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HPCET 2023 Application form released. Direct link here!
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Get UpdatesHP CET 2024 - HPTU has concluded the HP CET 2024 registration process on the official website himtu.ac.in. Candidates were able to fill out the HP CET application form 2024 till April 25, 2024. The authority has announced HPCET 2024 exam date on the official website. HPCET exam 2024 will be held on May 10. The detailed notification regarding the Himachal Pradesh Common Entrance Test 2024 has been updated online. The HP CET 2024 application form was released on March 18, 2024.
Latest: HPCET Application Form 2024 Out- Apply Here
Also Check: HPCET 2024 preparation guide pdf
Also Check : Save up to ₹2000 on TOEFL, GRE & PTE
Candidates who have passed class 10+2 from a recognized board in a relevant subject with a minimum of 45% marks (40% marks for reserved candidates) can fill out the HPCET 2024 application form. To prepare for the Himachal Pradesh entrance exam, candidates must follow the HPTU syllabus. Moreover, candidates can check the HP CET exam pattern to understand the structure of the question paper.
HPTU initiated the HP CET 2024 registration process on March 18, 2024, with the registration link available on himtu.ac.in. The deadline for submitting the HPCET 2024 application form is April 18, 2024. Additionally, the HPTU has announced the HPCET 2024 exam date on May 10, 2024, and detailed notifications regarding the Himachal Pradesh Common Entrance Test 2024 are available online. Candidates eligible for the exam, having passed class 10+2 from a recognized board with a minimum of 45% marks (40% for reserved candidates), can fill out the application form. To prepare effectively, candidates should adhere to the HPTU syllabus and understand the HP CET exam pattern.
The full form of HPCET is the Himachal Pradesh Common Entrance Test. HPCET 2024 is conducted by Himachal Pradesh Technical University for admission to various UG and PG courses in the affiliated colleges/institutes and University schools & off-campuses. Candidates who fulfil the minimum eligibility conditions will be allowed to apply for the test. Admission to the participating institutes will be based on HPCET score.
| Full Exam Name | Himachal Pradesh Common Entrance Test |
| Short Exam Name | HPCET |
| Conducting Body | Himachal Pradesh Technical University |
| Frequency of Conduct | Once a year |
| Exam Level | State Level Exam |
| Languages | English |
| Mode of Counselling | Online / Offline |
| Participating Colleges | 35 |
| HPCET M.B.A - Duration | 2 Hours +1 More |
Upcoming Dates and Events
21 May, 2024 (Tentative)
Result | Mode: Online
Past Dates and Events
18 Mar, 2024 - 25 Apr, 2024
Application | Mode: Online
Applications for Admissions are open.
HPTU has released the HPCET 2024 eligibility criteria along with the official brochure. Candidates have to adhere to HPCET eligibility criteria 2024 which include parameters like age, qualifying exam, subject combination, nationality etc.
There are certain conditions and requirements that candidates are required to meet to be eligible for admission. Candidates will have to adhere to HPCET 2024 eligibility criteria which include parameters like age, qualifying exam, subject combination, nationality etc.
The eligibility criteria of HPCET 2024 will be prescribed by the university for candidates to fulfil it. Candidates will have to adhere to HPCET 2024 eligibility criteria which include parameters like age, qualifying exam, subject combination, nationality etc.
The eligibility criteria of HPCET 2024 will be prescribed by the university for candidates to fulfil it. Candidates had to adhere to HPCET 2024 eligibility criteria which include parameters like age, qualifying exam, subject combination, nationality etc.
The eligibility criteria of HPCET 2024 will be prescribed by the university for candidates to fulfil it. Candidates will have to adhere to the HPCET 2024 eligibility criteria which include parameters like age, qualifying exam, subject combination, nationality etc.
The eligibility criteria of HPCET 2024 will be released on the official website. Candidates have to adhere to HPCET 2024 eligibility criteria which include parameters like age, qualifying exam, subject combination, nationality etc.
For MCA, candidates need to have a recognized Bachelor’s degree of a minimum 3 years with Mathematics as a subject at 10+2 level or the Graduation level with a minimum 50% marks in the qualifying examination. (45% marks in case of reserved categories)
Mode of Application : Online
Mode of Payment : Credit Card | Debit Card | Other
HPTU released the HPCET 2024 application form at the official website, himtu.ac.in. The application form of HPCET 2024 is available in online mode. The HPCET application process comprises registration, form filling, uploading documents, and payment of application fee. Candidates who fulfil the Himachal Pradesh CET eligibility criteria can fill the HPCET application form. Below are the steps for filling out the application form.
Registration – Candidates have to register by providing their name, user name, date of birth, valid email address and mobile number. After entering all the details, a password will have to be created by the candidates. Upon successful registration, a unique form number will be generated and sent to the provided email id.
Filling of Details in Application Form – Candidates will be required to fill in their personal, academic and communication details, after logging in using the user name, password and application number.
Documents Uploading – After filling of all the details, candidates will have to upload the scanned images of their photograph and signature in the specifications as prescribed by the authorities.
Application Form Editing – Candidates will be able to edit their filled details in the application form (if necessary).
Fee Payment – Following this, candidates will have to pay the requisite application fee in online or offline mode. Online payment can be made through a credit card or debit card, however, offline payment can be made through PNB Challan.
Confirmation Page & Submission - After application fee payment, a PDF will be generated. This PDF will have to be mailed at himtuadmission @gmail.com or candidates can also choose to submit it personally at the office of the “Controller of Examinations Himachal Pradesh Technical University Hamirpur (H.P.)-177001” within a week after it was generated.
HPCET Application Fees
For SC/ ST/ BPL Candidates – Rs. 800
For Other Candidates – Rs. 1600
| Category | Quota | Mode | Gender | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SC, ST, EWS | Online, Offline | Female, Transgender, Male | ₹ 1400 | |
| General, OBC | Online, Offline | Female, Transgender, Male | ₹ 1550 |
Mode of Application : Online
Mode of Payment : Net Banking | Credit Card | Debit Card | Other
| Category | Quota | Mode | Gender | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General, OBC | Online, Offline | Female, Transgender, Male | ₹ 1550 | |
| SC, ST, EWS | Online, Offline | Female, Transgender, Male | ₹ 1400 |
Mode of Application : Online
Mode of Payment : Net Banking | Credit Card | Debit Card | Other
The application form of HPCET 2024 will be released by the university in online mode on the official university website and eligible aspirants can submit the forms before the last date. Candidates have to provide all the details required in the HPCET 2024 application form and submit it on or before the last date.
How to fill HPCET Application Form 2024?
Registration – Candidates had to register by providing their name, user name, date of birth, valid email address and mobile number. After entering all the details, a password has to be created by the candidates. Upon successful registration, a unique form number will be generated and sent to the provided email id.
Filling of Details in Application Form – Candidates will be required to fill in their personal, academic and communication details, after logging in using the user name, password and application number.
Documents Uploading – After filling of all the details, candidates need to upload the scanned images of their photograph and signature in the specifications as prescribed by the authorities.
Application Form Editing – Candidates will be able to edit their filled details in the application form (if necessary).
Fee Payment – Following this, candidates will have to pay the requisite application fee in online or offline mode. Online payment can be made through a credit card or debit card, however, offline payment can be made through PNB Challan.
Confirmation Page & Submission - After application fee payment, a PDF will be generated. This PDF has to be mailed at himtuadmission @gmail.com or candidates can also choose to submit it personally at the office of the “Controller of Examinations Himachal Pradesh Technical University Hamirpur (H.P.)-177001” within a week after it is generated.
HPCET Application Fees
For SC/ ST/ BPL Candidates – Rs. 1400
For Other Candidates – Rs. 1550
| Category | Quota | Mode | Gender | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General, OBC | Online, Offline | Female, Transgender, Male | ₹ 1550 | |
| SC, ST, EWS | Online, Offline | Female, Transgender, Male | ₹ 1400 |
Mode of Application : Online
Mode of Payment : Net Banking | Credit Card | Debit Card | Other
The application form of HPCET 2024 will be released by the university in online mode. Candidates will be needed to provide all the details required in the HPCET 2024 application form and submit it on or before the last date.
How to fill HPCET Application Form 2024?
Registration – Candidates will have to register by providing their name, user name, date of birth, valid email address and mobile number. After entering all the details, a password has to be created by the candidates. Upon successful registration, a unique form number will be generated and sent to the provided email id.
Filling of Details in Application Form – Candidates will be required to fill in their personal, academic and communication details, after logging in using the user name, password and application number.
Documents Uploading – After filling in all the details, candidates need to upload the scanned images of their photograph and signature in the specifications as prescribed by the authorities.
Application Form Editing – Candidates will be able to edit their filled details in the application form (if necessary).
Fee Payment – Following this, candidates will have to pay the requisite application fee in online or offline mode. Online payment can be made through a credit card or debit card, however, offline payment can be made through PNB Challan.
Confirmation Page & Submission - After application fee payment, a PDF will be generated. This PDF has to be mailed at himtuadmission @gmail.com or candidates can also choose to submit it personally at the office of the “Controller of Examinations Himachal Pradesh Technical University Hamirpur (H.P.)-177001” within a week after it is generated.
HPCET Application Fees
For SC/ ST/ BPL Candidates – Rs. 1400
For Other Candidates – Rs. 1550
| Category | Quota | Mode | Gender | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General, OBC | Online, Offline | Female, Transgender, Male | ₹ 1550 | |
| SC, ST, EWS | Online, Offline | Female, Transgender, Male | ₹ 1400 |
Mode of Application : Online
Mode of Payment : Net Banking | Credit Card | Debit Card | Other
The application form of HPCET 2024 will be released by the university in online mode. Candidates have to provide all the details required in the HPCET 2024 application form and submit it on or before the last date.
How to fill HPCET Application Form 2024?
Registration – Candidates have to register by providing their name, user name, date of birth, valid email address and mobile number. After entering all the details, a password has to be created by the candidates. Upon successful registration, a unique form number will be generated and sent to the provided email id.
Filling of Details in Application Form – Candidates are required to fill in their personal, academic and communication details, after logging in using the user name, password and application number.
Documents Uploading – After filling of all the details, candidates need to upload the scanned images of their photograph and signature in the specifications as prescribed by the authorities.
Application Form Editing – Candidates will be able to edit their filled details in the application form (if necessary).
Fee Payment – Following this, candidates have to pay the requisite application fee in online or offline mode. Online payment can be made through a credit card or debit card, however, offline payment can be made through PNB Challan.
Confirmation Page & Submission - After application fee payment, a PDF will be generated. This PDF has to be mailed at himtuadmission@gmail.com or candidates can also choose to submit it personally at the office of the “Controller of Examinations Himachal Pradesh Technical University Hamirpur (H.P.)-177001” within a week after it is generated.
HPCET Application Fees
For SC/ ST/ BPL Candidates – Rs. 1400
For Other Candidates – Rs. 1550
| Category | Quota | Mode | Gender | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General, OBC | Online, Offline | Female, Transgender, Male | ₹ 1550 | |
| SC, ST, EWS | Online, Offline | Female, Transgender, Male | ₹ 1400 |
Sets, relations, and functions |
|---|
| Sets and their representation; union, intersection and complement of sets and their algebric properties; power set; relation, types of relations, equivalence relations, functions; one-one, into and onto functions, composition of functions |
Complex numbers and quadratic equations |
|---|
| Complex numbers as ordered pair of reals, representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib and their repesentation in a plane, Argand diagram, algebra of complex numbers, modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number |
| Square root of a complex number, triangle inequlity, quadratic equations in real and complex number system and thier solutions |
| Relation between roots and co-efficients, nature of roots, formation of quadratic equations with given roots |
Matrices and determinants |
|---|
| Matrices, algebra of matrices, types of matrices, determination of matrices of order two and three |
| Properties of determinants, evaluation of determinants, area of triangle using determinants |
| Adjoint and evaluation of inverse of a square matrix using determinants and elementary transformations, test of consistency and solution of simutaneous liner equations in two or three variables using determinants and matrices |
Permutations and combinations |
|---|
| Fundamental principle of counting, permutation as an arrangment and combination as selection, meaning of P (n, r) and C (n,r) simple applications |
Mathematical induction |
|---|
| Principle of mathematical induction and its simple applications |
Binomial theorem and its simple applications |
|---|
| Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, general term, properties of binomial coefficients and simple applications |
Sequences and series |
|---|
| Arithematic and geometric progressions, insertion of arithematic, geomatric means between two given numbers |
| Relation between A.M. and G.M. |
| Sum upto n terms of special series: Sn, Sn, Sn |
| Arithomatico-geometric progression |
Limit, countinity, and differentiability |
|---|
| Real-valued functions, algebra of functions, polynomials, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions, inverse function |
| Graphs of simple functions |
| Limits, continuity, and differentiability |
| Differentiation of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions |
| Differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric logarithmic, exponential, composite and implicit functions; derivatives of order upto two |
| Rolle's and Lagrange's mean value theorems |
| Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of quantities, monotonic-increasing and decreasing functions, maxima and minima of functions of the variable, tangent and normals |
Integral calculus |
|---|
| Integral as an anti-derivative |
| Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trignometric, expanential and logarithmic functions |
| Integration by substitution, by parts, and by partial fractions |
| Integration using trigonometric identities |
| Evaluation of simple integrals of the type- ∫dx/ x²±a², ∫dx/ √x²±a², ∫dx/ a²-x², ∫dx/ √ a²-x², ∫dx/ ax²+bx + c, ∫dx/ √ ax²+bx+c, ∫ (px+q)dx/ ax²+bx+c, ∫ (px+q)dx/ √ax²+b+xc, ∫ √ a²±x² dx, ∫ √ x²–a² dx |
| Integral as limit of a sum |
| Fundamental theorem of calculus |
| Properties of definite integrals |
| Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves in standard form |
Differential equations |
|---|
| Ordinary differential equations, their order and degree |
| Formation of differential equations |
| Solution of differential equations by the method of seperation of variables, solutions of homogeneous and linear differential equations of the type: dy/ dx+ p(x) y = q(x) |
Coordinate geometry |
|---|
| Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in a plane, distance formula, section formula, locus and its equation, translation of axes, slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the coordinates axes |
| Straight lines: Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines, distance of a point from a line, equation of internal and external bisectors of angles between two lines |
| Straight lines: Coordinates of centroid, orthocentre and circumcentre of a triangle, equation of family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines |
| Circles, conic sections: Standard form of equation of a circle, general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and centre, equation of a circle when the end points of a diameter are given |
| Circles, conic sections: Points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and condition for a line to be tangent to a circle, equation of the tangent |
| Circles, conic sections: Sections of a cones, equations of a conic sections (parabola, ellipse and hyperbola) in a standard forms, condition for y = mx+c to be tangent and point (s) of tangency |
Three dimensional geometry |
|---|
| Coordinates of a point in space, distance between two points, section formula, direction ratios and direction cosines, angle between two intersecting lines |
| Skew lines, the shortest distance between then and its equations |
| Equations of a line and a plane in different forms, intersection of a line and a plane, coplanar lines |
Vector algebra |
|---|
| Vectors and scalars, addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three dimensional space, scalar and vector products, scalar and vector triple product |
Statistics and probability |
|---|
| Measures of dispersion: Calculation of mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data calculation of standard deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data |
| Probability: Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, Bayes’ theorem, probability distribution of a random variate, Brenoulli trials and binomial distribution |
Trigonometry |
|---|
| Trigonometrical identities and equations |
| Trignometrical functions |
| Inverse trigonometrical functions and their properties |
| Heights and distances |
Mathematical reasoning |
|---|
| Statements, logical operations and, or, implies, implies by, if and only if |
| Understanding of tautology, contradiction, converse and contrapositive |
Physics and measurement |
|---|
| Physics, technology and society, SI units, fundamental and derived units |
| Least count, accuracy and precision of measuring instruments, errors in measurement, dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications |
Kinematics |
|---|
| Frame of reference |
| Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed and velocity |
| Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, releations for uniformly accelerated motion |
| Scalars and vectors, vector addition and subraction, zero vector, scalar and vector products, unit vector, resolution of a vector |
| Relative velocity, motion in a plane, projectile motion, uniform circular motion |
Laws of motion |
|---|
| Force and inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum, Newton's second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion |
| Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, equilibrium of concurrent forces |
| Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction |
| Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications |
Work, energy, and power |
|---|
| Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work energy theorem, power |
| Potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and nonconservative forces; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions |
Rotational motion |
|---|
| Centre of mass of a two-particle system, centre of mass of a rigid body; basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications; moments of inertia, radius of gyration |
| Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications |
| Rigid body rotation, equations of rotational motion |
Gravitation |
|---|
| The universal law of graviation |
| Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth |
| Kepler's laws of planetary motion |
| Gravitational potential engery; gravitational potential |
| Escape velocity |
| Orbital velocity of a satellite |
| Geostationary satellities |
Properties of solids and liquids |
|---|
| Elastic behaviour, stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity |
| Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications |
| Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, stream line and turbulent flow, Reynolds number |
| Bernoulli's principle and its applications |
| Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension-drops, bubbles and capillary rise |
| Heat temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat |
| Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, Newton's law of cooling |
Thermodynamics |
|---|
| Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature |
| Heat, work, and internal energy |
| First law of thermodynamics |
| Second law of thermodynamics: Reversible and irreversible process |
| Carnot engine and its efficiency |
Kinetic theory of gases |
|---|
| Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas |
| Kinetic theory of gases-assumptions, concept of pressure |
| Kinetic energy and temperature: RMS speed of a gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases; mean free path, Avogadro's number |
Oscillations and waves |
|---|
| Periodic motion-period, frequency, displacement as a function of time |
| Periodic functions |
| Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equations; phase; oscillations of a spring-restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M.-kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum-derivation of expression for its time period; |
| Free, forced and damped oscillations, resonance |
| Wave motion |
| Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave |
| Displacement relation for a progressive wave |
| Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of wave, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, beats, doppler effect in sound |
Electrostatics |
|---|
| Electric charge: Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charge; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution |
| Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field |
| Electric flux, Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straigth wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell |
| Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system pf charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an electrostatic field |
| Conductors and insulators, dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectic medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor |
Current electricity |
|---|
| Electric current, drift velocity, Ohm's law, electrical resistance, resistances of different materials, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and nonohmic conductors, electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity, colour code for resistors |
| Temperature dependence of resistance |
| Electric cell and its internal resistance, potential difference and EMF of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel |
| Kirchhoff's laws and their applications |
| Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge |
| Potentiometer-principle and its applications |
Magenetic effects of current and magnetism |
|---|
| Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop |
| Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid |
| Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields |
| Cyclotron |
| Force on a current-carring conductor in a uniform magnetic field |
| Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere |
| Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter |
| Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment |
| Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements |
| Para-, dia- and ferro-magnetic substances |
| Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, hysteresis, electromagnets and permanent magnets |
Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents |
|---|
| Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced EMF and current; Lenz’s Law, eddy currents |
| Self and mutual inductance |
| Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit, resonance; quality factor, power in AC circuits, wattles current |
| AC generator and transformer |
Electromagnetic waves |
|---|
| Electromagnetic waves and characteristics |
| Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves |
| Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) |
| Application of E.M. waves |
Optics |
|---|
| Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, total internal reflection and its applications, deviation and dispersion of light by a prism, lens formula, magnification, power of a lens |
| Combination of thin lenses in contact, microscope and astronomical telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers |
| Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens’ principle, laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle. Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light |
| Wave optics: Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarized light and polaroids |
Dual nature of matter and radiation |
|---|
| Dual nature of radiation |
| Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation; particle nature of light |
| Matter waves-wave nature of particle, De-Broglie relation |
| Davisson-Germer experiment |
Atoms and nuclei |
|---|
| Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum |
| Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones |
| Radioactivity-alpha, beta, and gamma particles/ rays and their properties; radioactive decay law |
| Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion |
Electronic devices |
|---|
| Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator |
| Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator |
| Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR) |
| Transistor as a switch |
Communication systems |
|---|
| Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; sky and space wave propagation, need for modulation, amplitude and frequency modulation, bandwidth of signals, bandwidth of transmission medium |
| Basic elements of a communication system (block diagram only) |
Experimental skills |
|---|
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (i) Vernier callipers-its use to measure internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel. (ii) Screw guage-its use to determine thickness/ diameter of thin sheet/wire |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (iii) Simple pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between square of amplitude and time. (iv) Metre scale-mass of a given object by principle of moments |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (v) Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire. (vi) Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (vii) Coefficient of viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (viii) Plotting a cooling curve for the relation ship between the temperature of a hot body and time. (ix) Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (x) Specific heat capacity of a given-(a) solid and (b) liquid by method of mixtures. (xi) Resistivity of material of a given wire using metre bridge |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xii) Resistance of a givan wire using Ohm's law. (xiii) Potentiometer-(a) comparision of EMF of two primary cells, (b) determiantion of internal resistance of a cell |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xiv) Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xv) Focal length of: (i) Convex mirror, (ii) concave mirror, and (iii) convex lens using parallax method |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xvi) Plot of angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism. (xvii) Refraction index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xviii) Characteristics curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias. (xix) Characteristics curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xx) Characteristics curves of a transistor and finding current gain |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xxi) Indentification of diode, LED, transistor, IC, resistor, capacitor from mixed collection of such items |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xxii) Using multimeter to-(a) identify base of a transistor, (b) distinguish between npn and pnp type transistor |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xxii) Using multimeter to-(c) see the unidirectional flow of currebt in case of diode and an LED |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xxii) Using multimeter to-(d) check the correctness or other wise of a given electronic component (diode, transistor or IC) |
Some basic concepts in chemistry |
|---|
| Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory; concept of atom, molecule, element and compound; physical quantities and their measurements in chemistry, precision and accuracy, significant figures, S.I units, dimensional analysis |
| Laws of chemical combination; atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, emperical and molecular formulae; chemical equations and stoichiometry |
States of matter |
|---|
| Classification of matter into solid, liquid, and gaseous states |
| Gaseous state: Measurable properties of gases; Gas laws-Boyle's law, Charle's law, Graham's law of diffusion, Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure; concept of absolute scale of temperature; ideal gas equation |
| Gaseous state: Kinetic theory of gases (only postulates); concept of average, root mean square and most probable velocities; real gases deviation from ideal behaviour; gaseous state-compressibility factor and Van der Waals equation |
| Liquid state: Properties of liquid-vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tenion and effect of temperature on them (qualitative treatment only) |
| Solid state: Classification of solids-molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea); Bragg's law and its applications; unit cell and lattices, packing in solids (fcc, bcc, and hcp lattices), voids |
| Solid state: Calculations involving unit cell parameters, imperfection in solids; electrical and magnetic properties |
Atomic structure |
|---|
| Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations; nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; spectrum of hydrogen atom, Bohr model of hydrogen atom-its postulates |
| Derivation of the relations for energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitatons of Bohr's model; dual nature of mattter, De-Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle |
| Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model of atom, its important features |
| Concept of atomic orbitals as one electron wave function; variation of Ψ and Ψ² with r for 1s and 2s orbitals; various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance |
| Shape of s, p, and d-orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number; rules for filling electrons in orbitals-aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements |
| Extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals |
Chemical bonding and molecular structure |
|---|
| Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, concept of ionic and convalent bonds |
| Ionic bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy |
| Covalent bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajan's rule, dipole moment; valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules |
| Quantum mechanical approaxch to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory-its important features, concept of hybridization involving s,p, and d orbitals; resonance |
| Molecular orbital theory: Its important features, LCAOs, types of molecrlar orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma pi-bonds, molecular and orbital electronic configurations of homonucler diatomic molecules, concept of bond order |
| Molecular orbital theory: Bond length and bond energy. Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its applications |
Chemical thermodynamics |
|---|
| Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of preocesses |
| First law of thermodynamics: Concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess's law of constant heat summation; enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition |
| First law of thermodynamics: Hydration, ionization and solution |
| Second law of thermodynamics: Spontancity of process; ∆S of the universe and ∆G of the system as criteris for spontancity, ∆G° (standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant |
Solutions |
|---|
| Different methods for expressing concentration of solution-molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's law-ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure-composition |
| Plots for ideal and-ideal solutions; colligative properties of dilute solutions-relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure |
| Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; abnormal value of molar mass, Van't Hoff factor and its significance |
Equilibrium |
|---|
| Meaning of equilibrium, concept of dynamic equilibrium |
| Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid-gas-and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law, general characterics of equilibrium involving physical processes |
| Equilibria involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, significance of ∆G and ∆G° in chemcal equilibria, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature |
| Equilibria involving chemical processes: Effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier's principle |
| Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization, acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants |
| Ionic equilibrium: Ionization of water, pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions |
Redox reactions and electrochemistry |
|---|
| Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reations |
| Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch's law and its applications |
| Electrochemical cells-electrolytic and galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions, EMF of a galvanic cell and its measurement |
| Nernst equation and its applications; relationship between cell potential and Gibb's energy change; dry cell lead accumulator; fuel cells |
Chemical kinetics |
|---|
| Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reaction: Concentration, temperature, pressure and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units |
| Differential and integral forms of zero and first order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, effect of temperature on rate of reactions-Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation |
| Collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation) |
Surface chemistry |
|---|
| Adsorption: Physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics, factors affecting adsorption of gasas on solids-Freundlich and langmuir adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solution |
| Catalysis: Homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selsectivity of solid catalysis, enzyme catalysis and its mechanism |
| Colloidal state: Distinction among true solutions, colloids and suspensions, classification of colloids-lyophilic, lyophobic; multimolecular, macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles), preparation and properties of colloids-Tyndall effect |
| Colloidal state: Brownian movement, electrophoresis, dialysis, coagulation and flocculation; emulsions and their characteristics |
Classification of elements and periodicity in properties |
|---|
| Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d, and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and chemical reactivity |
General principles and processes of isolation of metals |
|---|
| Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ores; steps involved in the extraction of metals-concentration, reduction (chemical and electrolytic methods) and refining with special reference to the extraction of AI, Cu, Zn, and Fe |
| Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of metals |
Hydrogen |
|---|
| Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen; physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; structure, preparation, reactions and uses of hydrogen peroxide |
| Classification of hydrides-ionic, covalent and interstitial; hydrogen as a fuel |
S-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals) |
|---|
| Group-1 and 2 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationships |
| Group-1 and 2 elements: Preparation and properties of some important compounds-sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate; industrial uses of lime, limestone, plaster of Paris and cement |
| Group-1 and 2 elements: Biological significance of Na, K, Mg, and Ca |
P-block elements |
|---|
| Group-13 to group 18 elements: General introduction-electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-13-preparation, properties and uses of boron and aluminum; structure, properties and uses of borax, boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminum chloride and alums |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-14-tendency for catenation; structure, properties and use of allotropes and oxides of carbon, silicon tetrachloride, silicates, zeolites, and silicones |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-15-properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; allotrophic forms of phosphorus; preparation, properties, structure and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and phosphorous halides (PCI₃, PCI₅) |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-15-structures of oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen and phosphorus |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-16-preparation, properties, structures and uses of ozone; allotropic forms of sulphur; preparation, properties, structures and uses of sulphuric acid (including its industrial preparation) |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-16-structures of oxoacids of sulphure |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-17-preparation, properties and uses of hydrochloric acid; trends in the acidic of hydrogen halides; structures of interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-18-occurrence and uses of noble gases; structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon |
d-and f-block elements |
|---|
| Transition elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first row transition elements-physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour |
| Transition elements: Catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; preparation, properties and uses of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄ |
| Inner transition elements: Lanthanoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction. Actinoids: Electronic configuration and oxidation states |
Coordination compounds |
|---|
| Introduction to coordination compounds, Werner’s theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism |
| Bonding-valance bond approach and basic ideas of crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties; importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems) |
Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Environmental pollution: Atmospheric, water, and soil |
| Atmospheric pollution: Tropospheric and stratospheric |
| Tropospheric pollutants-gaseous pollutants: Oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur, hydrocarbons; their sources, harmful effects and prevention; green house effect and global warming; acid rain |
| Particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust, smog, fumes, mist-their sources, harmful effects and prevention |
| Stratospheric pollution: Formation and breakdown of ozone, depletion of ozone layer-its mechanism and effects |
| Water pollution: Major pollutants such as, pathogens, organic wastes and chemical pollutatnts; their harmful effects and prevention |
| Soil pollution: Major pollutants such as-pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides), their harmful effects and prevention |
| Strategies to control environmental pollution |
Purification and characterisation of organic compounds |
|---|
| Purification: Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography-principles and their applications |
| Qualitative analysis: Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens |
| Quantitative analysis (basic principles only): Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae, numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis |
Some basic principles of organic chemistry |
|---|
| Tetravalency of carbon; shapes of simple molecules-hybridization (s and p); classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: And those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur |
| Homologous series; isomrism-structural and stereoisomerism |
| Nomenclature (trivial and IUPAC): Covalent bond fission-homolytic and heterolytic: Free radicals, carbocates and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles |
| Electronic displacement in a covalent bond: Inductive effect, electrometric effect, resonance and hyper conjugation |
| Common types of organic reactions: Substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement |
Hydrocarbons |
|---|
| Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preperation, properties and reactions |
| Alkanes: Conformations-Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); mechanism of halogenation of alkanes |
| Alkenes: Geometrical isomerism; mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff's and peroxide effect); ozonolysis and polymerization |
| Alkynes: Acidic character; addition of hydrogen, halogenes, water and hydrogen halides; polymerization |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons: Nomenclature, benzene-structure and aromaticity, mechanism of electrophilic substitution-halogenation, nitration, Friedel-craft's alkylation and acylation, derective influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene |
Organic compounds containing halogens |
|---|
| General methods of peperation, properties and reactions; nature of C-X bond; mechanisms of substitution reactions |
| Uses; environmental effect of chloroform, iodoform freons and DDT |
Organic compounds containing oxygen |
|---|
| General methods of preperation, properties, reactions and uses |
| Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration |
| Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reaction: halogenation, nitration and sulphonation, reimer-tiemann reaction |
| Ethers: Structure |
| Aldehyde and ketones: Nature of carbonyl froup; nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; important reactions such as-nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH₃, and its derivatives), Gringnard reagent |
| Aldehyde and ketones: Oxidation; reduction (Wolf kishner and Clemmensen); acidity of α-hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, haloform reaction; chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones |
Organic compounds containing nitrogen |
|---|
| General Methods of Preparation, Properties, Reactions and Uses |
| Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines and their basic character |
| Diazonium salts: importance in synthetic organic chemistry |
Polymers |
|---|
| General introduction and classification of polymers, general methods of polymerization-addition and condensation, copolymerization; natural and synthetic rubber and vulcanization |
| Some important polymers with emphasis on their monomers and uses-polythene, nylon, polyester and bakelite |
Biomolecules |
|---|
| General introduction and importance of biomolecules |
| Carbohydrates: Classification-aldoses and ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose and maltose) |
| Proteins: Elementary idea of α-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides; proteins: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes |
| Vitamins: Classification and functions |
| Nucleic acids: Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. Biological functions of nucleic acids |
Chemistry in everyday life |
|---|
| Chemicals in medicines: Analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamins-their meaning and common examples |
| Chemicals in food: Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents-common examples |
| Cleansing agents: Soaps and detergents, cleansing action |
Principles related to practical chemistry |
|---|
| Detection of extra elements (N,S, halogens) in organic compounds; detection of the following functional groups: Hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl and amino groups in organic compounds |
| Chemistry involved in the preparation of the following: Inorganic compounds-Mohr’s salt, potash alum. Organic compounds: Acetanilide, pnitroacetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform. |
| Chemistry involved in the titrimetric excercises-acids bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-acid vs KMnO₄, mohr’s salt vs KMnO₄ |
| Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis: Cations-Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH+₄. Anions-CO²⁻₃, S²⁻, SO²⁻₄, NO⁻₃, NO⁻₂, Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻. (insoluble salts excluded) |
| Chemical principles involved in the following experiments: (i) Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4, (ii) enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base, (iii) preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols |
| Chemical principles involved in the following experiments: (iv) Kinetic study of reaction of iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature |
Diversity in living world |
|---|
| What is living?; biodiversity; need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools for study of taxonomy-museums, zoos, herbaria, botanical gardens |
| Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of monera; protista and fungi into major groups; lichens; viruses and viroids |
| Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category) |
| Angiosperms-classification up to class, characteristic features and examples |
| Salient features and classification of animals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two examples) |
Structural organisation in animals and plants |
|---|
| Morphology and modifications; tissues; anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence-cymose and recemose, flower, fruit and seed (to be dealt along with the relevant practical of the practical syllabus) |
| Animal tissues; morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach) (brief account only) |
Cell structure and function |
|---|
| Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles-structure and function; endomembrane system-endoplasmic reticulum |
| Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus-nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus |
| Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins, carbodydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; enzymes-types, properties, enzyme action |
| B cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance |
Plant physiology |
|---|
| Transport in plants: Movement of water, gases, and nutrients; cell to cell transport-diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; plant-water relations-imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; long distance transport of water-absorption |
| Transport in plants: Apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; transpiration-opening and closing of stomata; uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients-transport of food, phloem transport, mass flow hypothesis |
| Transport in plants: Diffusion of gases (brief mention) |
| Mineral nutrition: Essential minerals, macro and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; mineral toxicity; elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; nitrogen metabolism-nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation |
| Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis take place; pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis |
| Photosynthesis: Cyclic and noncyclic and photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis |
| Respiration: Exchange gases; cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations-number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient |
| Plant growth and development: Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental process in a plant cell; growth regulators-auxin |
| Plant growth and development: Gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy; vernalisation |
Human physiology |
|---|
| Digestion and absorption: Alimentary canal and digestive glands; role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; caloric value of proteins, |
| Digestion and absorption: Carbohydrates and fats; egestion; nutritional and digestive disorders-PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhea |
| Breathing and respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration respiratory volumes |
| Breathing and respiration: Disorders related to respiration-asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders |
| Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system-structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, double circulation |
| Body fluids and circulation: Regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system-hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure |
| Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion-ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system-structure and fuction; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function-renin-angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor |
| Excretory products and their elimination: ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders; uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney |
| Locomotion and movement: Types of movement-ciliary, fiagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle-contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions (to be dealt with the relevant practical of practical syllabus); joints |
| Locomotion and movement: Disorders of muscular and skeletal system-myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout |
| Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; nervous system in humans-central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse; reflex action; sense organs |
| Neural control and coordination: Elementary structure and function of eye and ear |
| Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system-hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea) |
| Chemical coordination and regulation: Role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders (common disorders e.g. dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exopthalmic goiter, diabetes, addison’s disease) |
Reproduction |
|---|
| Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; modes of reproduction-asexual and sexual; asexual reproduction; modes-binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation |
| Reproduction in organisms: Vegetative propagation in plants |
| Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination-types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization |
| Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Post fertilization events-development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; significance of seed and fruit formation |
| Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation |
| Human reproduction: Pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea) |
| Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis |
| Reproductive health: Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness) |
Genetics and evolution |
|---|
| Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism-incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance |
| Heredity and variation: Chromosomes and genes; sex determination-in humans, birds, honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness; mendelian disorders in humansthalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans |
| Heredity and variation: Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes |
| Molecular basis of inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation-lac operon |
| Molecular basis of Inheritance: Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing |
| Evolution: Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution from paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution |
| Evolution: Mechanism of evolution-variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg’s principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution |
Biology and human welfare |
|---|
| Health and disease; pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm); basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse |
| Improvement in food production; plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, biofortification; apiculture and animal husbandry |
| Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers |
Biotechnology and its applications |
|---|
| Principles and process of biotechnology: Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology) |
| Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues-biopiracy and patents |
Ecology and environment |
|---|
| Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; population and ecological adaptations; population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributesgrowth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution |
| Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services-carbon fixation, pollination, oxygen release |
| Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, red data book, biosphere reserves |
| Biodiversity and its conservation: National parks and sanctuaries |
| Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and global warning; ozone depletion; deforestation |
| Environmental issues: Any three case studies as success stories addressing environmental issues |
Awareness |
|---|
| Persons, places, buildings, materials, objects, texture |
Three dimensional objects |
|---|
| three dimensional objects from two dimensional drawings,different sides of three dimensional objects |
Visual, numerical and verbal |
|---|
Understanding and appreciation of scale and proportion of objects |
|---|
Building forms and elements |
|---|
Colour texture |
|---|
Harmony and contrast |
|---|
Design and drawing of geometrical or abstract shapes and patterns in pencil |
|---|
Transformation of forms both 2D and 3D union |
|---|
Substraction |
|---|
Rotation |
|---|
Development of surfaces and volumes |
|---|
Generation of plan |
|---|
Elevations and 3D views of objects |
|---|
Creating two dimensional and three dimensional compositions using given shapes and forms |
|---|
Sketching of scenes and activities from memory of urbanscape |
|---|
| Public space, market, festivals, street scenes, monuments, recreational spaces, etc |
Landscape and rural life |
|---|
| River fronts, jungles, gardens, trees, plants, etc |
Comprehension of passage |
|---|
Verbal reasoning |
|---|
Syllogisms |
|---|
Antonyms |
|---|
Fill in the blanks |
|---|
Jumbled paragraphs with 4 or 5 sentences |
|---|
Sentence correction |
|---|
Sentence completion |
|---|
Odd man out |
|---|
Idioms |
|---|
One-word substitution |
|---|
Different usage of same word |
|---|
Current national and international affairs |
|---|
Business |
|---|
Punch line of companies |
|---|
Top officials of big companies |
|---|
Major corporate events |
|---|
Trade and Commerce |
|---|
Famous award and prizes science |
|---|
Scientific inventions |
|---|
Social science |
|---|
Geography |
|---|
International organizations history |
|---|
Social issues |
|---|
Culture |
|---|
Entertainment |
|---|
Politics |
|---|
Sports |
|---|
Finance |
|---|
Automobiles |
|---|
Travel and tourism |
|---|
Critical reasoning |
|---|
Visual reasoning |
|---|
Assumption-premise-conclusion |
|---|
Assertion and reasons |
|---|
Statements and assumptions |
|---|
Identifying valid inferences |
|---|
Identifying strong arguments and weak arguments |
|---|
Statements and conclusions |
|---|
Cause and effect |
|---|
Identifying probably true |
|---|
Probably false |
|---|
Definitely true |
|---|
Definitely false kind of statement |
|---|
Linear arrangements |
|---|
Matrix arrangements |
|---|
Puzzles |
|---|
Syllogisms |
|---|
Functions |
|---|
Family tree-identifying relationship among group of people |
|---|
Symbol based problems |
|---|
Coding and decoding |
|---|
Sequencing |
|---|
Identifying next number in series |
|---|
Graphs |
|---|
| Column graphs, bar graphs, line charts, pie chart, graphs representing area, Venn diagram, etc |
Physics and measurement |
|---|
| Physics, technology and society, SI units, fundamental and derived units |
| Least count, accuracy and precision of measuring instruments, errors in measurement, dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications |
Kinematics |
|---|
| Frame of reference |
| Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed and velocity |
| Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, releations for uniformly accelerated motion |
| Scalars and vectors, vector addition and subraction, zero vector, scalar and vector products, unit vector, resolution of a vector |
| Relative velocity, motion in a plane, projectile motion, uniform circular motion |
Laws of motion |
|---|
| Force and inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum, Newton's second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion |
| Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, equilibrium of concurrent forces |
| Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction |
| Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications |
Work, energy, and power |
|---|
| Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work energy theorem, power |
| Potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and nonconservative forces; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions |
Rotational motion |
|---|
| Centre of mass of a two-particle system, centre of mass of a rigid body; basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications; moments of inertia, radius of gyration |
| Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications |
| Rigid body rotation, equations of rotational motion |
Gravitation |
|---|
| The universal law of graviation |
| Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth |
| Kepler's laws of planetary motion |
| Gravitational potential engery; gravitational potential |
| Escape velocity |
| Orbital velocity of a satellite |
| Geostationary satellities |
Properties of solids and liquids |
|---|
| Elastic behaviour, stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity |
| Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications |
| Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, stream line and turbulent flow, Reynolds number |
| Bernoulli's principle and its applications |
| Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension-drops, bubbles and capillary rise |
| Heat temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat |
| Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, Newton's law of cooling |
Thermodynamics |
|---|
| Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature |
| Heat, work, and internal energy |
| First law of thermodynamics |
| Second law of thermodynamics: Reversible and irreversible process |
| Carnot engine and its efficiency |
Kinetic theory of gases |
|---|
| Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas |
| Kinetic theory of gases-assumptions, concept of pressure |
| Kinetic energy and temperature: RMS speed of a gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases; mean free path, Avogadro's number |
Oscillations and waves |
|---|
| Periodic motion-period, frequency, displacement as a function of time |
| Periodic functions |
| Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equations; phase; oscillations of a spring-restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M.-kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum-derivation of expression for its time period; |
| Free, forced and damped oscillations, resonance |
| Wave motion |
| Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave |
| Displacement relation for a progressive wave |
| Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of wave, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, beats, doppler effect in sound |
Electrostatics |
|---|
| Electric charge: Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charge; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution |
| Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field |
| Electric flux, Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straigth wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell |
| Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system pf charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an electrostatic field |
| Conductors and insulators, dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectic medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor |
Current electricity |
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| Electric current, drift velocity, Ohm's law, electrical resistance, resistances of different materials, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and nonohmic conductors, electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity, colour code for resistors |
| Temperature dependence of resistance |
| Electric cell and its internal resistance, potential difference and EMF of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel |
| Kirchhoff's laws and their applications |
| Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge |
| Potentiometer-principle and its applications |
Magenetic effects of current and magnetism |
|---|
| Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop |
| Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid |
| Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields |
| Cyclotron |
| Force on a current-carring conductor in a uniform magnetic field |
| Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere |
| Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter |
| Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment |
| Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements |
| Para-, dia- and ferro-magnetic substances |
| Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, hysteresis, electromagnets and permanent magnets |
Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents |
|---|
| Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced EMF and current; Lenz’s Law, eddy currents |
| Self and mutual inductance |
| Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit, resonance; quality factor, power in AC circuits, wattles current |
| AC generator and transformer |
Electromagnetic waves |
|---|
| Electromagnetic waves and characteristics |
| Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves |
| Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) |
| Application of E.M. waves |
Optics |
|---|
| Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, total internal reflection and its applications, deviation and dispersion of light by a prism, lens formula, magnification, power of a lens |
| Combination of thin lenses in contact, microscope and astronomical telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers |
| Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens’ principle, laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle. Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light |
| Wave optics: Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarized light and polaroids |
Dual nature of matter and radiation |
|---|
| Dual nature of radiation |
| Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation; particle nature of light |
| Matter waves-wave nature of particle, De-Broglie relation |
| Davisson-Germer experiment |
Atoms and nuclei |
|---|
| Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum |
| Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones |
| Radioactivity-alpha, beta, and gamma particles/ rays and their properties; radioactive decay law |
| Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion |
Electronic devices |
|---|
| Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator |
| Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator |
| Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR) |
| Transistor as a switch |
Communication systems |
|---|
| Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; sky and space wave propagation, need for modulation, amplitude and frequency modulation, bandwidth of signals, bandwidth of transmission medium |
| Basic elements of a communication system (block diagram only) |
Experimental skills |
|---|
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (i) Vernier callipers-its use to measure internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel. (ii) Screw guage-its use to determine thickness/ diameter of thin sheet/wire |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (iii) Simple pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between square of amplitude and time. (iv) Metre scale-mass of a given object by principle of moments |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (v) Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire. (vi) Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (vii) Coefficient of viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (viii) Plotting a cooling curve for the relation ship between the temperature of a hot body and time. (ix) Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (x) Specific heat capacity of a given-(a) solid and (b) liquid by method of mixtures. (xi) Resistivity of material of a given wire using metre bridge |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xii) Resistance of a givan wire using Ohm's law. (xiii) Potentiometer-(a) comparision of EMF of two primary cells, (b) determiantion of internal resistance of a cell |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xiv) Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xv) Focal length of: (i) Convex mirror, (ii) concave mirror, and (iii) convex lens using parallax method |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xvi) Plot of angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism. (xvii) Refraction index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xviii) Characteristics curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias. (xix) Characteristics curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xx) Characteristics curves of a transistor and finding current gain |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xxi) Indentification of diode, LED, transistor, IC, resistor, capacitor from mixed collection of such items |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xxii) Using multimeter to-(a) identify base of a transistor, (b) distinguish between npn and pnp type transistor |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xxii) Using multimeter to-(c) see the unidirectional flow of currebt in case of diode and an LED |
| Familiarity with basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: (xxii) Using multimeter to-(d) check the correctness or other wise of a given electronic component (diode, transistor or IC) |
Some basic concepts in chemistry |
|---|
| Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory; concept of atom, molecule, element and compound; physical quantities and their measurements in chemistry, precision and accuracy, significant figures, S.I units, dimensional analysis |
| Laws of chemical combination; atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, emperical and molecular formulae; chemical equations and stoichiometry |
States of matter |
|---|
| Classification of matter into solid, liquid, and gaseous states |
| Gaseous state: Measurable properties of gases; Gas laws-Boyle's law, Charle's law, Graham's law of diffusion, Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure; concept of absolute scale of temperature; ideal gas equation |
| Gaseous state: Kinetic theory of gases (only postulates); concept of average, root mean square and most probable velocities; real gases deviation from ideal behaviour; gaseous state-compressibility factor and Van der Waals equation |
| Liquid state: Properties of liquid-vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tenion and effect of temperature on them (qualitative treatment only) |
| Solid state: Classification of solids-molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea); Bragg's law and its applications; unit cell and lattices, packing in solids (fcc, bcc, and hcp lattices), voids |
| Solid state: Calculations involving unit cell parameters, imperfection in solids; electrical and magnetic properties |
Atomic structure |
|---|
| Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations; nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; spectrum of hydrogen atom, Bohr model of hydrogen atom-its postulates |
| Derivation of the relations for energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitatons of Bohr's model; dual nature of mattter, De-Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle |
| Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model of atom, its important features |
| Concept of atomic orbitals as one electron wave function; variation of Ψ and Ψ² with r for 1s and 2s orbitals; various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance |
| Shape of s, p, and d-orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number; rules for filling electrons in orbitals-aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements |
| Extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals |
Chemical bonding and molecular structure |
|---|
| Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, concept of ionic and convalent bonds |
| Ionic bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy |
| Covalent bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajan's rule, dipole moment; valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules |
| Quantum mechanical approaxch to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory-its important features, concept of hybridization involving s,p, and d orbitals; resonance |
| Molecular orbital theory: Its important features, LCAOs, types of molecrlar orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma pi-bonds, molecular and orbital electronic configurations of homonucler diatomic molecules, concept of bond order |
| Molecular orbital theory: Bond length and bond energy. Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its applications |
Chemical thermodynamics |
|---|
| Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of preocesses |
| First law of thermodynamics: Concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess's law of constant heat summation; enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition |
| First law of thermodynamics: Hydration, ionization and solution |
| Second law of thermodynamics: Spontancity of process; ∆S of the universe and ∆G of the system as criteris for spontancity, ∆G° (standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant |
Solutions |
|---|
| Different methods for expressing concentration of solution-molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's law-ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure-composition |
| Plots for ideal and-ideal solutions; colligative properties of dilute solutions-relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure |
| Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; abnormal value of molar mass, Van't Hoff factor and its significance |
Equilibrium |
|---|
| Meaning of equilibrium, concept of dynamic equilibrium |
| Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid-gas-and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law, general characterics of equilibrium involving physical processes |
| Equilibria involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, significance of ∆G and ∆G° in chemcal equilibria, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature |
| Equilibria involving chemical processes: Effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier's principle |
| Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization, acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants |
| Ionic equilibrium: Ionization of water, pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions |
Redox reactions and electrochemistry |
|---|
| Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reations |
| Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch's law and its applications |
| Electrochemical cells-electrolytic and galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions, EMF of a galvanic cell and its measurement |
| Nernst equation and its applications; relationship between cell potential and Gibb's energy change; dry cell lead accumulator; fuel cells |
Chemical kinetics |
|---|
| Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reaction: Concentration, temperature, pressure and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units |
| Differential and integral forms of zero and first order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, effect of temperature on rate of reactions-Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation |
| Collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation) |
Surface chemistry |
|---|
| Adsorption: Physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics, factors affecting adsorption of gasas on solids-Freundlich and langmuir adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solution |
| Catalysis: Homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selsectivity of solid catalysis, enzyme catalysis and its mechanism |
| Colloidal state: Distinction among true solutions, colloids and suspensions, classification of colloids-lyophilic, lyophobic; multimolecular, macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles), preparation and properties of colloids-Tyndall effect |
| Colloidal state: Brownian movement, electrophoresis, dialysis, coagulation and flocculation; emulsions and their characteristics |
Classification of elements and periodicity in properties |
|---|
| Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d, and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and chemical reactivity |
General principles and processes of isolation of metals |
|---|
| Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ores; steps involved in the extraction of metals-concentration, reduction (chemical and electrolytic methods) and refining with special reference to the extraction of AI, Cu, Zn, and Fe |
| Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of metals |
Hydrogen |
|---|
| Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen; physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; structure, preparation, reactions and uses of hydrogen peroxide |
| Classification of hydrides-ionic, covalent and interstitial; hydrogen as a fuel |
S-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals) |
|---|
| Group-1 and 2 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationships |
| Group-1 and 2 elements: Preparation and properties of some important compounds-sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate; industrial uses of lime, limestone, plaster of Paris and cement |
| Group-1 and 2 elements: Biological significance of Na, K, Mg, and Ca |
P-block elements |
|---|
| Group-13 to group 18 elements: General introduction-electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-13-preparation, properties and uses of boron and aluminum; structure, properties and uses of borax, boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminum chloride and alums |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-14-tendency for catenation; structure, properties and use of allotropes and oxides of carbon, silicon tetrachloride, silicates, zeolites, and silicones |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-15-properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; allotrophic forms of phosphorus; preparation, properties, structure and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and phosphorous halides (PCI₃, PCI₅) |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-15-structures of oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen and phosphorus |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-16-preparation, properties, structures and uses of ozone; allotropic forms of sulphur; preparation, properties, structures and uses of sulphuric acid (including its industrial preparation) |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-16-structures of oxoacids of sulphure |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-17-preparation, properties and uses of hydrochloric acid; trends in the acidic of hydrogen halides; structures of interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens |
| Groupwise study of the p-block elements: Group-18-occurrence and uses of noble gases; structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon |
d-and f-block elements |
|---|
| Transition elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first row transition elements-physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour |
| Transition elements: Catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; preparation, properties and uses of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄ |
| Inner transition elements: Lanthanoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction. Actinoids: Electronic configuration and oxidation states |
Coordination compounds |
|---|
| Introduction to coordination compounds, Werner’s theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism |
| Bonding-valance bond approach and basic ideas of crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties; importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems) |
Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Environmental pollution: Atmospheric, water, and soil |
| Atmospheric pollution: Tropospheric and stratospheric |
| Tropospheric pollutants-gaseous pollutants: Oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur, hydrocarbons; their sources, harmful effects and prevention; green house effect and global warming; acid rain |
| Particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust, smog, fumes, mist-their sources, harmful effects and prevention |
| Stratospheric pollution: Formation and breakdown of ozone, depletion of ozone layer-its mechanism and effects |
| Water pollution: Major pollutants such as, pathogens, organic wastes and chemical pollutatnts; their harmful effects and prevention |
| Soil pollution: Major pollutants such as-pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides), their harmful effects and prevention |
| Strategies to control environmental pollution |
Purification and characterisation of organic compounds |
|---|
| Purification: Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography-principles and their applications |
| Qualitative analysis: Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens |
| Quantitative analysis (basic principles only): Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae, numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis |
Some basic principles of organic chemistry |
|---|
| Tetravalency of carbon; shapes of simple molecules-hybridization (s and p); classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: And those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur |
| Homologous series; isomrism-structural and stereoisomerism |
| Nomenclature (trivial and IUPAC): Covalent bond fission-homolytic and heterolytic: Free radicals, carbocates and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles |
| Electronic displacement in a covalent bond: Inductive effect, electrometric effect, resonance and hyper conjugation |
| Common types of organic reactions: Substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement |
Hydrocarbons |
|---|
| Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preperation, properties and reactions |
| Alkanes: Conformations-Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); mechanism of halogenation of alkanes |
| Alkenes: Geometrical isomerism; mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff's and peroxide effect); ozonolysis and polymerization |
| Alkynes: Acidic character; addition of hydrogen, halogenes, water and hydrogen halides; polymerization |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons: Nomenclature, benzene-structure and aromaticity, mechanism of electrophilic substitution-halogenation, nitration, Friedel-craft's alkylation and acylation, derective influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene |
Organic compounds containing halogens |
|---|
| General methods of peperation, properties and reactions; nature of C-X bond; mechanisms of substitution reactions |
| Uses; environmental effect of chloroform, iodoform freons and DDT |
Organic compounds containing oxygen |
|---|
| General methods of preperation, properties, reactions and uses |
| Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration |
| Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reaction: halogenation, nitration and sulphonation, reimer-tiemann reaction |
| Ethers: Structure |
| Aldehyde and ketones: Nature of carbonyl froup; nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; important reactions such as-nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH₃, and its derivatives), Gringnard reagent |
| Aldehyde and ketones: Oxidation; reduction (Wolf kishner and Clemmensen); acidity of α-hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, haloform reaction; chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones |
Organic compounds containing nitrogen |
|---|
| General Methods of Preparation, Properties, Reactions and Uses |
| Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines and their basic character |
| Diazonium salts: importance in synthetic organic chemistry |
Polymers |
|---|
| General introduction and classification of polymers, general methods of polymerization-addition and condensation, copolymerization; natural and synthetic rubber and vulcanization |
| Some important polymers with emphasis on their monomers and uses-polythene, nylon, polyester and bakelite |
Biomolecules |
|---|
| General introduction and importance of biomolecules |
| Carbohydrates: Classification-aldoses and ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose and maltose) |
| Proteins: Elementary idea of α-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides; proteins: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes |
| Vitamins: Classification and functions |
| Nucleic acids: Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. Biological functions of nucleic acids |
Chemistry in everyday life |
|---|
| Chemicals in medicines: Analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamins-their meaning and common examples |
| Chemicals in food: Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents-common examples |
| Cleansing agents: Soaps and detergents, cleansing action |
Principles related to practical chemistry |
|---|
| Detection of extra elements (N,S, halogens) in organic compounds; detection of the following functional groups: Hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl and amino groups in organic compounds |
| Chemistry involved in the preparation of the following: Inorganic compounds-Mohr’s salt, potash alum. Organic compounds: Acetanilide, pnitroacetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform. |
| Chemistry involved in the titrimetric excercises-acids bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-acid vs KMnO₄, mohr’s salt vs KMnO₄ |
| Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis: Cations-Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH+₄. Anions-CO²⁻₃, S²⁻, SO²⁻₄, NO⁻₃, NO⁻₂, Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻. (insoluble salts excluded) |
| Chemical principles involved in the following experiments: (i) Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4, (ii) enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base, (iii) preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols |
| Chemical principles involved in the following experiments: (iv) Kinetic study of reaction of iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature |
Diversity in living world |
|---|
| What is living?; biodiversity; need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools for study of taxonomy-museums, zoos, herbaria, botanical gardens |
| Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of monera; protista and fungi into major groups; lichens; viruses and viroids |
| Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category) |
| Angiosperms-classification up to class, characteristic features and examples |
| Salient features and classification of animals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two examples) |
Structural organisation in animals and plants |
|---|
| Morphology and modifications; tissues; anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence-cymose and recemose, flower, fruit and seed (to be dealt along with the relevant practical of the practical syllabus) |
| Animal tissues; morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach) (brief account only) |
Cell structure and function |
|---|
| Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles-structure and function; endomembrane system-endoplasmic reticulum |
| Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus-nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus |
| Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins, carbodydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; enzymes-types, properties, enzyme action |
| B cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance |
Plant physiology |
|---|
| Transport in plants: Movement of water, gases, and nutrients; cell to cell transport-diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; plant-water relations-imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; long distance transport of water-absorption |
| Transport in plants: Apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; transpiration-opening and closing of stomata; uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients-transport of food, phloem transport, mass flow hypothesis |
| Transport in plants: Diffusion of gases (brief mention) |
| Mineral nutrition: Essential minerals, macro and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; mineral toxicity; elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; nitrogen metabolism-nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation |
| Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis take place; pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis |
| Photosynthesis: Cyclic and noncyclic and photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis |
| Respiration: Exchange gases; cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations-number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient |
| Plant growth and development: Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental process in a plant cell; growth regulators-auxin |
| Plant growth and development: Gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy; vernalisation |
Human physiology |
|---|
| Digestion and absorption: Alimentary canal and digestive glands; role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; caloric value of proteins, |
| Digestion and absorption: Carbohydrates and fats; egestion; nutritional and digestive disorders-PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhea |
| Breathing and respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration respiratory volumes |
| Breathing and respiration: Disorders related to respiration-asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders |
| Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system-structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, double circulation |
| Body fluids and circulation: Regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system-hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure |
| Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion-ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system-structure and fuction; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function-renin-angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor |
| Excretory products and their elimination: ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders; uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney |
| Locomotion and movement: Types of movement-ciliary, fiagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle-contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions (to be dealt with the relevant practical of practical syllabus); joints |
| Locomotion and movement: Disorders of muscular and skeletal system-myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout |
| Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; nervous system in humans-central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse; reflex action; sense organs |
| Neural control and coordination: Elementary structure and function of eye and ear |
| Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system-hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea) |
| Chemical coordination and regulation: Role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders (common disorders e.g. dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exopthalmic goiter, diabetes, addison’s disease) |
Reproduction |
|---|
| Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; modes of reproduction-asexual and sexual; asexual reproduction; modes-binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation |
| Reproduction in organisms: Vegetative propagation in plants |
| Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination-types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization |
| Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Post fertilization events-development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; significance of seed and fruit formation |
| Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation |
| Human reproduction: Pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea) |
| Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis |
| Reproductive health: Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness) |
Genetics and evolution |
|---|
| Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism-incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance |
| Heredity and variation: Chromosomes and genes; sex determination-in humans, birds, honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness; mendelian disorders in humansthalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans |
| Heredity and variation: Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes |
| Molecular basis of inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation-lac operon |
| Molecular basis of Inheritance: Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing |
| Evolution: Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution from paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution |
| Evolution: Mechanism of evolution-variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg’s principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution |
Biology and human welfare |
|---|
| Health and disease; pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm); basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse |
| Improvement in food production; plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, biofortification; apiculture and animal husbandry |
| Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers |
Biotechnology and its applications |
|---|
| Principles and process of biotechnology: Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology) |
| Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues-biopiracy and patents |
Ecology and environment |
|---|
| Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; population and ecological adaptations; population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributesgrowth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution |
| Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services-carbon fixation, pollination, oxygen release |
| Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, red data book, biosphere reserves |
| Biodiversity and its conservation: National parks and sanctuaries |
| Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and global warning; ozone depletion; deforestation |
| Environmental issues: Any three case studies as success stories addressing environmental issues |
Vocabulary |
|---|
| Synonyms, antonyms |
English usage or grammar |
|---|
Sentence correction |
|---|
Fill in the blanks |
|---|
Close passage |
|---|
Analogies or reverse analogies |
|---|
Jumbled paragraph |
|---|
Meaning-usage match |
|---|
Summary questions |
|---|
Verbal reasoning |
|---|
Facts/ inferences/ judgements |
|---|
Reading comprehension |
|---|
Geometry |
|---|
| Lines, angles, triangles, spheres, rectangles, cube, cone, etc. |
Ratios and proportion |
|---|
Percentages |
|---|
In-equations quadratic and linear equations |
|---|
Algebra |
|---|
Profit and loss averages |
|---|
Partnership (accounts) |
|---|
Time-speed-distance |
|---|
Work and time |
|---|
Number system |
|---|
HCF and LCM geometric progression |
|---|
Arithmetic progression |
|---|
Arithmetic mean |
|---|
Geometric mean |
|---|
Harmonic mean |
|---|
Median |
|---|
Mode |
|---|
Number base system |
|---|
BODMAS |
|---|
Menstruation |
|---|
Allegation and mixtures |
|---|
Work |
|---|
Pipes and cisterns |
|---|
Simple interest and compound interest |
|---|
Set theory |
|---|
Venn diagram |
|---|
Installment payments |
|---|
Clocks |
|---|
Probability |
|---|
Permutations combinations |
|---|
Trigonometry |
|---|
Vectors |
|---|
Binomial expansion |
|---|
Coordinate geometry |
|---|
Logarithm |
|---|
Calendar |
|---|
Maxima and minima progression |
|---|
Surds and indices |
|---|
Complex numbers |
|---|
Graphs |
|---|
| Column graphs, bar graphs, line charts, pie chart, graphs representing area, Venn diagram, etc |
Reasoning |
|---|
| Critical reasoning, visual reasoning, assumption-premise-conclusion, assertion and reasons, statements and assumptions, identifying valid inferences, identifying arguments, statements and conclusions, cause and effect |
| Identifying probably true probably false, definitely true definitely false kind of statement, linear arrangements, matrix arrangements (puzzles, syllogisms, functions), family tree-identifying relationship among group of people, symbol based problems |
| Coding and decoding, sequencing |
Current affairs |
|---|
General knowledge |
|---|
Business |
|---|
Punch line of companies |
|---|
Top officials of big companies |
|---|
Major corporate events |
|---|
Famous award and prizes |
|---|
World records |
|---|
Books and authors |
|---|
Science |
|---|
History |
|---|
Geography |
|---|
International organizations |
|---|
Important quotations |
|---|
Social issues |
|---|
Sports |
|---|
Finance |
|---|
Automobiles |
|---|
Entertainment |
|---|
Politics |
|---|
Vocabulary |
|---|
| Synonyms, antonyms |
English usage or grammar |
|---|
Sentence correction |
|---|
Fill in the blanks |
|---|
Close passage |
|---|
Analogies or reverse analogies |
|---|
Jumbled paragraph |
|---|
Meaning-usage match |
|---|
Summary questions |
|---|
Verbal reasoning |
|---|
Facts/ inferences/ judgements |
|---|
Reading comprehension |
|---|
Geometry |
|---|
| Lines, angles, triangles, spheres, rectangles, cube, cone, etc |
Ratios and proportion |
|---|
Percentages |
|---|
In-equations quadratic and linear equations |
|---|
Algebra |
|---|
Profit and loss averages |
|---|
Partnership (accounts) |
|---|
Time-speed-distance |
|---|
Work and time |
|---|
Number system |
|---|
HCF and LCM geometric progression |
|---|
Arithmetic progression |
|---|
Arithmetic mean |
|---|
Geometric mean |
|---|
Harmonic mean |
|---|
Median |
|---|
Mode |
|---|
Number base system |
|---|
BODMAS |
|---|
Menstruation |
|---|
Allegation and mixtures |
|---|
Work |
|---|
Pipes and cisterns |
|---|
Simple interest and compound interest |
|---|
Set theory |
|---|
Venn diagram |
|---|
Installment payments |
|---|
Clocks |
|---|
Probability |
|---|
Permutations combinations |
|---|
Trigonometry |
|---|
Vectors |
|---|
Binomial expansion |
|---|
Coordinate geometry |
|---|
Logarithm |
|---|
Calendar |
|---|
Maxima and minima progression |
|---|
Surds and indices |
|---|
Complex numbers |
|---|
Graphs |
|---|
| Column graphs, bar graphs, line charts, pie chart, graphs representing area, Venn diagram, etc |
Reasoning |
|---|
| Critical reasoning, visual reasoning, assumption-premise-conclusion, assertion and reasons, statements and assumptions, identifying valid inferences, identifying arguments, statements and conclusions, cause and effect |
| Identifying probably true probably false, definitely true definitely false kind of statement, linear arrangements, matrix arrangements (puzzles, syllogisms, functions), family tree-identifying relationship among group of people, symbol based problems |
| Coding and decoding, sequencing |
Current affairs |
|---|
General knowledge |
|---|
Elements of computers |
|---|
Number systems |
|---|
Basic electronic gates |
|---|
Boolean algebra |
|---|
Flip-flops |
|---|
Systems |
|---|
Programming and operating system |
|---|
Fundamentals of ‘C’ language |
|---|
Highest CTC 82.89 LPA | 98% Placement | 160+ Recruiters | Top Recruiters: Amazon, Adobe, Google, D.E. Shaw, Morgan Stanley, Deloitte, SAP and Many more
Students preparing for HPCET 2024 must check the exam pattern to understand the exam in a much better way. Information like a number of questions, language mode of the exam etc will form a part of the HPCET 2024 exam pattern. Candidates must check the HPCET exam pattern to be able to strategies their preparation better. Candidates can check below exam pattern of HPCET 2024.
S.No. | Particulars | Details |
1 | Mode of exam | Offline |
2 | Duration of exam | 3 hours & 15 Min |
3 | Language of exam | English |
4 | Number of questions section-wise | Physics – 120 Chemistry – 120 Mathematics – 120 |
5 | Total number of questions | 600 |
6 | Marking Scheme | 4 marks for correct answer. -1 mark for wrong answer. |
The authorities will release the exam pattern of HPCET 2024 for candidates appearing in the exam. Information like the number of questions, language mode of the exam etc will form a part of the HPCET 2024 exam pattern.
Candidates must check the HPCET 2024 exam pattern to be able to strategise their preparation better.
HPCET Exam Pattern 2024
| S.No. | Particulars | Details |
| 1 | Mode of exam | Offline |
| 2 | Duration of exam | 3 hours |
| 3 | Language of exam | English |
| 4 | Number of questions section wise | Physics – 50 Chemistry – 50 Biology– 50 |
| 5 | Total number of questions | 150 |
| 6 | Marking Scheme | For every correct answer, 2 marks will be awarded. For every incorrect answer, 0.5 or 1/4th marks will be deducted |
The authorities will release the exam pattern of HPCET 2024 for candidates appearing in the exam. Information like the number of questions, language, and mode of exam etc formed a part of the HPCET 2024 exam pattern. Candidates must check the HPCET 2024 exam pattern to be able to strategise their preparation better.
HPCET Exam Pattern 2024
| S.No. | Particulars | Details |
| 1 | Mode of exam | Online |
| 2 | Duration of exam | 3 hours |
| 3 | Language of exam | English |
| 4 | Sections | Verbal ability Quantitative ability Business awareness Data interpretation and reasoning |
| 5 | Marking Scheme | For every correct answer, 2 marks will be awarded. For every incorrect answer, 0.5 marks will be deducted |
The authorities will release the exam pattern of HPCET 2024 for candidates appearing in the exam. Information like number of questions, language, and mode of exam etc will form a part of the HPCET 2024 exam pattern. Candidates must check the HPCET 2024 exam pattern to be able to strategize their preparation better.
HPCET Exam Pattern 2024
| S.No. | Particulars | Details |
| 1 | Mode of exam | Offline |
| 2 | Duration of exam | 2 hours |
| 3 | Language of exam | English |
| 4 | Number of questions section wise | Verbal Ability – 25 Quantitative Ability– 25 Data Interpretation and Reasoning– 25 General Knowledge and Computer Awareness - 25 |
| 5 | Total number of questions | 150 |
| 6 | Marking Scheme | For every correct answer, 2 marks will be awarded. For every incorrect answer, 0.5 marks will be deducted |
Registered candidates will be able to download the HPCET 2024 admit card at the official website. To download the HPCET admit card 2024, candidates have to log in to the portal using the form number and programme. Candidates are advised to check all the details given in the HPCET admit card carefully and should contact the authorities as soon as possible.
The admit card of HPCET 2024 will be released for registered candidates. The HPCET 2024 admit card contains information like exam venue name and address, date and time etc. Candidates have to mandatorily produce their HPCET admit card 2024 at the exam centre along with valid identity proof.
How to download HPCET Admit Card?
The admit card of HPCET 2024 will be released in an online mode. The HPCET 2024 admit card will contain information like the exam venue name and address, date and time etc. Candidates have to mandatorily produce their HPCET admit card 2024 for MBA at the exam centre along with valid identity proof.
How to download HPCET Admit Card?
The admit card of HPCET 2024 will be released for the registered candidates in online mode. HPCET admit card contains information like exam venue name and address, date and time etc. Candidates will have to mandatorily produce their HPCET admit card 2024 at the exam centre along with valid identity proof.
How to download HPCET Admit Card?
| State | City |
|---|---|
| Himachal Pradesh | Bilaspur |
| Chamba | |
| Dharamshala | |
| Hamirpur | |
| Kullu | |
| Mandi | |
| Shimla | |
| Nahan | |
| Solan | |
| Una | |
| Palampur | |
| Paonta Sahib | |
| Jammu and Kashmir | Jammu |
| Chandigarh | Chandigarh |
| State | City |
|---|---|
| Himachal Pradesh | Bilaspur |
| Chamba | |
| Dharamshala | |
| Hamirpur | |
| Kullu | |
| Mandi | |
| Shimla | |
| Nahan | |
| Solan | |
| Una | |
| Palampur | |
| Paonta Sahib | |
| Chandigarh | Chandigarh |
| Jammu and Kashmir | Jammu |
| State | City |
|---|---|
| Himachal Pradesh | Bilaspur |
| Chamba | |
| Dharamshala | |
| Hamirpur | |
| Kullu | |
| Mandi | |
| Shimla | |
| Nahan | |
| Solan | |
| Una | |
| Jammu and Kashmir | Jammu |
| State | City |
|---|---|
| Himachal Pradesh | Bilaspur |
| Chamba | |
| Dharamshala | |
| Hamirpur | |
| Kullu | |
| Mandi | |
| Shimla | |
| Nahan | |
| Solan | |
| Una | |
| Palampur | |
| Paonta Sahib | |
| Nurpur | |
| Nalagarh | |
| Kala Amb | |
| Chandigarh | Chandigarh |
| Jammu and Kashmir | Jammu |
The exam authorities will release the answer key of HPCET 2024 in online mode. Candidates can check their answers and estimate their scores and admission chances by using HPCET 2024 answer key. They can file objections against the answer key, if not satisfied with the responses provided.
The authorities will release the answer key of HPCET 2024. Using the HPCET 2024 answer key, candidates will be able to check their answers and estimate their scores and admission chances, before the official announcement of results. While calculating the scores, candidates need to follow the official marking scheme of HPCET. Candidates could raise objections against the answer key, if not satisfied with the responses provided. The final answer key of HPCET 2024 will be released after all the objections are taken into consideration.
How to check HPCET 2024 Answer Key?
How to challenge Answer Key?
Using the HPCET 2024 answer key, candidates can check their answers and estimate their scores and admission chances, before the official announcement of results. While calculating the scores, candidates need to follow the official marking scheme of HPCET. Candidates can raise objections against the answer key, if not satisfied with the responses provided. The final answer key of HPCET 2024 will be released after all the objections are taken into consideration.
How to check HPCET 2024 Answer Key?
How to challenge Answer Key?
The authorities release the answer key of HPCET for candidates who appear in the entrance exam. Using the HPCET 2024 answer key, candidates can check their answers and estimate their scores and admission chances, before the official announcement of results. While calculating the scores, candidates have to follow the official marking scheme of HPCET. Candidates can raise objections against the answer key, if not satisfied with the responses provided. The final answer key of HPCET 2024 will be released after all the objections are taken into consideration.
How to check HPCET 2024 Answer Key?
How to challenge Answer Key?
The authorities will declare the result of HPCET 2024 in both online and offline mode. Candidates can check their HPCET 2024 results from the official website using their name or roll number. The result will also be available on the notice board of the University.
Using the marks secured in HPCET, the authorities will prepare a merit list. A separate merit list will be released for JEE Main 2024 and HPCET qualified candidates. The allotment of seats will be done based on the merit list.
The authorities will announce the result of HPCET 2024 in both online and offline mode. Candidates will be able to check their HPCET 2024 result in online mode using their name or roll number. The result is also available on the notice board of the University.
How to check HPCET 2024 Result?
Using the marks secured in HPCET, the authorities will prepare a merit list. A separate merit list will be released for JEE Main and HPCET qualified candidates. The allotment of seats will be based on the merit list.
The authorities will announce the result of HPCET 2024 in online mode. Candidates can check their HPCET 2024 result in online mode using their name or roll number. The result will also be available on the notice board of the University.
How to check HPCET 2024 Result ?
Using the marks secured in HPCET, the authorities prepared a merit list. A separate merit list was released for JEE Main and HPCET qualified candidates. The allotment of seats will be done based on the merit list.
The authorities announce the result of HPCET in both online and offline mode on the prescribed date. Candidates will be able to check their HPCET 2024 results in online mode using their name or roll number. The result is also available on the notice board of the University.
How to check HPCET 2024 Result?
Using the marks secured in HPCET, the authorities will prepare a merit list. A separate merit list will be released for JEE Main and HPCET qualified candidates. The allotment of seats will be based on the merit list.
Mode of Counselling: Online, Offline
Himachal Pradesh Technical University will release the HPCET counselling 2024 date on the official website. The authority will conduct the HPCET counselling process in online mode. To participate in counselling of HPCET 2024, candidates have to first get themselves registered. During the HPCET 2024 counselling registration, candidates have to make the payment of the counselling fee.
The authorities will announce the HPCET 2024 seat allotment results for round 1 on the official website. Candidates who were allotted seats were required to online accept the seat. After accepting the seat, candidates had to report to the allotted institute to complete the admission process.
The admission to B.Tech programmes will be based on merit/rank/ score obtained in the JEE Main exam for 50% of seats. For the remaining 50% seats, the merit of HPCET 2024 will be considered.
Candidates will be admitted to 5 years B.Arch. programme based on their 10+2 or equivalent exam aggregate marks and valid NATA score (Percentage) or JEE Main Paper 2 score (Percentage) taken in equal ratio.
The admission to this programme will be on the basis of merit of 10+2 or equivalent exam.
| Validity of Exam Result: | For 1 Year |
| Mode of Exam: | |
| Contacts: | 01972224153 |
| +2 More | |
| Relevant Links: | Official Website Link Click Here |
| +1 More |
Answer:
Himachal Pradesh Combined Entrance Test is commonly known as HPCET. The entrance exam is conducted once a year by Himachal Pradesh Technical University.
Answer:
The authorities conduct the HPCET exam for the duration of three hours and 15 minutes.
Answer:
According to the HPCET eligibility criteria 2024, candidates filling the application form must have at least 45% marks. However, reserved category candidates can take admission with minimum 40% marks.
Hello aspirant,
The Himachal Pradesh Technical University administers the Himachal Pradesh Combined Entrance Test (HPCET) for admission to various UG and PG courses in affiliated colleges/institutes, university schools, and off-campus locations.
To know complete information about this exam, you can visit our site by clicking on the link given below.
https://www.careers360.com/exams/hpcet
Thank you
Hope this information helps you.
hey
you can try our college predictor tool get an exact idea of the colleges you could get admission in
Good Luck :)
Hello,
For admission to b pharm programmes at government or private institutions in Himachal Pradesh, you received 129 points in the Himachal Pradesh Cet exam. The overall score for the hpcet is 300. You nearly passed the hpcet test, but because you are a student in the general category, it is impossible for you to enrol in a good private or public institution for a B-Pharm degree with these results. You must receive at least 200 plus marks on the hpcet test in order to be accepted into a reputable college for the B-Pharm degree programme where pharmacy education is offered.
You can enroll in private universities for the B-Pharmacy programme at a greater cost because you received 129 marks with these grades.
Good Luck
Hello Anjali
The Himachal Pradesh Technical University (HPTU) has released the HPCET 2022 eligibility requirements. The prerequisites that candidates must meet in order to take the HPCET exam are laid forth in the HPCET 2022 eligibility criteria.
For further details please refer:-
https://engineering.careers360.com/articles/hpcet-eligibility-criteria
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