends Moloy and Niloy passed out from the Purulia Institute of Science and Technology with B.Tech degrees in Mechanical Engineering, but even after a year placement was hard to find. So they decided to take the challenge head-on, came down to Kolkata, rented a garage space on Park Street, and having an affinity towards making people enjoy good food, started their firm named 'B.Tech Bread-Omlette Wala'. 

They started with three items on the menu. One was the French Toast which could be prepared in 3 minutes. The second was the Egg Tortillas which took 15 minutes to prepare. Any one of Moloy and Niloy could prepare any one of them at a time. The third was the Egg Bhurji with French Fries. This however was prepared on an automated fryer which could prepare 3 servings at a time and took 5 minutes irrespective of the number of servings equal to or below 3. The fryer did not need anyone to attend to it, and the time to put in the raw ingredients could be neglected. So one could tend to the preparation of other items while the Egg Bhurji with French Fries were being prepared. 

They wanted to serve the orders as early as possible after the order was given. The individual items in any order were served as and when all the items were ready, and the order was then considered closed. None of the items on the menu were prepared in advance in anticipation of future orders. 

On the first day, 3 groups of customers came in and ordered at 6.00 pm, 6.10 pm, and 6.13 pm. The first order was for a plate of Egg Tortillas, two plates of French Toast, and three plates of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. The second order was for a plate of French Toast and two plates of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. The third order was for a plate of Egg Tortilla and a plate of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. 

On the backdrop of the above information answer the questions given :

Question: 

Suppose Moloy and Niloy had decided to process multiple orders at the same time, however strictly prioritising a first come first serve basis, when would the second customer's order be considered closed ?

Option: 1

6.20 pm

 

 


Option: 2

6.18 pm


Option: 3

6.15 pm

 


Option: 4

6.12 pm


Read More

Directions for question:

Two friends Moloy and Niloy passed out from the Purulia Institute of Science and Technology with B.Tech degrees in Mechanical Engineering, but even after a year placement was hard to find. So they decided to take the challenge head-on, came down to Kolkata, rented a garage space on Park Street, and having an affinity towards making people enjoy good food, started their firm named 'B.Tech Bread-Omlette Wala'. 

They started with three items on the menu. One was the French Toast which could be prepared in 3 minutes. The second was the Egg Tortillas which took 15 minutes to prepare. Any one of Moloy and Niloy could prepare any one of them at a time. The third was the Egg Bhurji with French Fries. This however was prepared on an automated fryer which could prepare 3 servings at a time and took 5 minutes irrespective of the number of servings equal to or below 3. The fryer did not need anyone to attend to it, and the time to put in the raw ingredients could be neglected. So one could tend to the preparation of other items while the Egg Bhurji with French Fries were being prepared. 

They wanted to serve the orders as early as possible after the order was given. The individual items in any order were served as and when all the items were ready, and the order was then considered closed. None of the items on the menu were prepared in advance in anticipation of future orders. 

On the first day, 3 groups of customers came in and ordered at 6.00 pm, 6.10 pm, and 6.13 pm. The first order was for a plate of Egg Tortillas, two plates of French Toast, and three plates of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. The second order was for a plate of French Toast and two plates of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. The third order was for a plate of Egg Tortilla and a plate of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. 

On the backdrop of the above information answer the questions given :

Question: 

Suppose Moloy and Niloy had decided to process multiple orders at the same time, however strictly prioritising a first come first serve basis, when would the third customer's order be considered closed ?

 

Option: 1

6.22 pm

 


Option: 2

6.25 pm


Option: 3

6.28 pm 


Option: 4

6.30 pm


Read More

Directions for question:

Two friends Moloy and Niloy passed out from the Purulia Institute of Science and Technology with B.Tech degrees in Mechanical Engineering, but even after a year placement was hard to find. So they decided to take the challenge head-on, came down to Kolkata, rented a garage space on Park Street, and having an affinity towards making people enjoy good food, started their firm named 'B.Tech Bread-Omlette Wala'. 

They started with three items on the menu. One was the French Toast which could be prepared in 3 minutes. The second was the Egg Tortillas which took 15 minutes to prepare. Any one of Moloy and Niloy could prepare any one of them at a time. The third was the Egg Bhurji with French Fries. This however was prepared on an automated fryer which could prepare 3 servings at a time and took 5 minutes irrespective of the number of servings equal to or below 3. The fryer did not need anyone to attend to it, and the time to put in the raw ingredients could be neglected. So one could tend to the preparation of other items while the Egg Bhurji with French Fries were being prepared. 

They wanted to serve the orders as early as possible after the order was given. The individual items in any order were served as and when all the items were ready, and the order was then considered closed. None of the items on the menu were prepared in advance in anticipation of future orders. 

On the first day, 3 groups of customers came in and ordered at 6.00 pm, 6.10 pm, and 6.13 pm. The first order was for a plate of Egg Tortillas, two plates of French Toast, and three plates of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. The second order was for a plate of French Toast and two plates of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. The third order was for a plate of Egg Tortilla and a plate of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. 

On the backdrop of the above information answer the questions given :

Question: 

A fourth customer comes in and orders two plates of French Toast at 6.24 pm. Suppose Moloy and Niloy had decided to process multiple orders at the same time, however strictly prioritising a first come first serve basis. For exactly how many minutes would one of the friends be idle from 6.00 pm till serving the last customer, assuming that the four customers were the only ones to have come in within the period being discussed ?

Option: 1

9

 


Option: 2

13


Option: 3

18


Option: 4

21


Read More

Directions for question:

Two friends Moloy and Niloy passed out from the Purulia Institute of Science and Technology with B.Tech degrees in Mechanical Engineering, but even after a year placement was hard to find. So they decided to take the challenge head-on, came down to Kolkata, rented a garage space on Park Street, and having an affinity towards making people enjoy good food, started their firm named 'B.Tech Bread-Omlette Wala'. 

They started with three items on the menu. One was the French Toast which could be prepared in 3 minutes. The second was the Egg Tortillas which took 15 minutes to prepare. Any one of Moloy and Niloy could prepare any one of them at a time. The third was the Egg Bhurji with French Fries. This however was prepared on an automated fryer which could prepare 3 servings at a time and took 5 minutes irrespective of the number of servings equal to or below 3. The fryer did not need anyone to attend to it, and the time to put in the raw ingredients could be neglected. So one could tend to the preparation of other items while the Egg Bhurji with French Fries were being prepared. 

They wanted to serve the orders as early as possible after the order was given. The individual items in any order were served as and when all the items were ready, and the order was then considered closed. None of the items on the menu were prepared in advance in anticipation of future orders. 

On the first day, 3 groups of customers came in and ordered at 6.00 pm, 6.10 pm, and 6.13 pm. The first order was for a plate of Egg Tortillas, two plates of French Toast, and three plates of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. The second order was for a plate of French Toast and two plates of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. The third order was for a plate of Egg Tortilla and a plate of Egg Bhurji with French Fries. 

On the backdrop of the above information answer the questions given :

Question: 

Had Niloy been absent on that day, and assuming that the next customer's order could only be attended to when the previous customer's order was closed, at what time would the fourth customer's order (refer to the previous question) be considered closed ?

Option: 1

6:38 pm

 


Option: 2

6:42 pm

 


Option: 3

6:47 pm


Option: 4

6:49 pm


Read More

Directions for question:

The bar-graph given below shows the foreign exchange reserves of Nepal (in million Rupees) from 2014 to 2021. Answer the following questions based on the graph :

Question:

What was the percentage increase (rounded to the nearest integer, if deemed necessary) in the foreign exchange reserves in 2020 over 2016 ?

Option: 1 None

Option: 2 None

Option: 3 None

Option: 4 None

Read More

Directions for question:

The Jadavpur University’s Prince Anwar Shah Road hostel consists of two large separate buildings, one for the ladies and the other for the gents, while having a common kitchen and dining hall. It is the hostel of the CS and the EEC department of engineering students of the university.

In recognition of the growing dissatisfaction and hence complaints among the inmates of the hostel regarding the menu served for dinner, the Dean of the engineering department, Dr Aparesh Sanyal, personally decided to investigate the matter. He set about collecting information about the preference of dinner among the inmates, separately from the gents and the ladies wing of the hostel.

Dr Sanyal was able to gather the following partial information :  

 

Hostel inmates

Menu preference for dinner

Total

Egg Meal

Fish Meal

Chicken Meal

Gents

    

20

  

Ladies

      

64

Total

  

60

    

 

The Warden of the hostel was consulted, who after investigation declared that the following facts were clear :

1. Forty percent of the hostel inmates were ladies

2. One-third of the gentlemen inmates preferred an egg meal for dinner

3. Half the hostel inmates preferred either fish meal or chicken meal

Question:

What proportion of the lady hostel inmates preferred a fish meal for dinner ?

 

 

Option: 1

0.25

 

 


Option: 2

0.50

 


Option: 3

0.75

 


Option: 4

1.00 


Read More
Back to top