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Get UpdatesTS EAMCET 2024 - JNTUH will issue the TS EAMCET 2024 admit card on April 29, 2024. Candidates can download the TS EAMCET 2024 admit card from April 29 to May 8, 2024 on the officia website, eamcet.tsche.ac.in.. The authority concludes the TS EAMCET 2024 application form correction process on April 12, 2024. TSCHE will conclude the TS EAMCET application form with a late fee on May 1, 2024. TS EAMCET 2024 application form is available on the official website. Additionally, the TS EAPCET 2024 exam dates have been revised on the official website. The authority will conduct the TS EAPCET exam from May 7 to 11, 2024. Earlier, the TS EAMCET exam was scheduled from May 9 to 12, 2024.
New: TS EAMCET Registration started
Don't Miss: TS EAMCET 2024 Sample papers | Know all about TS EAMCET (Telugu Lo)
The authority released the TS EAPCET 2024 mock test at eapcet.tsche.ac.in. Candidates can attempt the TS EAPCET mock test using their login ID and password. Aspirants who qualify for the 10+2 from a recognized board can apply for the TS EAMCET 2024 . Candidates can follow the TS EAPCET syllabus and exam pattern to prepare for the entrance test.
TS EAPCET 2024 exam will be conducted online for three hours in CBT mode. For the engineering course, Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics while for the agricultural and medical courses, Physics, Chemistry, and Biology are the 3 sections of the test with a total of 160 questions. To analyse their level of preparation for the TS EAPCET 2024, candidates are advised to attempt multiple mock tests.
All the information regarding the application and admission process for the TS EAPCET 2024 is available on this page once it is published online by JNTUH . Candidates must carry their TS EAPCET 2024 admit card to the exam centre. Only those candidates who have registered successfully will be issued the TS EAPCET 2024 admit cards by the authorities.
The Telangana State Engineering, Agriculture, and Medical Common Entrance Test, known as TS EAMCET, is administered annually by the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad. Every year, this admission test is held to determine eligibility for enrollment in UG programmes like Engineering, Agriculture, Pharmacy, etc. JNTUH conducts the TS EAMCET on behalf of the Telangana State Council of Higher Education (TSCHE). Candidates who wish to take admission to B.Tech courses will be admitted based on their TS EAMCET 2024 test scores.
A total of 320683 candidates registered for the TS EAMCET 2023 exam. The authority conducted the test in 21 zones at 137 centres. The overall percentage of attendance is 94.85%. Below are the stream-wise TS EAMCET exam stats.
Exam Date | Andhra Pradesh | Telangana State | Percentage | ||||
Present | Absent | Total | Present | Absent | Total | ||
May 12, 2023 (FN) | 7260 | 593 | 7853 | 25396 | 1258 | 26654 | 94.64% |
May 12, 2023 (AN) | 7322 | 531 | 7853 | 25142 | 1248 | 26390 | 94.80% |
May 13, 2023 (FN) | 8501 | 641 | 9142 | 24495 | 1018 | 25513 | 95.21% |
May 13, 2023 (AN) | 8490 | 651 | 9141 | 24232 | 997 | 25229 | 95.21% |
May 14, 2023 (FN) | 8095 | 656 | 8751 | 24186 | 917 | 25103 | 95.35% |
May 14, 2023 (AN) | 7998 | 723 | 8721 | 24158 | 843 | 25001 | 95.36% |
Total | 47666 | 3795 | 51461 | 147609 | 6281 | 153890 | 95.09% |
Read on for more information about the eligibility criteria for various courses, important dates, TS EAMCET 2024 syllabus, exam pattern, hall ticket/admit card, and more.
| Full Exam Name | Telangana State Engineering Agriculture and Medical Common Entrance Test |
| Short Exam Name | TS EAMCET |
| Conducting Body | Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad |
| Frequency of Conduct | Once a year |
| Exam Level | State Level Exam |
| Languages | English, Telugu +1 More |
| Mode of Application | Online |
| Application Fee (General) | 900 Rs [Offline] +1 More |
| Mode of Exam | Online |
| Mode of Counselling | Offline |
| Participating Colleges | 66 |
| Exam Duration | 3 Hours |
Upcoming Dates and Events
20 Apr, 2024 - 01 May, 2024
Last date for submission of online applications with late fee of Rs. 5000/- | Mode: Online Ongoing
07 May, 2024 - 08 May, 2024
Exam - Agriculture & Pharmacy (A&P) | Mode: Online
09 May, 2024 - 11 May, 2024
Exam - Engineering (E) | Mode: Online
29 Apr, 2024 - 11 May, 2024
Admit Card | Mode: Online
Past Dates and Events
15 Apr, 2024 - 19 Apr, 2024
Last date for submission of online applications with late fee of Rs. 2500/- | Mode: Online
10 Apr, 2024 - 14 Apr, 2024
Last date for submission of online applications with late fee of Rs. 500/- | Mode: Online
08 Apr, 2024 - 12 Apr, 2024
Application Correction | Mode: Online
07 Apr, 2024 - 09 Apr, 2024
Last date for submission of online applications with late fee of Rs. 250/- | Mode: Online
26 Feb, 2024 - 06 Apr, 2024
Application | Mode: Online
13 Mar, 2024
Mock Test - Start Date | Mode: Online
JNTUH will release the TS EAMCET eligibility criteria 2024 along with the official information brochure on the official website. The TS EAMCET eligibility criteria includes all the details regarding the eligibility conditions for a candidate in terms of minimum qualifications, age limits, etc. Students should note that their admission is subject to their fulfilment of the eligibility criteria of TS EAMCET 2024 prescribed by the authorities.
All the interested students are advised to check the eligibility conditions in advance so that no they can be prepared in advance with all the necessary documents. No candidate will be allowed to take admission if they fail to comply with the eligibility criteria.
Nationality:
Students applying for TS EAMCET 2024 should be Indian National/ Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) / Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) Card Holders.
Candidates should belong to the state of Telangana/Andhra Pradesh.
Candidates should satisfy local/non–local status requirements as laid down in the Telangana / Andhra Pradesh Education Institutions (Regulations of Admission) order, 1974 as subsequently amended.
Age Limit:
Students must be 17 years of age as of December 31 of the year of admission and an upper age limit of 22 years for all the candidates and 25 years in respect of scheduled caste and scheduled tribe candidates as of 31st December of the year of admission.
Educational Qualification:
For Engineering and for 50% seats in B. Pharmacy, BTech (Food Science and Technology (FST) /B.Sc (Commercial Agri & Business Mgt. (CA & BM)) Courses:
Candidates should have passed the 12th standard with at least 45% marks(40% for reserved category) or equivalent with Mathematics, Physics along with Chemistry/Biology as optional or related vocational courses in the fields of Engineering and Technology.
Or
Aspirants should have passed the Diploma examination in Engineering conducted by the State Board of Technical Education and Training.
For B.Sc. (Ag.) / B.Sc. (Hort.) / B.V.Sc. & A.H. / B.F.Sc. and for the remaining 50% seats in BTech. (FST) / B.Sc. (CA & BM) Courses:
Candidates should have passed 12th or any examination recognized as equivalent thereto by the Board of Intermediate Education, Telangana / Andhra Pradesh with any two / three of the subjects indicated against each course noted below:
Courses | Subjects |
B.Sc. (Ag.) |
|
B.Sc. (Hort.) |
|
B.V.Sc. & A.H. |
|
B.F.Sc. |
|
BTech (Food Science) |
OR
|
B.Sc. (CA & BM) |
OR
|
JNTUH will release the TS EAMCET 2024 eligibility criteria along with the official brochure. The eligibility criteria of TS EAMCET 2024 will include the conditions and requirements that candidates have to meet to be eligible for the Telangana CET 2024.
TS EAPCET Eligibility Criteria
Particulars | Details |
Nationality |
|
Domicile |
|
Age Limit |
|
Educational Qualifications | Candidates must have passed the 12th standard or equivalent examination with Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry as optional or related vocational courses in the fields of Engineering and Technology. |
For admission |
|
For B.VSC & AH/B.Sc. (Honours) Agriculture/B.Sc. (Honours) Horticulture/B.Sc. (Forestry)/BFSc/BTech (FT) courses: Aspirant must have qualified Class 12 or equivalent exam with stipulated subjects for concerned course
B.Sc. (Honours) Agriculture: Agriculture; Vocational Course in Agriculture; Biological or Natural Sciences; Physical Sciences (Any 2)
B.Tech. (Food Technology): Mathematics and Physical Sciences; or Physical Sciences and Biological or Natural Sciences (any one group)
B.Sc. (Hons.) Horticulture: Physical Sciences; Vocational Course in Agriculture; Biological or Natural Sciences; Agriculture (Any 2)
B.F.Sc.: Vocational Course in Fishery Sciences; Biological or Natural Sciences; Physical Sciences (Any 2)
B.Sc. (Forestry): Physics; Chemistry; Biology or Mathematics; Physics; Chemistry; Biology (any one group)
B.V.Sc. & AH: Biological or Natural Sciences; Physical Sciences
For all the courses mentioned above aspirants need to appear for Biology, Physics, and Chemistry subjects and the age of the applicant must be between 17-22 years on Dec. 31, 2024. Candidates of SC and ST category will get relaxation of 3 years in upper age limit.
Candidates can check the basic eligibility criteria of TS EAMCET for admission to BPharm courses:
For B.Pharmacy (BiPC) and Pharm D (BiPC) courses:
For B.Pharmacy (M.P.C) and Pharm D (MPC) courses:
There is no upper age limit for Pharmacy Course but aspirants must be of 16 years before the start of admission in this course. For Pharm D, the age of the aspirant should not be less than 17 years.
Mode of Application : Online
Mode of Payment : Net Banking | Credit Card | Debit Card | Other
JNTU, Hyderabad will release the TS EAMCET application form 2024 on the official website eamcet.tsche.ac.in. The authorities will release all the application details in the information brochure. Candidates who wish to take admission through TS EAMCET are required to fill the application form before the last date of submission.
Before filling the application form of TS EAMCET 2023 candidates should check the eligibility criteria and ensure their candidature. No candidates who fail to fulfil the eligibility criteria will be allowed to take admission.
The TS EAMCET 2024 application form filling procedure includes registration, uploading the necessary documents, paying the prescribed fee, and more.
Details Required | Documents to be Referred |
| Marks Memo / Hall Ticket Number of Intermediate / 10+2 / Equivalent |
|
|
Stream applied for (PCM or PCB) | Refer to TS EAMCET 2024 eligibility criteria |
Date of Birth, Birth District, Birth State | Birth Certificate / SSC or Equivalent Certificate |
SSC or Equivalent Examination Certificate hall ticket number | SSC or Equivalent Certificate |
Local Status (OU/AU/SVU/ Non-Local) | The Local Candidate Certificate issued by MRO or a Competent Authority |
Income of Parents (Income upto Rs.1.0 lakh or upto Rs. 2.0 lakhs) | The Income Certificate issued by MRO/ Competent Authority |
Study Details | Study Certificates from Class I to Intermediate/ 10+2 / Equivalent |
Category and Caste Certificate Application Number | The Caste Certificate issued by the MRO /Competent Authority |
Special Category | The Certificate issued by Competent Authority |
Aadhar Card details | Aadhar Card number etc. |
Photograph | File Size – Less than 50 KB File Format - JPG |
Signature | File Size – Less than 30 KB File Format – JPG |
To fill the application form of TS EAMCET 2024, candidates will have to follow the below given steps:
Step 1 - Payment of registration fee - To fill the TS EAMCET 2024 application form, candidates will first have to pay the EAMCET registration fee through TS (AP) Online Centres or Credit Card/ Debit Card/ Net Banking. Candidates should pay the registration fee of Rs. 900/- (for SC/ST candidates Rs. 500/-) in online mode (Credit/Debit card or by Net Banking) or offline mode (TS online centres). After successful payment, the transaction ID is generated which will be used for future purposes.
Step 2 - Filling the application form - Upon successful payment, candidates will be able to access the application form. Candidates will have to submit many details such as personal information, contact details, academic qualification, and more.
Step 3 - Uploading scanned documents - Candidates are also required to upload the scanned photograph and signature in the format specified by the authorities.
Particulars | Details |
Photograph | File Size – Less than 50 KB File Format - JPG |
Signature | File Size – Less than 30 KB File Format – JPG |
Step 4 - Print out of the confirmation page - Finally, after submitting the TS EAMCET 2024 application form, candidates will have to take a print out of the duly filled application form. A photograph has to be affixed to the printout and attested by the Principal of the last attended/currently studying college or a Gazetted officer.
The authorities will open the TS EAMCET 2024 form correction window for candidates who will fill the application form on time. Through application form correction the candidates will be able to change the already submitted form for one last time.
Open the official website tseamcet.nic.in.
Enter your registration number, mobile number and date of birth to login to your account.
Click on the “Edit Details” button.
Make necessary changes to the application form.
Click on “Submit”.
The details that cannot be changed:
Stream
Qualifying Exam Hall Ticket No.
Candidate’s name
Father’s name
Date of Birth
Test Zone
SSC Hall Ticket details
The application fees for TS EAMCET 2024 is mentioned in the table below:
Stream | Category | ||
Open Category | Backward Class | SC/ST | |
Engineering | INR 900 | INR 500 | INR 500 |
Agriculture | INR 900 | INR 500 | INR 500 |
Both Engineering & Agriculture | INR 1800 | INR 1000 | INR 1000 |
| Category | Quota | Mode | Gender | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General, OBC, EWS | Offline, Online | Transgender, Female, Male | ₹ 900 | |
| ST, SC | PWD | Offline, Online | Transgender, Female, Male | ₹ 500 |
The authorities will release the TS EAMCET 2024 question paper at the official website. Along with the question paper of TS EAMCET 2024, the authorities will also release the answer key and reponse sheet. Aspirants will not require any login credentials to download the TS EAMCET exam question paper pdf 2024. Candidates can below check previous year TS EAMCET question paper with answer key.
TS EAMCET Question Paper 2023
TS EAMCET Question Paper 2021
Algebra |
|---|
| Functions: Types of functions, definitions, inverse functions and theorems, domain, range, inverse of real valued functions |
| Mathematical induction: Principle of mathematical induction and theorems, applications of mathematical induction, problems on divisibility |
| Matrices: Types of matrices, scalar multiple of a matrix and multiplication of matrices, transpose of a matrix, determinants, adjoint and inverse of a matrix, consistency and inconsistency of equations, rank of a matrix |
| Matrices: Solution of simultaneous linear equations |
| Complex numbers: Complex number as an ordered pair of real numbers, fundamental operations, representation of complex numbers in the form a + ib, modulus and amplitude of complex numbers, illustrations |
| Complex numbers: Geometrical and polar representation of complex numbers in Argand plane, Argand diagram |
| De Moivre's theorem: De Moivre's theorem, integral and rational indices, nth roots of unity, geometrical interpretations, illustrations |
| Quadratic expressions: Quadratic expressions, equations in one variable-sign of quadratic expressions, change in signs, maximum and minimum values, quadratic inquations |
| Theory of equations: The relation between the roots and coefficients in an equation, solving the equations when two or more roots of it are connected by certain relation, equation with real coefficients |
| Theory of equations: Occurrence of complex roots in conjugate pairs and its consequences-transformation of equations, reciprocal equations |
| Permutations and combinations: Fundamental principle of counting, linear and circular permutations, permutations of ‘n’ dissimilar things taken ‘r’ at a time, permutations when repetitions allowed, circular permutations |
| Permutations and combinations: Permutations with constraint repetitions, combinations, definitions, certain theorems |
| Binomial theorem: Binomial theorem for positive integral index, binomial theorem for rational index (without proof), approximations using binomial theorem |
| Partial fractions: Partial fractions of f(x)/ g(x) when g(x) contains non, repeated linear factors, partial fractions of f(x)/ g(x) when g(x) contains repeated and/ or non-repeated linear factors |
| Partial fractions: Partial fractions of f(x)/ g(x) when g(x) contains irreducible factors only |
Trigonometry |
|---|
| Trigonometric ratios up to transformations: Graphs and periodicity of trigonometric functions, trigonometric ratios and compound angles, trigonometric ratios of multiple and sub, multiple angles, transformations, sum and product rules |
| Trigonometric equations: General solution of trigonometric equations, simple trigonometric equations, solutions |
| Inverse trigonometric functions: To reduce a trigonometric function into a bijection-graphs of inverse trigonometric functions, properties of inverse trigonometric functions |
| Hyperbolic functions: Definition of hyperbolic function, graphs, definition of inverse hyperbolic functions-graphs, addition formulae of hyperbolic functions |
| Properties of triangles: Relation between sides and angles of a triangle, sine, cosine, tangent, and projection rules, half angle formulae and areas of a triangle, incircle and excircle of a triangle |
Vector algebra |
|---|
| Addition of vectors: Vectors as a triad of real numbers, classification of vectors, addition of vectors, scalar multiplication, angle between two non zero vectors, linear combination of vectors, component of a vector in three dimensions |
| Addition of vectors: Vector equations of line and plane including their Cartesian equivalent forms |
| Product of vectors: Scalar product, geometrical interpretations, orthogonal projections, properties of dot product, expression of dot product in i, j, k system, angle between two vectors, geometrical vector methods |
| Product of vectors: Vector equations of plane in normal form, angle between two planes, vector product of two vectors and properties, vector product in i, j, k system, vector areas, scalar triple product, vector equations of plane in different forms |
| Product of vectors: Skew lines, shortest distance and their Cartesian equivalents |
| Product of vectors: Plane through the line of intersection of two planes, condition for coplanarity of two lines, perpendicular distance of a point from a plane, angle between line and a plane |
| Product of vectors: Cartesian equivalents of all these results, vector triple product, results |
Probability |
|---|
| Measures of dispersion: Range, mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/ grouped data, coefficient of variation and analysis of frequency distribution with equal means but different variances |
| Probability: Random experiments and events, classical definition of probability, axiomatic approach and addition theorem of probability, independent and dependent events, conditional probability, multiplication theorem and Baye's theorem |
| Random variables and probability distributions: Random variables, theoretical discrete distributions, binomial and Poisson distributions |
Coordinate geometry |
|---|
| Locus: Definition of locus, illustrations, to find equations of locus, problems connected to it |
| Transformation of axes: Transformation of axes-rules, derivations and illustrations, rotation of axes-derivations, illustrations |
| The straight line: Revision of fundamental results, straight line, normal form, illustrations, straight line, symmetric form, straight line, reduction into various forms, intersection of two straight lines, family of straight lines, concurrent lines |
| The straight line: Condition for concurrent lines, angle between two lines, length of perpendicular from a point to a line, distance between two parallel lines, concurrent lines, properties related to a triangle |
| Pair of straight lines: Equations of pair of lines passing through origin, angle between a pair of lines, condition for perpendicular and coincident lines, bisectors of angles, pair of bisectors of angles, pair of lines, second degree general equation |
| Pair of Straight lines: Conditions for parallel lines-distance between them, point of intersection of pair of lines, homogenizing a second degree equation with a first degree equation in x and y |
| Circle: Equation of circle, standard form, centre and radius of a circle with a given line segment as diameter and equation of circle through three non collinear points, parametric equations of a circle, position of a point in the plane of a circle |
| Circle: Power of a point definition of tangent, length of tangent, position of a straight line in the plane of a circle, conditions for a line to be tangent, chord joining two points on a circle, equation of the tangent at a point on the circle |
| Circle: Point of contact, equation of normal, chord of contact, pole and polar, conjugate points and conjugate lines, equation of chord with given middle point, relative position of two circles, circles touching each other externally, internally |
| Circle: Common tangents, centers of similitude, equation of pair of tangents from an external point |
| System of circles: Angle between two intersecting circles, radical axis of two circles, properties, common chord and common tangent of two circles, radical centre, intersection of a line and a circle |
| Parabola: Conic sections, parabola-equation of parabola in standard form, different forms of parabola, parametric equations, equations of tangent and normal at a point on the parabola (Cartesian and parametric) |
| Parabola: Conditions for straight line to be a tangent |
| Ellipse: Equation of ellipse in standard form, parametric equations, equation of tangent and normal at a point on the ellipse (Cartesian and parametric), condition for a straight line to be a tangent |
| Hyperbola: Equation of hyperbola in standard form, parametric equations, equation of tangent and normal at a point on the hyperbola (Cartesian and parametric), conditions for a straight line to be a tangent, asymptotes |
| Three dimensional coordinates: Coordinates, section formulae, centroid of a triangle and tetrahedron |
| Direction cosines and direction ratios: Direction cosines, direction ratios |
| Plane: Cartesian equation of plane, simple illustrations |
Calculus |
|---|
| Limits and continuity: Intervals and neighbourhoods, limits-standard limits, continuity |
| Differentiation: Derivative of a function, elementary properties, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, hyperbolic, inverse hyperbolic function, derivatives, methods of differentiation, second order derivatives |
| Applications of derivatives: Errors and approximations, geometrical interpretation of derivative, equations of tangents and normals, lengths of tangent, normal, sub tangent and sub normal |
| Applications of derivatives: Angles between two curves and condition for orthogonality of curves, derivative as rate of change, Rolle's theorem and Lagrange's mean value theorem without proofs and their geometrical interpretation |
| Applications of derivatives: Increasing and decreasing functions, maxima and minima |
| Integration: Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, standard forms, properties of integrals, method of substitution, integration of algebraic, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions |
| Integration: Integration by parts, integration, partial fractions method, reduction formulae |
| Definite integrals: Definite integral as the limit of sum, interpretation of definite integral as an area, fundamental theorem of integral calculus, properties, reduction formulae, application of definite integral to areas |
| Differential equations: Formation of differential equation, degree and order of an ordinary differential equation, solving differential equation by i) Variables separable method, ii) Homogeneous differential equation |
| Differential equations: iii) Non-homogeneous differential equation, iv) Linear differential equations |
Physical world |
|---|
| What is physics?, scope and excitement of physics, physics, technology and society, fundamental forces in nature, gravitational force, electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force, towards unification of forces, nature of physical laws |
Units and measurement |
|---|
| Introduction, the international system of units, measurement of length, measurement of large distances, estimation of very small distances: Size of a molecule, range of lengths, measurement of mass, range of masses, measurement of time, accuracy |
| Precision of instruments and errors in measurement, systematic errors, random errors, least count error, absolute error, relative error and percentage error, combination of errors, significant figures |
| Rules for arithmetic operations with significant figures, rounding off the uncertain digits, rules for determining the uncertainty in the results of arithmetic calculations, dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional formulae and dimensional equations |
| Dimensional analysis and its applications, checking the dimensional consistency of equations, deducing relation among the physical quantities |
Motion in a straight line |
|---|
| Introduction, position, path length and displacement, average velocity and average speed, instantaneous velocity and speed, acceleration, kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated motion, relative velocity |
Motion in a plane |
|---|
| Introduction, scalars and vectors, position and displacement vectors, equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by real numbers, addition and subtraction of vectors-graphical method, resolution of vectors, vector addition-analytical method |
| Motion in a plane, position vector and displacement, velocity, acceleration, motion in a plane with constant acceleration, relative velocity in two dimensions, projectile motion, equation of path of a projectile, time of maximum height |
| Maximum height of a projectile, horizontal range of projectile, uniform circular motion |
Laws of motion |
|---|
| Introduction, Aristotle's fallacy, the law of inertia, Newton's first law of motion, Newton's second law of motion, Newton's third law of motion, impulse, conservation of momentum, equilibrium of a particle, common forces in mechanics, friction |
| Circular motion, motion of a car on a level road, motion of a car on a banked road, solving problems in mechanics |
Work, energy, and power |
|---|
| Introduction, the scalar product, notions of work and kinetic energy: The work-energy theorem, work, kinetic energy, work done by a variable force, the work-energy theorem for a variable force, the concept of potential energy |
| The conservation of mechanical energy, the potential energy of a spring, various forms of energy: The law of conservation of energy, heat, chemical energy, electrical energy, the equivalence of mass and energy, nuclear energy |
| The principle of conservation of energy, power, collisions, elastic and inelastic collisions, collisions in one dimension, coefficient of restitution and its determination, collisions in two dimensions |
Systems of particles and rotational motion |
|---|
| Introduction, what kind of motion can a rigid body have?, centre of mass, centre of gravity, motion of centre of mass, linear momentum of a system of particles, vector product of two vectors, angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity |
| Angular acceleration, kinematics of rotational motion about a fixed axis, torque and angular momentum, moment of force (torque), angular momentum of particle, torque and angular momentum for a system of a particles, conservation of angular momentum |
| Equilibrium of a rigid body, principle of moments, moment of inertia, theorems of perpendicular and parallel axes, theorem of perpendicular axes, theorem of parallel axes, dynamics of rotational motion about a fixed axis |
| Angular momentum in case of rotations about a fixed axis, conservation of angular momentum, rolling motion, kinetic energy of rolling motion |
Oscillations |
|---|
| Introduction, periodic and oscillatory motions, period and frequency, displacement, simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.), simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion, velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic motion |
| Force law for simple harmonic motion, energy in simple harmonic motion, some systems executing simple harmonic motion, oscillations due to a spring, the simple pendulum, damped simple harmonic motion, forced oscillations and resonance |
Gravitation |
|---|
| Introduction, Kepler's laws, universal law of gravitation, the gravitational constant, acceleration due to gravity of the earth, acceleration due to gravity below and above the surface of earth, gravitational potential energy, escape speed earth satellite |
| Energy of an orbiting satellite, geostationary and polar satellites, weightlessness |
Mechanical properties of solids |
|---|
| Introduction, elastic behaviour of solids, stress and strain, Hooke's law, stress-strain curve, elastic moduli, Young's modulus, determination of Young's modulus of the material of a wire, shear modulus, bulk modulus, Poisson's ratio |
| Applications of elastic behaviour of materials |
Mechanical properties of fluids |
|---|
| Introduction, pressure, Pascal's law, variation of pressure with depth, atmosphere pressure and gauge pressure, hydraulic machines, streamline flow, Bernoulli's principle, speed of efflux: Torricelli's law, Venturi-meter, blood flow and heart attack |
| Dynamic lift, viscosity, variation of viscosity of fluids with temperature, stokes' law, Reynolds number, surface tension, surface energy, surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, drops and bubbles, capillary rise |
| Detergents and surface tension |
Thermal properties of matter |
|---|
| Introduction, temperature and heat, measurement of temperature, ideal-gas equation and absolute temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, change of state, regelation, latent heat, heat transfer, conduction, thermal conductivity |
| Convection, radiation, black body radiation, greenhouse effect, Newton's law of cooling |
Thermodynamics |
|---|
| Introduction, thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, heat, internal energy and work, first law of thermodynamics, specific heat capacity, thermodynamic state variables and equation of state, thermodynamic process, quasi-static process |
| Isothermal process, adiabatic process, isochoric process, isobaric process, cyclic process, heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps, second law of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, Carnot engine, Carnot's theorem |
Kinetic theory |
|---|
| Introduction, molecular nature of matter, behaviour of gases, Boyle's law, Charles' law, kinetic theory of an ideal gas, pressure of an ideal gas, law of equipartition of energy, specific heat capacity, monatomic gases, diatomic gases, polyatomic gases |
| Specific heat capacity of solids, specific heat capacity of water, mean free path |
Waves |
|---|
| Introduction, transverse and longitudinal waves, displacement relation in a progressive wave, the speed of a travelling wave, the principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, beats, Doppler effect |
Ray optics and optical instruments |
|---|
| Introduction, reflection of light by spherical mirrors, refraction, total internal reflection, refraction at spherical surfaces and by lenses, refraction through a prism, dispersion by a prism, some natural phenomena due to sunlight, optical instruments |
Wave optics |
|---|
| Introduction, Huygens principle, refraction and reflection of plane waves using Huygens principle, coherent and incoherent addition of waves, interference of light waves and Young's experiment, diffraction, polarization |
Electric charges and fields |
|---|
| Introduction, electric charges, conductors and insulators, charging by induction, basic properties of electric charge, Coulomb's law, forces between multiple charges, electric field, electric field lines, electric flux, electric dipole |
| Dipole in a uniform external field, continuous charge distribution, Gauss's law, application of Gauss's law |
Electrostatic potential and capacitance |
|---|
| Introduction, electrostatic potential, potential due to a point charge, potential due to an electric dipole, potential due to a system of charges, equipotential surfaces, potential energy of a system of charges, potential energy in an external field |
| Electrostatics of conductors, dielectrics and polarization, capacitors and capacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, effect of dielectric on capacitance, combination of capacitors, energy stored in a capacitor, Van de Graaff generator |
Current electricity |
|---|
| Introduction, electric current, electric currents in conductors, Ohm's law, drift of electrons and the origin of resistivity, limitations of Ohm's law, resistivity of various materials, temperature dependence of resistivity, electrical energy, power |
| Combination of resistors-series and parallel, cells, EMF, internal resistance, cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's laws, Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge, potentiometer |
Moving charges and magnetism |
|---|
| Introduction, magnetic force, motion in a magnetic field, motion in combined electric and magnetic fields, magnetic field due to a current element, Biot-Savart law, magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop, Ampere's circuital law |
| The solenoid and the toroid, force between two parallel currents, the ampere, torque on current loop, magnetic dipole, the moving coil galvanometer |
Magnetism and matter |
|---|
| Introduction, the bar magnet, magnetism and Gauss's law, the Earth's magnetism, magnetization and magnetic intensity, magnetic properties of materials, permanent magnets and electromagnets |
Electromagnetic induction |
|---|
| Introduction, the experiments of Faraday and Henry, magnetic flux, Faraday's law of induction, Lenz's law and conservation of energy, motional electromotive force, energy consideration: A quantitative study, Eddy currents, inductance, AC generator |
Alternating current |
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| Introduction, AC voltage applied to a resistor, representation of AC current and voltage by rotating vectors-phasors, AC voltage applied to an inductor, AC voltage applied to a capacitor, AC voltage applied to a series LCR circuit |
| Power in AC circuit: The power factor, LC oscillations, transformers |
Electromagnetic waves |
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| Introduction, displacement current, electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum |
Dual nature of radiation and matter |
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| Introduction, electron emission, photoelectric effect, experimental study of photoelectric effect, photoelectric effect and wave theory of light, Einstein's photoelectric equation: Energy quantum of radiation |
| Particle nature of light: The photon, wave nature of matter, Davisson and Germer experiment |
Atoms |
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| Introduction, alpha-particle scattering and Rutherford's nuclear model of atom, atomic spectra, Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the line spectra of the hydrogen atom, De Broglie's explanation of Bohr's second postulate of quantisation |
Nuclei |
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| Introduction, atomic masses and composition of nucleus, size of the nucleus, mass-energy and nuclear binding energy, nuclear force, radioactivity, nuclear energy |
Semiconductor electronics: Materials, devices, and simple circuits |
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| Introduction, classification of materials: Metals, semiconductors and insulators, intrinsic semiconductor, extrinsic semiconductor, p-n junction, semiconductor diode, application of junction diode as a rectifier, special purpose p-n junction diodes |
| Junction transistor, digital electronics and logic gates, integrated circuits |
Communication systems |
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| Introduction, elements of a communication system, basic terminology used in electronic communication systems, bandwidth of signals, bandwidth of transmission medium, propagation of electromagnetic waves, modulation and its necessity, amplitude modulation |
| Production of amplitude modulated wave, detection of amplitude modulated wave |
Atomic structure |
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| Introduction; sub-atomic particles; atomic models-Thomson's model; Rutherford's nuclear model of atom, drawbacks; developments to the Bohr's model of atom; nature of electromagnetic radiation |
| Particle nature of electromagnetic radiation Planck's quantum theory; Bohr's model for hydrogen atom; explanation of line spectrum of hydrogen; limitations of Bohr's model; quantum mechanical considerations of sub atomic particles |
| Dual behaviour of matter; Heisenberg's uncertainty principle; quantum mechanical model of an atom |
| Important features of quantum mechanical model of atom; orbitals and quantum numbers; shapes of atomic orbitals; energies of orbitals; filling of orbitals in atoms |
| Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity; electronic configurations of atoms; stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals |
Classification of elements and periodicity in properties |
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| Need to classify elements; genesis of periodic classification; modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table; nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100; electronic configuration of elements and the periodic table |
| Electronic configuration and types of elements s, p, d, and f blocks; trends in physical properties: (a) Atomic radius, (b) ionic radius (c) variation of size in inner transition elements, (d) ionization enthalpy, (e) electron gain enthalpy |
| Trends in physical properties: (f) Electro negativity; periodic trends in chemical properties: (a) Valence or oxidation states, (b) anomalous properties of second period elements-diagonal relationship; periodic trends and chemical reactivity |
Chemical bonding and molecular structure |
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| Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bonding, octet rule, representation of simple molecules, formal charges, limitations of octet rule; ionic or electrovalent bond-factors favourable for the formation of ionic compounds, crystal structure of sodium chloride |
| Lattice enthalpy; general properties of ionic compounds; bond parameters-bond length, bond angle, bond enthalpy, bond order, resonance-polarity of bonds dipole moment; valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theories |
| Predicting the geometry of simple molecules; valence bond theory, orbital overlap concept, directional properties of bonds, overlapping of atomic orbitals, strength of sigma and pi bonds, factors favouring the formation of covalent bonds |
| Hybridisation-different types of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals, shapes of simple covalent molecules; coordinate bond-definition with examples |
| Molecular orbital theory, formation of molecular orbitals, linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO), conditions for combination of atomic orbitals, energy level diagrams for molecular orbitals |
| Bonding in some homo nuclear diatomic molecules-H2, He2, Li2, B2, C2, N2, and O2; hydrogen bonding cause of formation of hydrogen bond, types of hydrogen bonds, inter and intra molecular general properties of hydrogen bonds |
States of matter: gases and liquids |
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| Intermolecular forces; thermal energy; intermolecular forces vs. thermal interactions; the gaseous state; the gas laws; ideal gas equation; Graham's law of diffusion-Dalton's law of partial pressures; kinetic molecular theory of gases |
| Kinetic gas equation of an ideal gas (no derivation) deduction of gas laws from kinetic gas equation; distribution of molecular speeds-rms, average and most probable speeds-kinetic energy of gas molecules |
| Behaviour of real gases-deviation from Ideal gas behaviour-compressibility factor vs. pressure diagrams of real gases; liquefaction of gases |
| Liquid state-properties of liquids in terms of inter molecular interactions, vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only. No mathematical derivation) |
Stoichiometry |
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| Some basic concepts-properties of matter, uncertainty in measurement, significant figures, dimensional analysis; laws of chemical combinations, law of conservation of mass, law of definite proportions, law of multiple proportions |
| Gay-Lussac's law of gaseous volumes, Dalton's atomic theory, Avogadro's law, atomic and molecular masses-mole concept and molar mass |
| Concept of equivalent weight; percentage composition of compounds and calculations of empirical and molecular formulae of compounds; stoichiometry and stoichiometric calculations; methods of expressing concentrations of solutions-mass percent |
| Mole fraction, molarity, molality, and normality; redox reactions-classical idea of redox reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions-redox reactions in terms of electron transfer; oxidation number concept |
| Types of redox reactions-combination, decomposition, displacement, and disproportionation reactions; balancing of redox reactions-oxidation number method half reaction (ion-electron) method; redoxreactions in titrimetry |
Thermodynamics |
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| Thermodynamic terms; the system and the surroundings; types of systems and surroundings; the state of the system; the Internal energy as a state function |
| (a) Work, (b) heat, (c) the general case, the first law of thermodynamics; applications; work; enthalpy, H-a useful new state function; extensive and intensive properties; heat capacity; the relationship between Cp and Cv |
| Measurement of ∆U and ∆H: Calorimetry; enthalpy change, ∆rh of reactions-reaction enthalpy (a) standard enthalpy of reactions, (b) enthalpy changes during phase transformations, (c) standard enthalpy of formation, (d) thermo chemical equations |
| Measurement of ∆U and ∆H: (e) Hess's law of constant heat summation; enthalpies for different types of reactions |
| (a) Standard enthalpy of combustion, (b) enthalpy of atomization, phase transition, sublimation and ionization, (c) bond enthalpy, (d) enthalpy of solution and dilution; spontaneity |
| (a) Is decrease in enthalpy a criterion for spontaneity? (b) entropy and spontaneity, the second law of thermodynamics, (c) Gibbs energy and spontaneity; Gibbs energy change and equilibrium; absolute entropy and the third law of thermodynamics |
Chemical equilibrium and acids-bases |
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| Equilibrium in physical processes; equilibrium in chemical processes-dynamic equilibrium; law of chemical equilibrium-law of mass action and equilibrium constant; homogeneous equilibria, equilibrium constant in gaseous systems |
| Relationship between Kp and Kc; heterogeneous equilibria; applications of equilibrium constant; relationship between equilibrium constant K, reaction quotient Q and Gibbs energy G; factors affecting equilibria |
| Le Chatlier principle application to industrial synthesis of ammonia and sulphur trioxide; ionic equilibrium in solutions; acids, bases, and salts-Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis concepts of acids and bases |
| Ionisation of acids and bases-ionisation constant of water and its ionic product, pH scaleionisation constants of weak acids, ionisation of weak bases, relation between Ka and Kb-Di and poly basic acids and di and poly acidic bases |
| Factors affecting acid strength, common ion effect in the ionization of acids and bases, hydrolysis of salts and ph of their solutions; buffer solutions-designing of buffer solution, preparation of acidic buffer |
| Solubility equilibria of sparingly soluble salts |
| Solubility product constant, common ion effect on solubility of salts |
Hydrogen and its compound |
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| Position of hydrogen in the periodic table; dihydrogen-occurance and isotopes; preparation and properties of dihydrogen; hydrides: Ionic, covalent, and non-stoichiometric hydrides; water: Physical properties; structure of water, ice |
| Chemical properties of water; hard and soft water, temporary and permanent hardness of water; hydrogen peroxide: Preparation; physical properties; structure and chemical properties; storage and uses; heavy water; hydrogen as a fuel |
S-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals) |
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| Group 1 elements: Alkali metals; electronic configurations; atomic and ionic radii; ionization enthalpy; hydration enthalpy; physical properties; chemical properties; uses; general characteristics of the compounds of the alkali metals: Oxides; halides |
| Group 1 elements: Salts of oxo acids; anomalous properties of lithium: Differences and similarities with other alkali metals, diagonal relationship; similarities between lithium and magnesium; some important compounds of sodium: Sodium carbonate |
| Group 1 elements: Sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide; sodium hydrogen carbonate; biological importance of sodium and potassium |
| Group 2 elements: Alkaline earth elements; electronic configuration; ionization enthalpy; hydration enthalpy; physical properties, chemical properties; uses |
| Group 2 elements: General characteristics of compounds of the alkaline earth metals: Oxides, hydroxides, halides, salts of oxoacids (carbonates; sulphates and nitrates); anomalous behaviour of beryllium; its diagonal relationship with aluminium |
| Group 2 elements: Some important compounds of calcium-preparation and uses of calcium oxide; calcium hydroxide; calcium carbonate; plaster of Paris; cement; biological importance of calcium and magnesium |
p-block elements-group 13 (boron family) |
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| General introduction-electronic configuration, atomic radii, ionization enthalpy, electro negativity; physical and chemical properties; important trends and anomalous properties of boron; some important compounds of boron-borax, ortho boric acid, diborane |
| Uses of boron, aluminium and their compounds |
p-block elements-group 14 (carbon family) |
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| General introduction-electronic configuration, atomic radii, ionization enthalpy, electro negativity; physical and chemical properties; important trends and anomalous properties of carbon; allotropes of carbon; uses of carbon |
| Some important compounds of carbon and silicon-carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, silica, silicones, silicates, and zeolites |
Environmental chemistry |
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| Definition of terms: Air, water, and soil pollutions; environmental pollution; atmospheric pollution; tropospheric pollution; gaseous air pollutants (oxides of sulphur; oxides of nitrogen; hydrocarbons; oxides of carbon (CO, CO2)) |
| Global warming and green house effect; acid rain-particulate pollutants, smog; stratospheric pollution: Formation and breakdown of ozone-ozone hole, effects of depletion of the Ozone Layer; water pollution: Causes of water pollution |
| International standards for drinking water; soil pollution: Pesticides, industrial wastes; strategies to control environmental pollution- waste management, collection, and disposal; green chemistry: Green chemistry in day-to-day life |
| Dry cleaning of clothes; bleaching of paper; synthesis of chemicals |
Organic chemistry-some basic principles and techniques, and hydrocarbons |
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| Some basic principles and techniques: General introduction; tetravalency of carbon: Shapes of organic compounds; structural representations of organic compounds; classification of organic compounds; nomenclature of organic compounds; isomerism |
| Some basic principles and techniques: Fundamental concepts in organic reaction mechanisms; fission of covalent bond; nucleophiles and electrophiles; electron movements in organic reactions |
| Some basic principles and techniques: Electron displacement effects in covalent bonds: Inductive effect, resonance, resonance effect, electromeric effect, hyperconjugation; types of organic reactions; methods of purification of organic compounds |
| Some basic principles and techniques: Qualitative elemental analysis of organic compounds; quantitative elemental analysis of organic compounds |
| Hydrocarbons: Classification of hydrocarbons; alkanes-nomenclature, isomerism (structural and conformations of ethane only); preparation of alkanes; properties-physical properties and chemical reactivity |
| Hydrocarbons: Alkanes-substitution reactions-halogenation(free radical mechanism), combustion, controlled oxidation, isomerisation, aromatization, reaction with steam and pyrolysis; alkenes-nomenclature, structure of ethene |
| Hydrocarbons: Alkenes-isomerism (structural and geometrical); methods of preparation |
| Hydrocarbons: Alkenes-properties-physical and chemical reactions: Addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, sulphuric acid, hydrogen halides (mechanism-ionic and peroxide effect, Markovnikov's, anti Markovnikov's or Kharasch effect) |
| Hydrocarbons: Alkenes-oxidation, ozonolysis, and polymerization; alkynes-nomenclature and isomerism, structure of acetylene; methods of preparation of acetylene |
| Hydrocarbons: Alkynes-physical properties, chemical reaction-acidic character of acetylene, addition reactions-of hydrogen, halogen, hydrogen halides and water; polymerization |
| Hydrocarbons: Aromatic hydrocarbons-nomenclature and isomerism, structure of benzene, resonance and aromaticity; preparation of benzene. Physical properties. Chemical properties: Mechanism of electrophilic substitution |
| Hydrocarbons: Electrophilic substitution reactions-nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation; directive influence of functional groups in mono substituted benzene, carcinogenicity and toxicity |
Solid state |
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| General characteristics of solid state; amorphous and crystalline solids; classification of crystalline solids based on different binding forces (molecular, ionic, metallic and covalent solids); probing the structure of solids: X-ray crystallography |
| Crystal lattices and unit cells |
| Bravais lattices primitive and centred unit cells; number of atoms in a unit cell (primitive, body centred, and face centred cubic unit cell) |
| Close packed structures: Close packing in one dimension, in two dimensions, and in three dimensions, tetrahedral and octahedral voids, formula of a compound and number of voids filled, locating tetrahedral and octahedral voids |
| Packing efficiency in simple cubic, bcc and in hcp, ccp lattice; calculations involving unit cell dimensions-density of the unit cell; imperfections in solids-types of point defects-stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric defects |
| Electrical properties-conduction of electricity in metals, semiconductors and insulators, band theory of metals; magnetic properties |
Solutions |
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| Types of solutions; expressing concentration of solutions-mass percentage, volume percentage, mass by volume percentage, parts per million, mole fraction, molarity and molality |
| Solubility: Solubility of a solid in a liquid, solubility of a gas in a liquid, Henry's law; vapour pressure of liquid solutions: Vapour pressure of liquid-liquid solutions |
| Raoult's law as a special case of Henry's law-vapour pressure of solutions of solids in liquids; ideal and non-ideal solutions; colligative properties and determination of molar mass-relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point |
| Depression of freezing point, osmosis and osmotic pressure, reverse osmosis and water purification; abnormal molar masses-Van't Hoff factor |
Electrochemistry and chemical kinetics |
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| Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cells; galvanic cells: Measurement of electrode potentials; Nernst equation-equilibrium constant from Nernst equation, electro chemical cell and Gibbs energy of the cell reaction |
| Electrochemistry: Conductance of electrolytic solutions measurement of the conductivity of ionic solutions-variation of conductivity and molar conductivity with concentration, strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes, applications of Kohlrausch’s law |
| Electrochemistry: Electrolytic cells and electrolysis-Faraday's laws of electrolysis products of electrolysis; batteries: Primary batteries and secondary batteries; fuel cells; corrosion of metals-hydrogen economy |
| Chemical kinetics: Rate of a chemical reaction; Factors influencing rate of a reaction: Dependence of rate on concentration-rate expression and rate constant-order of a reaction, molecularity of a reaction |
| Chemical kinetics: Integrated rate equations-zero order reactions, first order reactions, half life of a reaction; pseudo first order reaction; temperature dependence of the rate of a reaction-effect of catalyst |
| Chemical kinetics: Collision theory of chemical reaction rates |
Surface chemistry |
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| Adsorption and absorption: Distinction between adsorption and absorption, mechanism of adsorption, types of adsorption, characteristics of physisorption, characteristics of chemisorptions, adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solution phase |
| Adsorption and absorption: Applications of adsorption |
| Catalysis: Catalysts, promoters and poisons, auto catalysis, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, adsorption theory of heterogeneous catalysis, important features of solid catalysts: (a) Activity |
| Catalysis: (b) Selectivity, shape, selective catalysis by zeolites, enzyme catalysis, characteristics and mechanism, catalysts in industry; colloids |
| Classification of colloids: Classification based on physical state of dispersed phase and dispersion medium, classification based on nature of interaction between dispersed phase and dispersion medium |
| Classification of colloids: Classification based on type of particles of the dispersed phase, multi molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids, cleansing action of soaps-preparation of colloids, purification of colloidal solutions |
| Classification of colloids: Properties of colloidal solutions-Tyndal effect, colour, Brownian movement, charge on colloidal particles, electrophoresis; emulsions; colloids around us-application of colloids |
General principles of metallurgy |
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| Occurrence of metals; concentration of ores-levigation, magnetic separation, froth floatation, leaching; extraction of crude metal from concentrated ore-conversion to oxide, reduction of oxide to the metal |
| Thermodynamic principles of metallurgy-Ellingham diagram, limitations, applications extraction of aluminium, iron, copper and zinc from their oxide; electrochemical principles of metallurgy; oxidation and reduction |
| Refining of crude metal-distillation, liquation, poling, electrolysis, zone refining and vapour phase refining; uses of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron |
P-block elements |
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| Group-15 elements: Occurrence-electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties; dinitrogen preparation, properties and uses |
| Group-15 elements: Compounds of nitrogen-preparation and properties of ammonia; oxides of nitrogen; preparation and properties of nitric acid; phosphorous allotropic forms; phosphine-preparation and properties; phosphorous halides; oxoacids of phosphorous |
| Group-16 elements: Occurrence-electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties; dioxygen-preparation, properties, and uses; simple oxides |
| Group-16 elements: Ozone-preparation, properties, structure, and uses; sulphur-allotropic forms; sulphur dioxide-preparation, properties, and uses; oxoacids of sulphur; sulphuric acid-industrial process of manufacture, properties, and uses |
| Group-17 elements: Occurrence, electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties; chlorine-preparation, properties, and uses |
| Group-17 elements: Hydrogen chloride-preparation, properties, and uses; oxoacids of halogens; interhalogen compounds |
| Group-18 elements: Occurrence, electronic configuration, ionization enthalpy, atomic radii, electron gain enthalpy |
| Group-18 elements: Physical and chemical properties-(a) xenon fluorine compounds-XeF2, XeF4, and XeF6-preparation, hydrolysis, and formation of fluoro anions-structures of XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 |
| Group-18 elements: Physical and chemical properties-(b) xenon-oxygen compounds XeO3 and XeOF4-their formation and structures |
d and f block elements, and coordination compounds |
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| d and f block elements: Position in the periodic table; electronic configuration of the d-block elements; general properties of the transition elements (d-block)-physical properties, variation in atomic and ionic sizes of transition series |
| d and f block elements: Ionisation enthalpies, oxidation states, trends in the M²+/M and M³+/M²+ standard electrode potentials, trends in stability of higher oxidation states, chemical reactivity and Eθ values, magnetic properties |
| d and f block elements: Formation of coloured ions, formation of complex compounds, catalytic properties, formation of interstitial compounds, alloy formation; some important compounds of transition elements-oxides and oxoanions of metals |
| d and f block elements: Preparation and properties of potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate-structures of chromate, dichromate, manganate and permanganate ions; inner transition elements (f-block), lanthanoids, electronic configuration |
| d and f block elements: Atomic and ionic sizes, oxidation states, general characteristics; actinoids-electronic configuration atomic and ionic sizes, oxidation states, general characteristics and comparison with lanthanoids |
| d and f block elements: Some applications of d and f block elements |
| Coordination compounds: Werner's theory of coordination compounds; definitions of some terms used in coordination compounds; nomenclature of coordination compounds-IUPAC nomenclature |
| Coordination compounds: Isomerism in coordination compounds-(a) stereo isomerism-geometrical and optical isomerism, (b) structural isomerism-linkage, coordination, ionisation, and hydrate isomerism; bonding in coordination compounds |
| Coordination compounds: (a) Valence bond theory-magnetic properties of coordination compounds, limitations of valence bond theory, (b) crystal field theory-(i) crystal field splitting in octahedral and tetrahedral coordination entities |
| Coordination compounds: (b) Crystal field theory-(ii) colour in coordination compounds-limitations of crystal field theory; bonding in metal carbonyls; stability of coordination compounds; importance and applications of coordination compounds |
Polymers |
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| Introduction; classification of polymers-classification based on source, structure, mode of polymerization, molecular forces and growth polymerization; types of polymerization reactions, addition polymerization or chain growth polymerization |
| Ionic polymerization, free radical mechanism, preparation of addition polymers, polythene, teflon and polyacrylonitrile, condensation polymerization or step growth polymerization, polyamides, preparation of Nylon 6,6, and nylon 6-poly esters |
| Terylene, bakelite, melamine, formaldehyde polymers; copolymerization, rubber, natural rubber, vulcanisation of rubber, synthetic rubbers, preparation of neoprene and buna-N; molecular mass of polymers, number average and weight average molecular masses |
| Poly dispersity index (PDI); biodegradable polymers-PHBV, Nylon 2-nylon 6; polymers of commercial importance-polypropene, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride (PVC), ureaformaldehyde resin, glyptal and bakelite-their monomers, structures, and uses |
Biomolecules |
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| Carbohydrates-classification of carbohydrates, monosaccharides: Preparation of glucose from sucrose and starch-properties and structure of glucose, D,L and (+), (-) configurations of glucose, Structure of fructose |
| Disaccharides: Sucrose-preparation, structure; invert sugar-structures of maltose and lactose-polysaccharides: Structures of starch, cellulose and glycogen-importance of carbohydrates |
| Amino acids: Natural aminoacids, classification of aminoacids, structures and D and L forms-Zwitter ions |
| Proteins: Structures, classification, fibrous, and globular-primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins, denaturation of proteins |
| Enzymes: Enzymes, mechanism of enzyme action |
| Vitamins: Explanation, names, classification of vitamins-sources of vitamins, deficiency diseases of different types of vitamins |
| Nucleic acids: Chemical composition of nucleic acids, structures of nucleic acids, DNA finger printing, biological functions of nucleic acids |
| Hormones: Definition, different types of hormones, their production, biological activity, diseases due to their abnormal activities |
Chemistry in everyday life |
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| Drugs and their classification: (a) Classification of drugs on the basis of pharmacological effect, (b) classification of drugs on the basis of drug action, (c) classification of drugs on the basis of chemical structure |
| Drugs and their classification: (d) Classification of drugs on the basis of molecular targets |
| Drug-target interaction, enzymes as drug targets (a) catalytic action of enzymes (b) drug-enzyme interaction, receptors as drug targets |
| Therapeutic action of different classes of drugs: Antacids, antihistamines, neurologically active drugs: Tranquilizers, analgesics-non-narcotic, narcotic analgesics, antimicrobial-antibiotics, antiseptics and disinfectants-antifertility drugs |
| Chemicals in food-artificial sweetening agents, food preservatives, antioxidants in food; cleansing agents-soaps and synthetic detergents-types and examples |
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes |
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| Classification and nomenclature; nature of CX bond |
| Methods of preparation: Alkyl halides and aryl halides-from alcohols, from hydrocarbons (a) by free radical halogenation (b) by electrophilic substitution (c) by replacement of diazonium group (Sandmeyer reaction) |
| Methods of preparation: Alkyl halides and aryl halides-from alcohols, from hydrocarbons (d) by the addition of hydrogen halides and halogens to alkenes-by halogen exchange(Finkelstein reaction) |
| Physical properties-melting and boiling points, density and solubility |
| Chemical reactions: Reactions of haloalkanes-(i) nucleophilic substitution reactions-(a) SN² mechanism, (b) SN¹ mechanism, (c) stereochemical aspects of nucleophilic substitution reactions-optical activity, (ii) elimination reactions |
| Chemical reactions: Reactions of haloalkanes-(iii) reaction with metals-reactions of haloarenes: (i) nucleophilic substitution, (ii) electrophilic substitution, and (iii) reaction with metals |
| Polyhalogen compounds: Uses and environmental effects of dichloro methane, trichloromethane, triiodomethane, tetrachloro methane, freons, and DDT |
Organic compounds containing C, H, and O like (alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids) |
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| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Classification; nomenclature: (a) Alcohols, (b) phenols, and (c) ethers; structures of hydroxy and ether functional groups |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Methods of preparation-alcohols from alkenes and carbonyl compounds (reduction and reaction with Grignard reagents); phenols from haloarenes, benzene sulphonic acid, diazonium salts, cumene |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Physical properties of alcohols and phenols; chemical reactions of alcohols and phenols (i) reactions involving cleavage of O-H bond-acidity of alcohols and phenols, esterification |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Chemical reactions of alcohols and phenols (ii) reactions involving cleavage of C-O bond-reactions with HX, PX3, dehydration and oxidation |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Chemical reactions of alcohols and phenols (iii) reactions of phenols-electrophilic aromatic substitution, Kolbe's reaction, Reimer-Tiemann reaction |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Reaction with zinc dust, oxidation; commercially important alcohols (methanol, ethanol); ethers-methods of preparation: By dehydration of alcohols |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Williamson synthesis-physical properties, chemical reactions: Cleavage of C-O bond and electrophilic substitution of aromatic ethers |
| Aldehydes and ketones: Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group; preparation of aldehydes and ketones-(1) by oxidation of alcohols, (2) by ,dehydrogenation of alcohols, (3) from hydrocarbons |
| Aldehydes and ketones: Preparation of aldehydes (1) from acyl chlorides, (2) from nitriles and esters, (3) from hydrocarbons-preparation of ketones, (1) from acyl chlorides, (2) from nitriles, (3) from benzene or substituted benzenes |
| Aldehydes and ketones: Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones; chemical reactions of aldehydes and ketones-nucleophilic addition, reduction, oxidation |
| Aldehydes and ketones: Reactions due to alpha hydrogen and other reactions (Cannizzaro reaction, electrophilic substitution reaction); uses of aldehydes and ketones |
| Carboxylic acids: Nomenclature and structure of carboxylgroup; methods of preparation of carboxylic acids (1) from primary alcohols and aldehydes, (2) from alkylbenzenes, (3) from nitriles and amides, (4) from Grignard reagents |
| Carboxylic acids: (5) From acyl halides and anhydrides, (6) from esters; physical properties; chemical reactions: (i) Reactions involving cleavage of O-H bondacidity, reactions with metals and alkalies |
| Carboxylic acids: Chemical reactions-(ii) reactions involving cleavage of C-OH bond-formation of anhydride, reactions with PCl5, PCl3, SOCl2, esterification and reaction with ammonia, (iii) reactions involving-COOH group-reduction, decarboxylation |
| Carboxylic acids: Chemical reactions-(iv) substitution reactions in the hydrocarbon part-halogenation and ring substitution; uses of carboxylic acids |
Organic compounds containing nitrogen |
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| Amines: Structure of amines; classification; nomenclature; preparation of amines: Reduction of nitro compounds, ammonolysis of alkyl halides, reduction of nitriles, reduction of amides |
| Amines: Gabriel phthalimide synthesis and Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction; physical properties; chemical reactions: Basic character of amines, alkylation, acylation, carbyl amine reaction, reaction with nitrous acid |
| Amines: Reaction with aryl sulphonyl chloride, electrophilic substitution of aromatic amines-bromination, nitration, and sulphonation |
| Diazonium salts: Methods of preparation of diazonium salts (by diazotization), physical properties; chemical reactions: Reactions involving displacement of nitrogen; sandmeyer reaction, Gatterman reaction, replacement by i) iodiode and fluoride ions |
| Diazonium salts: ii) Hydrogen, hydroxyl, and nitro groups; reactions involving retention of diazo group; coupling reactions; importance of diazonium salts in synthesis of aromatic compounds |
| Cyanides and isocyanides: Structure and nomenclature of cyanides and isocyanides; preparation, physical properties and chemical reactions of cyanides and isocyanides |
Diversity in the living world |
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| The living world: What is living?, diversity in the living world; taxonomic categories and taxonomical aids |
| Biological classification: Five kingdom classification-monera, protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia, three domains of life (six kingdom classification), viruses, viroids, prions, and lichens |
| Science of plants-botany: Origin, development, scope of botany, and branches of botany |
| Plant kingdom: Salient features, classification and alternation of generations of the plants of the following groups-algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms |
Structural organisation in plants-morphology |
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| Morphology of flowering plants: Vegetative-parts of a typical angiospermic plant; vegetative morphology and modifications, root, stem and leaf-types; venation, phyllotaxy |
| Morphology of flowering plants: Reproductive-inflorescence-racemose, cymose, and special types (in brief) |
| Morphology of flowering plants: Flower-parts of a flower and their detailed description; aestivation, placentation |
| Morphology of flowering plants: Fruits-types-true, false and parthenocarpic fruits |
Reproduction in plants |
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| Modes of reproduction: A sexual reproduction, binary fission, sporulation, budding, fragmentation, vegetative propagation in plants, sexual reproduction, overview of angiosperm life cycle |
| Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Stamen, microsporangium, pollen grain. Pistil, megasporangium (ovule) and embryo sac; development of male and female gametophytes. Pollination-types, agents, out breeding devices and pollen-pistil interaction |
| Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Double fertilization; post fertilisation events: Development of endosperm and embryo; development of seed, structure of dicotyledonous and monocotyledons seeds, significance of fruit and seed |
| Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony |
Plant systematics |
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| Taxonomy of angiosperms: Introduction. Types of systems of classification (in brief). Semitechnical description of a typical flowering plant. Description of families: Fabaceae, solanaceae, and liliaceae |
Cell structure and function |
|---|
| Cell-the unit of life: Cell-cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life-overview of the cell. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, ultra structure of plant cell (structure in detail and functions in brief), cell membrane, cell wall |
| Cell-the unit of life: Cell organelles-endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, plastids, ribosomes, golgi bodies, vacuoles, lysosomes, microbodies, centrosome and centriole, cilia, flagella, cytoskeleton and nucleus |
| Cell-the unit of life: Chromosomes-number, structural organization; nucleosome |
| Biomolecules: Structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids |
| Cell cycle and cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis-significance |
Internal organisation of plants |
|---|
| Histology and anatomy of flowering plants: Tissues-types, structure, and functions: Meristematic; permanent tissues-simple and complex tissues. Tissue systems-types, structure, and function: Epidermal, ground and vascular tissue systems |
| Histology and anatomy of flowering plants: Anatomy of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants-root, stem and leaf. Secondary growth in dicot stem and dicot root |
Plant Ecology |
|---|
| Ecological adaptations, succession, and ecological services: Introduction. Plant communities and ecological adaptations: Hydrophytes, mesophytes, and xerophytes. Plant succession |
| Ecological adaptations, succession, and ecological services: Ecological services-carbon fixation, oxygen release and pollination (in brief) |
Plant physiology |
|---|
| Transport in plants: Means of transport-diffusion, facilitated diffusion, passive symports and antiports, active transport, comparison of different transport processes, plant-water relations-water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis, imbibition |
| Transport in plants: Long distance transport of water-water movement up a plant, root pressure, transpiration pull, transpiration-opening and closing of stomata, transpiration and photosynthesis-a compromise, Uptake and transport of mineral nutrients |
| Transport in plants: Uptake of mineral ions, translocation of mineral ions, phloem transport: Flow from source to sink-the pressure flow or mass flow hypothesis |
| Mineral nutrition: Methods to study the mineral requirements of plants, essential mineral elements-criteria for essentiality, macronutrients, role of macro-and micronutrients, deficiency symptoms of essential elements, toxicity of micronutrients |
| Mineral nutrition: Mechanism of absorption of elements, translocation of solutes, soil as reservoir of essential elements, metabolism of nitrogen-nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, nodule formation |
| Enzymes: Chemical reactions, enzymatic conversions, nature of enzyme action, factors affecting enzyme activity, temperature and pH, concentration of substrate, classification and nomenclature of enzymes, cofactors |
| Photosynthesis in higher plants: Early experiments, site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis, light reaction, the electron transport-splitting of water, cyclic and non-cyclic photo phosphorylation, chemiosmotic hypothesis |
| Photosynthesis in higher plants: Biosynthetic phase-the primary acceptor of CO2, the Calvin cycle, the C4 pathway, photorespiration, factors affecting photosynthesis |
| Respiration of plants: Cellular respiration, glycolysis, fermentation, aerobic respiration-tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron transport system (ETS) and oxidative phosphorylation, the respiratory balance sheet, amphibolic pathway, respiratory quotient |
| Plant growth and development: Growth-plant growth, phases of growth, growth rates, conditions for growth, differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation, development, plant growth regulators-discovery |
| Plant growth and development: Physiological effects of plant growth regulators, auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid, seed dormancy, photoperiodism, vernalisation |
Microbiology |
|---|
| Bacteria: Morphology of bacteria, bacterial cell structure-nutrition, reproduction-sexual reproduction, conjugation, transformation, transduction, the importance of bacteria to humans |
| Viruses: Discovery, classification of viruses, structure of viruses, multiplication of bacteriophages-the lytic cycle, the lysogenic cycle, viral diseases in plants, viral diseases in humans |
Genetics |
|---|
| Principles of inheritance and variation: Mendel's experiments, inheritance of one gene (monohybrid cross)-back cross and test cross, law of dominance, law of segregation or law of purity of gametes |
| Principles of inheritance and variation: Deviations from Mendelian concept of dominance-incomplete dominance, codominance, explanation of the concept of dominance, inheritance of two genes-(dihybrid cross) law of independent assortment |
| Principles of inheritance and variation: Chromosomal theory of inheritance, linkage and recombination, mutations, significance of mutations |
Molecular biology |
|---|
| Molecular basis of inheritance: The DNA-structure of polynucleotide chain, packaging of DNA helix, the search for genetic material, transforming principle, biochemical characterisation of transforming principle, the genetic material is DNA |
| Molecular basis of inheritance: Properties of genetic material (DNA versus RNA), RNA world, replication-the experimental proof, the machinery and the enzymes, transcription-transcription unit, transcription unit and the gene |
| Molecular basis of inheritance: Types of RNA and the process of transcription, genetic code-mutations and genetic code, tRNA-the adapter molecule, translation, regulation of gene expression-the lac operon |
Biotechnology |
|---|
| Principles and processes of biotechnology: Principles of biotechnology-construction of the first artificial recombinant DNA molecule, tools of recombinant DNA technology-restriction enzymes, cloning vectors |
| Principles and processes of biotechnology: Competent host (for transformation with recombinant DNA), processes of recombinant DNA technology-isolation of the genetic material (DNA), cutting of DNA at specific locations |
| Principles and processes of biotechnology: Separation and isolation of DNA fragments, insertion of isolated gene into a suitable vector, amplification of gene of interest using PCR, insertion of recombinant DNA into the host, cell/ organism |
| Principles and processes of biotechnology: Selection of transformed host cells, obtaining the foreign gene product, downstream processing |
| Biotechnology and its applications: Biotechnological applications in agriculture-BT cotton, pest resistant plants, other applications of biotechnology-insulin, gene therapy, molecular diagnosis, ELISA, DNA fingerprinting |
| Biotechnology and its applications: Biosafety and ethical issues-biopiracy |
Plants, microbes, and human welfare |
|---|
| Strategies for enhancement in food production: Plant breeding-what is plant breeding?, wheat and rice, sugarcane, millets, plant breeding for disease resistance, methods of breeding for disease resistance, mutation |
| Strategies for enhancement in food production: Plant breeding for developing resistance to insect pests, plant breeding for improved food quality, single cell protein (SCP), tissue culture |
| Microbes in human welfare: Microbes in household products, microbes in industrial products-fermented beverages, antibiotics, chemicals, enzymes and other bioactive molecules, microbes in sewage treatment, primary treatment |
| Microbes in human welfare: Secondary treatment or biological treatment, microbes in production of biogas, microbes as biocontrol agents, biological control of pests and diseases, microbes as biofertilisers, challenges posed by microbes |
Zoology-diversity of living world |
|---|
| What is life?; nature, scope, and meaning of zoology; branches of zoology; need for classification-zoos as tools for classification; basic principles of classification: Biological system of classification-(phylogenetic classification only) |
| Levels or hierarchy of classification; nomenclature-Bi and trinominal; species concept; kingdom animalia; biodiversity-meaning and distribution, genetic diversity, species diversity, ecosystem diversity (alpha, beta, and gama) |
| Other attributes of biodiversity, role of biodiversity, threats to biodiversity, methods of conservation, IUCN red data books, conservation of wild life in India-legislation, preservation, organisations, threatened species |
Structural organization in animals |
|---|
| Levels of organization, multicellularity: Diploblastic and triploblastic conditions; asymmetry, symmetry: Radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry |
| Acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, and eucoelomates: Schizo and enterocoelomates (brief account of formation of coelom); tissues: Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues (make it a little more elobarative) |
Animal diversity-I: Invertebrate phyla |
|---|
| General characters-strictly restrict to 8 salient features only classification up to classes with two or three examples-brief account only |
| Porifera; cnidaria; ctenophora; platyhelminthes; nematoda; annelida (include earthworm as a type study); arthropoda; mollusca; echinodermata; hemichordata |
Animal diversity-II: Phylum-chordata |
|---|
| General characters-classification up to classes (brief account only with two or three examples) |
| Phylum: Chordata; sub phylum: Urochordata; sub phylum: Cephalochordata; (agriculture, pharmacy, veterinary etc) sub phylum: Vertebrata; super class: Agnatha, class cyclostomata; super class: Gnathostomata, super class pisces, class: Chondricthyes |
| Class: Osteichthyes; tetrapoda, class: Amphibia (including the brief type study of frog), class: Reptilia, class: Aves, class: Mammalia |
Locomotion and reproduction in protozoa |
|---|
| Locomotion: Definition, types of locomotor structures pseudopodia (basic idea of pseudopodia without going into different types), flagella and cilia (brief account giving two examples each) |
| Flagellar and ciliary movement-effective and recovery strokes in euglena, synchronal and metachronal movements in paramecium; reproduction: Definition, types |
| Asexual reproduction: Transverse binary fission in paramecium and longitudinal binary fission in euglena |
| Multiple fission, sexual reproduction |
Biology and human welfare |
|---|
| Parasitism and parasitic adaptation; health and disease: Introduction life cycle, pathogenecity, treatment and prevention (brief account only) 1. entamoeba histolytica 2. plasmodium vivax 3. ascaris lumbricoides 4. wuchereria bancrofti |
| Brief account of pathogenicity, treatment and prevention of typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, and ring worm; tobaco, drugs, and alcohol abuse (TDA abuse) |
Type study of periplaneta Americana |
|---|
| Habitat and habits; external features; locomotion; digestive system; respiratory system; circulatory system; excretory system; nervous system-sense organs, structure of ommatidium; reproductive system |
Ecology and environment |
|---|
| Organisms and environment: Ecology, population, communities, habitat, niche, biome and ecosphere (definitions only); ecosystem: Elementary aspects only, abiotic factors-light, temperature and water (biological effects only), ecological adaptations |
| Ecosystem: Population interactions; types, components, lake ecosystem; food chains, food web, productivity and energy flow in ecosystem, ecological pyramids-pyramids of numbers, biomass and energy |
| Nutritient cycling-carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous cycles (brief account); population attributes: Growth, natality, and mortality, age distribution, population regulation; environmental issues |
Human anatomy and physiology-I |
|---|
| Digestion and absorption: Alimentary canal and digestive glands; physiology of digestion and gastrointestinal hormones; peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats, egestion, calorific value of proteins |
| Digestion and absorption: Carbohydrates and fats, disorders of digestive system, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhoea |
| Breathing and respiration: Respiratory organs in animals; respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiratory movements, respiratory volumes |
| Breathing and respiration: Respiratory disorders-asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia, occupational respiratory disorders-asbestosis, silicosis, siderosis, black lung disease in coal mine workers |
Human anatomy and physiology-II |
|---|
| Body fluids and circulation: Lymphatic system; clotting of blood; human circulatory system-structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, double circulation, circulatory pathways, portal circulation and coronary circulation |
| Body fluids and circulation: Regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system: Hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure |
| Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion-ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism, excretory organs; human excretory system-structure of kidney and nephron; urine formation, osmoregulation |
| Excretory products and their elimination: Regulation of kidney function, renin-angiotensin, aldosterone system, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion |
| Excretory products and their elimination: Disorders-uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, glomerular nephritis, dialysis using artificial kidney, and kidney transplantation |
Human anatomy and physiology-III |
|---|
| Muscular and skeletal system: Skeletal muscle-ultra structure; contractile proteins and mechanism of muscle contraction, muscle fatigue, types of muscle fibres, skeletal system and its functions; joints; types of joints and structure of synovial joint |
| Muscular and skeletal system: Disorders of the muscular and skeletal system-myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout |
| Neural control and coordination: Nervous system in human beings-central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and somatic and autonomic neural system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse; reflex action; sensory perception; sense organs |
| Neural control and coordination: Brief description of other receptors; elementary structure and functioning of eye and ear, disorders of human neural system |
Human anatomy and physiology-IV |
|---|
| Endocrine system and chemical coordination: Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system-hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus gland, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea only) |
| Endocrine system and chemical coordination: Hormones of kidney, heart and gastrointestinal tract, role of hormones as messengers and regulators |
| Hypo and hyper activity and related disorders: Common disorders-dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome (diseases and disorders to be dealt in brief) |
| Immune system: Basic concepts of immunology-types of immunity-innate immunity, acquired immunity, active and passive immunity, cell mediated immunity and humoral immunity, cells of immune system, organs of immune system |
| Immune system: Soluble mediators of immunity and immunological disorders |
Human reproduction |
|---|
| Human reproductive system: Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis, spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilization, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation |
| Human reproductive system: Pregnancy, placenta formation, parturition, lactation (elementary idea) |
| Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis |
| Reproductive health: Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF-ET, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness) |
Genetics |
|---|
| Heredity and variation: Mendel's laws of inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila melanogaster grey, black body colour; long, vestigial wings), pleiotropy |
| Multiple alleles: Inheritance of blood groups and Rh-factor; codominance (blood groups as example); elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; skin colour in humans |
| Sex determination-in humans, birds, Fumea moth, genic balance theory of sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster and honey bees; sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness |
| Mendelian disorders in humans: Thalassemia, haemophilia, sickle celled anaemia, cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; chromosomal disorders-Down's syndrome, Turner's syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome; genome, human genome project and DNA finger printing |
Organic evolution |
|---|
| Origin of life, biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (palaeontological, comparative anatomical, embryological, and molecular evidences) |
| Theories of evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s theory of evolution-natural selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on bistonbitularia), mutation theory of Hugo De Vries |
| Modern synthetic theory of evolution-Hardy Weinberg law, evolutionary forces, types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; human evolution; speciation-allopatric, sympatric; reproductive isolation |
Applied biology |
|---|
| Beekeeping, animal husbandry: Fishery management, poultry management, dairy management; animal breeding; bio-medical technology: Diagnostic imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG |
| Application of biotechnology in health: Human insulin and vaccine production; gene therapy; transgenic animals; ELISA; vaccines, MABs, cancer biology, stem cells |
Physical world |
|---|
| What is physics?, scope and excitement of physics, physics, technology and society, fundamental forces in nature, gravitational force, electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force, towards unification of forces, nature of physical laws |
Units and measurement |
|---|
| Introduction, the international system of units, measurement of length, measurement of large distances, estimation of very small distances: Size of a molecule, range of lengths, measurement of mass, range of masses, measurement of time, accuracy |
| Precision of instruments and errors in measurement, systematic errors, random errors, least count error, absolute error, relative error and percentage error, combination of errors, significant figures |
| Rules for arithmetic operations with significant figures, rounding off the uncertain digits, rules for determining the uncertainty in the results of arithmetic calculations, dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional formulae and dimensional equations |
| Dimensional analysis and its applications, checking the dimensional consistency of equations, deducing relation among the physical quantities |
Motion in a straight line |
|---|
| Introduction, position, path length and displacement, average velocity and average speed, instantaneous velocity and speed, acceleration, kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated motion, relative velocity |
Motion in a plane |
|---|
| Introduction, scalars and vectors, position and displacement vectors, equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by real numbers, addition and subtraction of vectors-graphical method, resolution of vectors, vector addition-analytical method |
| Motion in a plane, position vector and displacement, velocity, acceleration, motion in a plane with constant acceleration, relative velocity in two dimensions, projectile motion, equation of path of a projectile, time of maximum height |
| Maximum height of a projectile, horizontal range of projectile, uniform circular motion |
Laws of motion |
|---|
| Introduction, Aristotle's fallacy, the law of inertia, Newton's first law of motion, Newton's second law of motion, Newton's third law of motion, impulse, conservation of momentum, equilibrium of a particle, common forces in mechanics, friction |
| Circular motion, motion of a car on a level road, motion of a car on a banked road, solving problems in mechanics |
Work, energy, and power |
|---|
| Introduction, the scalar product, notions of work and kinetic energy: The work-energy theorem, work, kinetic energy, work done by a variable force, the work-energy theorem for a variable force, the concept of potential energy |
| The conservation of mechanical energy, the potential energy of a spring, various forms of energy: The law of conservation of energy, heat, chemical energy, electrical energy, the equivalence of mass and energy, nuclear energy |
| The principle of conservation of energy, power, collisions, elastic and inelastic collisions, collisions in one dimension, coefficient of restitution and its determination, collisions in two dimensions |
Systems of particles and rotational motion |
|---|
| Introduction, what kind of motion can a rigid body have?, centre of mass, centre of gravity, motion of centre of mass, linear momentum of a system of particles, vector product of two vectors, angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity |
| Angular acceleration, kinematics of rotational motion about a fixed axis, torque and angular momentum, moment of force (torque), angular momentum of particle, torque and angular momentum for a system of a particles, conservation of angular momentum |
| Equilibrium of a rigid body, principle of moments, moment of inertia, theorems of perpendicular and parallel axes, theorem of perpendicular axes, theorem of parallel axes, dynamics of rotational motion about a fixed axis |
| Angular momentum in case of rotations about a fixed axis, conservation of angular momentum, rolling motion, kinetic energy of rolling motion |
Oscillations |
|---|
| Introduction, periodic and oscillatory motions, period and frequency, displacement, simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.), simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion, velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic motion |
| Force law for simple harmonic motion, energy in simple harmonic motion, some systems executing simple harmonic motion, oscillations due to a spring, the simple pendulum, damped simple harmonic motion, forced oscillations and resonance |
Gravitation |
|---|
| Introduction, Kepler's laws, universal law of gravitation, the gravitational constant, acceleration due to gravity of the earth, acceleration due to gravity below and above the surface of earth, gravitational potential energy, escape speed earth satellite |
| Energy of an orbiting satellite, geostationary and polar satellites, weightlessness |
Mechanical properties of solids |
|---|
| Introduction, elastic behaviour of solids, stress and strain, Hooke's law, stress-strain curve, elastic moduli, Young's modulus, determination of Young's modulus of the material of a wire, shear modulus, bulk modulus, Poisson's ratio |
| Applications of elastic behaviour of materials |
Mechanical properties of fluids |
|---|
| Introduction, pressure, Pascal's law, variation of pressure with depth, atmosphere pressure and gauge pressure, hydraulic machines, streamline flow, Bernoulli's principle, speed of efflux: Torricelli's law, Venturi-meter, blood flow and heart attack |
| Dynamic lift, viscosity, variation of viscosity of fluids with temperature, stokes' law, Reynolds number, surface tension, surface energy, surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, drops and bubbles, capillary rise |
| Detergents and surface tension |
Thermal properties of matter |
|---|
| Introduction, temperature and heat, measurement of temperature, ideal-gas equation and absolute temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, change of state, regelation, latent heat, heat transfer, conduction, thermal conductivity |
| Convection, radiation, black body radiation, greenhouse effect, Newton's law of cooling |
Thermodynamics |
|---|
| Introduction, thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, heat, internal energy and work, first law of thermodynamics, specific heat capacity, thermodynamic state variables and equation of state, thermodynamic process, quasi-static process |
| Isothermal process, adiabatic process, isochoric process, isobaric process, cyclic process, heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps, second law of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, Carnot engine, Carnot's theorem |
Kinetic theory |
|---|
| Introduction, molecular nature of matter, behaviour of gases, Boyle's law, Charles' law, kinetic theory of an ideal gas, pressure of an ideal gas, law of equipartition of energy, specific heat capacity, monatomic gases, diatomic gases, polyatomic gases |
| Specific heat capacity of solids, specific heat capacity of water, mean free path |
Waves |
|---|
| Introduction, transverse and longitudinal waves, displacement relation in a progressive wave, the speed of a travelling wave, the principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, beats, Doppler effect |
Ray optics and optical instruments |
|---|
| Introduction, reflection of light by spherical mirrors, refraction, total internal reflection, refraction at spherical surfaces and by lenses, refraction through a prism, dispersion by a prism, some natural phenomena due to sunlight, optical instruments |
Wave optics |
|---|
| Introduction, Huygens principle, refraction and reflection of plane waves using Huygens principle, coherent and incoherent addition of waves, interference of light waves and Young's experiment, diffraction, polarization |
Electric charges and fields |
|---|
| Introduction, electric charges, conductors and insulators, charging by induction, basic properties of electric charge, Coulomb's law, forces between multiple charges, electric field, electric field lines, electric flux, electric dipole |
| Dipole in a uniform external field, continuous charge distribution, Gauss's law, application of Gauss's law |
Electrostatic potential and capacitance |
|---|
| Introduction, electrostatic potential, potential due to a point charge, potential due to an electric dipole, potential due to a system of charges, equipotential surfaces, potential energy of a system of charges, potential energy in an external field |
| Electrostatics of conductors, dielectrics and polarization, capacitors and capacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, effect of dielectric on capacitance, combination of capacitors, energy stored in a capacitor, Van de Graaff generator |
Current electricity |
|---|
| Introduction, electric current, electric currents in conductors, Ohm's law, drift of electrons and the origin of resistivity, limitations of Ohm's law, resistivity of various materials, temperature dependence of resistivity, electrical energy, power |
| Combination of resistors-series and parallel, cells, EMF, internal resistance, cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's laws, Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge, potentiometer |
Moving charges and magnetism |
|---|
| Introduction, magnetic force, motion in a magnetic field, motion in combined electric and magnetic fields, magnetic field due to a current element, Biot-Savart law, magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop, Ampere's circuital law |
| The solenoid and the toroid, force between two parallel currents, the ampere, torque on current loop, magnetic dipole, the moving coil galvanometer |
Magnetism and matter |
|---|
| Introduction, the bar magnet, magnetism and Gauss's law, the Earth's magnetism, magnetization and magnetic intensity, magnetic properties of materials, permanent magnets and electromagnets |
Electromagnetic induction |
|---|
| Introduction, the experiments of Faraday and Henry, magnetic flux, Faraday's law of induction, Lenz's law and conservation of energy, motional electromotive force, energy consideration: A quantitative study, Eddy currents, inductance, AC generator |
Alternating current |
|---|
| Introduction, AC voltage applied to a resistor, representation of AC current and voltage by rotating vectors-phasors, AC voltage applied to an inductor, AC voltage applied to a capacitor, AC voltage applied to a series LCR circuit |
| Power in AC circuit: The power factor, LC oscillations, transformers |
Electromagnetic waves |
|---|
| Introduction, displacement current, electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum |
Dual nature of radiation and matter |
|---|
| Introduction, electron emission, photoelectric effect, experimental study of photoelectric effect, photoelectric effect and wave theory of light, Einstein's photoelectric equation: Energy quantum of radiation |
| Particle nature of light: The photon, wave nature of matter, Davisson and Germer experiment |
Atoms |
|---|
| Introduction, alpha-particle scattering and Rutherford's nuclear model of atom, atomic spectra, Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the line spectra of the hydrogen atom, De Broglie's explanation of Bohr's second postulate of quantisation |
Nuclei |
|---|
| Introduction, atomic masses and composition of nucleus, size of the nucleus, mass-energy and nuclear binding energy, nuclear force, radioactivity, nuclear energy |
Semiconductor electronics: Materials, devices, and simple circuits |
|---|
| Introduction, classification of materials: Metals, semiconductors and insulators, intrinsic semiconductor, extrinsic semiconductor, p-n junction, semiconductor diode, application of junction diode as a rectifier, special purpose p-n junction diodes |
| Junction transistor, digital electronics and logic gates, integrated circuits |
Communication systems |
|---|
| Introduction, elements of a communication system, basic terminology used in electronic communication systems, bandwidth of signals, bandwidth of transmission medium, propagation of electromagnetic waves, modulation and its necessity, amplitude modulation |
| Production of amplitude modulated wave, detection of amplitude modulated wave |
Atomic structure |
|---|
| Introduction; sub-atomic particles; atomic models-Thomson's model; Rutherford's nuclear model of atom, drawbacks; developments to the Bohr's model of atom; nature of electromagnetic radiation |
| Particle nature of electromagnetic radiation Planck's quantum theory; Bohr's model for hydrogen atom; explanation of line spectrum of hydrogen; limitations of Bohr's model; quantum mechanical considerations of sub atomic particles |
| Dual behaviour of matter; Heisenberg's uncertainty principle; quantum mechanical model of an atom |
| Important features of quantum mechanical model of atom; orbitals and quantum numbers; shapes of atomic orbitals; energies of orbitals; filling of orbitals in atoms |
| Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity; electronic configurations of atoms; stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals |
Classification of elements and periodicity in properties |
|---|
| Need to classify elements; genesis of periodic classification; modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table; nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100; electronic configuration of elements and the periodic table |
| Electronic configuration and types of elements s, p, d, and f blocks; trends in physical properties: (a) Atomic radius, (b) ionic radius (c) variation of size in inner transition elements, (d) ionization enthalpy, (e) electron gain enthalpy |
| Trends in physical properties: (f) Electro negativity; periodic trends in chemical properties: (a) Valence or oxidation states, (b) anomalous properties of second period elements-diagonal relationship; periodic trends and chemical reactivity |
Chemical bonding and molecular structure |
|---|
| Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bonding, octet rule, representation of simple molecules, formal charges, limitations of octet rule; ionic or electrovalent bond-factors favourable for the formation of ionic compounds, crystal structure of sodium chloride |
| Lattice enthalpy; general properties of ionic compounds; bond parameters-bond length, bond angle, bond enthalpy, bond order, resonance-polarity of bonds dipole moment; valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theories |
| Predicting the geometry of simple molecules; valence bond theory, orbital overlap concept, directional properties of bonds, overlapping of atomic orbitals, strength of sigma and pi bonds, factors favouring the formation of covalent bonds |
| Hybridisation-different types of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals, shapes of simple covalent molecules; coordinate bond-definition with examples |
| Molecular orbital theory, formation of molecular orbitals, linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO), conditions for combination of atomic orbitals, energy level diagrams for molecular orbitals |
| Bonding in some homo nuclear diatomic molecules-H2, He2, Li2, B2, C2, N2, and O2; hydrogen bonding cause of formation of hydrogen bond, types of hydrogen bonds, inter and intra molecular general properties of hydrogen bonds |
States of matter: gases and liquids |
|---|
| Intermolecular forces; thermal energy; intermolecular forces vs. thermal interactions; the gaseous state; the gas laws; ideal gas equation; Graham's law of diffusion-Dalton's law of partial pressures; kinetic molecular theory of gases |
| Kinetic gas equation of an ideal gas (no derivation) deduction of gas laws from kinetic gas equation; distribution of molecular speeds-rms, average and most probable speeds-kinetic energy of gas molecules |
| Behaviour of real gases-deviation from Ideal gas behaviour-compressibility factor vs. pressure diagrams of real gases; liquefaction of gases |
| Liquid state-properties of liquids in terms of inter molecular interactions, vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only. No mathematical derivation) |
Stoichiometry |
|---|
| Some basic concepts-properties of matter, uncertainty in measurement, significant figures, dimensional analysis; laws of chemical combinations, law of conservation of mass, law of definite proportions, law of multiple proportions |
| Gay-Lussac's law of gaseous volumes, Dalton's atomic theory, Avogadro's law, atomic and molecular masses-mole concept and molar mass |
| Concept of equivalent weight; percentage composition of compounds and calculations of empirical and molecular formulae of compounds; stoichiometry and stoichiometric calculations; methods of expressing concentrations of solutions-mass percent |
| Mole fraction, molarity, molality, and normality; redox reactions-classical idea of redox reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions-redox reactions in terms of electron transfer; oxidation number concept |
| Types of redox reactions-combination, decomposition, displacement, and disproportionation reactions; balancing of redox reactions-oxidation number method half reaction (ion-electron) method; redoxreactions in titrimetry |
Thermodynamics |
|---|
| Thermodynamic terms; the system and the surroundings; types of systems and surroundings; the state of the system; the Internal energy as a state function |
| (a) Work, (b) heat, (c) the general case, the first law of thermodynamics; applications; work; enthalpy, H-a useful new state function; extensive and intensive properties; heat capacity; the relationship between Cp and Cv |
| Measurement of ∆U and ∆H: Calorimetry; enthalpy change, ∆rh of reactions-reaction enthalpy (a) standard enthalpy of reactions, (b) enthalpy changes during phase transformations, (c) standard enthalpy of formation, (d) thermo chemical equations |
| Measurement of ∆U and ∆H: (e) Hess's law of constant heat summation; enthalpies for different types of reactions |
| (a) Standard enthalpy of combustion, (b) enthalpy of atomization, phase transition, sublimation and ionization, (c) bond enthalpy, (d) enthalpy of solution and dilution; spontaneity |
| (a) Is decrease in enthalpy a criterion for spontaneity? (b) entropy and spontaneity, the second law of thermodynamics, (c) Gibbs energy and spontaneity; Gibbs energy change and equilibrium; absolute entropy and the third law of thermodynamics |
Chemical equilibrium and acids-bases |
|---|
| Equilibrium in physical processes; equilibrium in chemical processes-dynamic equilibrium; law of chemical equilibrium-law of mass action and equilibrium constant; homogeneous equilibria, equilibrium constant in gaseous systems |
| Relationship between Kp and Kc; heterogeneous equilibria; applications of equilibrium constant; relationship between equilibrium constant K, reaction quotient Q and Gibbs energy G; factors affecting equilibria |
| Le Chatlier principle application to industrial synthesis of ammonia and sulphur trioxide; ionic equilibrium in solutions; acids, bases, and salts-Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis concepts of acids and bases |
| Ionisation of acids and bases-ionisation constant of water and its ionic product, pH scaleionisation constants of weak acids, ionisation of weak bases, relation between Ka and Kb-Di and poly basic acids and di and poly acidic bases |
| Factors affecting acid strength, common ion effect in the ionization of acids and bases, hydrolysis of salts and ph of their solutions; buffer solutions-designing of buffer solution, preparation of acidic buffer |
| Solubility equilibria of sparingly soluble salts |
| Solubility product constant, common ion effect on solubility of salts |
Hydrogen and its compound |
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| Position of hydrogen in the periodic table; dihydrogen-occurance and isotopes; preparation and properties of dihydrogen; hydrides: Ionic, covalent, and non-stoichiometric hydrides; water: Physical properties; structure of water, ice |
| Chemical properties of water; hard and soft water, temporary and permanent hardness of water; hydrogen peroxide: Preparation; physical properties; structure and chemical properties; storage and uses; heavy water; hydrogen as a fuel |
S-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals) |
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| Group 1 elements: Alkali metals; electronic configurations; atomic and ionic radii; ionization enthalpy; hydration enthalpy; physical properties; chemical properties; uses; general characteristics of the compounds of the alkali metals: Oxides; halides |
| Group 1 elements: Salts of oxo acids; anomalous properties of lithium: Differences and similarities with other alkali metals, diagonal relationship; similarities between lithium and magnesium; some important compounds of sodium: Sodium carbonate |
| Group 1 elements: Sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide; sodium hydrogen carbonate; biological importance of sodium and potassium |
| Group 2 elements: Alkaline earth elements; electronic configuration; ionization enthalpy; hydration enthalpy; physical properties, chemical properties; uses |
| Group 2 elements: General characteristics of compounds of the alkaline earth metals: Oxides, hydroxides, halides, salts of oxoacids (carbonates; sulphates and nitrates); anomalous behaviour of beryllium; its diagonal relationship with aluminium |
| Group 2 elements: Some important compounds of calcium-preparation and uses of calcium oxide; calcium hydroxide; calcium carbonate; plaster of Paris; cement; biological importance of calcium and magnesium |
p-block elements-group 13 (boron family) |
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| General introduction-electronic configuration, atomic radii, ionization enthalpy, electro negativity; physical and chemical properties; important trends and anomalous properties of boron; some important compounds of boron-borax, ortho boric acid, diborane |
| Uses of boron, aluminium and their compounds |
p-block elements-group 14 (carbon family) |
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| General introduction-electronic configuration, atomic radii, ionization enthalpy, electro negativity; physical and chemical properties; important trends and anomalous properties of carbon; allotropes of carbon; uses of carbon |
| Some important compounds of carbon and silicon-carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, silica, silicones, silicates, and zeolites |
Environmental chemistry |
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| Definition of terms: Air, water, and soil pollutions; environmental pollution; atmospheric pollution; tropospheric pollution; gaseous air pollutants (oxides of sulphur; oxides of nitrogen; hydrocarbons; oxides of carbon (CO, CO2)) |
| Global warming and green house effect; acid rain-particulate pollutants, smog; stratospheric pollution: Formation and breakdown of ozone-ozone hole, effects of depletion of the Ozone Layer; water pollution: Causes of water pollution |
| International standards for drinking water; soil pollution: Pesticides, industrial wastes; strategies to control environmental pollution- waste management, collection, and disposal; green chemistry: Green chemistry in day-to-day life |
| Dry cleaning of clothes; bleaching of paper; synthesis of chemicals |
Organic chemistry-some basic principles and techniques, and hydrocarbons |
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| Some basic principles and techniques: General introduction; tetravalency of carbon: Shapes of organic compounds; structural representations of organic compounds; classification of organic compounds; nomenclature of organic compounds; isomerism |
| Some basic principles and techniques: Fundamental concepts in organic reaction mechanisms; fission of covalent bond; nucleophiles and electrophiles; electron movements in organic reactions |
| Some basic principles and techniques: Electron displacement effects in covalent bonds: Inductive effect, resonance, resonance effect, electromeric effect, hyperconjugation; types of organic reactions; methods of purification of organic compounds |
| Some basic principles and techniques: Qualitative elemental analysis of organic compounds; quantitative elemental analysis of organic compounds |
| Hydrocarbons: Classification of hydrocarbons; alkanes-nomenclature, isomerism (structural and conformations of ethane only); preparation of alkanes; properties-physical properties and chemical reactivity |
| Hydrocarbons: Alkanes-substitution reactions-halogenation(free radical mechanism), combustion, controlled oxidation, isomerisation, aromatization, reaction with steam and pyrolysis; alkenes-nomenclature, structure of ethene |
| Hydrocarbons: Alkenes-isomerism (structural and geometrical); methods of preparation |
| Hydrocarbons: Alkenes-properties-physical and chemical reactions: Addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, sulphuric acid, hydrogen halides (mechanism-ionic and peroxide effect, Markovnikov's, anti Markovnikov's or Kharasch effect) |
| Hydrocarbons: Alkenes-oxidation, ozonolysis, and polymerization; alkynes-nomenclature and isomerism, structure of acetylene; methods of preparation of acetylene |
| Hydrocarbons: Alkynes-physical properties, chemical reaction-acidic character of acetylene, addition reactions-of hydrogen, halogen, hydrogen halides and water; polymerization |
| Hydrocarbons: Aromatic hydrocarbons-nomenclature and isomerism, structure of benzene, resonance and aromaticity; preparation of benzene. Physical properties. Chemical properties: Mechanism of electrophilic substitution |
| Hydrocarbons: Electrophilic substitution reactions-nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation; directive influence of functional groups in mono substituted benzene, carcinogenicity and toxicity |
Solid state |
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| General characteristics of solid state; amorphous and crystalline solids; classification of crystalline solids based on different binding forces (molecular, ionic, metallic and covalent solids); probing the structure of solids: X-ray crystallography |
| Crystal lattices and unit cells |
| Bravais lattices primitive and centred unit cells; number of atoms in a unit cell (primitive, body centred, and face centred cubic unit cell) |
| Close packed structures: Close packing in one dimension, in two dimensions, and in three dimensions, tetrahedral and octahedral voids, formula of a compound and number of voids filled, locating tetrahedral and octahedral voids |
| Packing efficiency in simple cubic, bcc and in hcp, ccp lattice; calculations involving unit cell dimensions-density of the unit cell; imperfections in solids-types of point defects-stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric defects |
| Electrical properties-conduction of electricity in metals, semiconductors and insulators, band theory of metals; magnetic properties |
Solutions |
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| Types of solutions; expressing concentration of solutions-mass percentage, volume percentage, mass by volume percentage, parts per million, mole fraction, molarity and molality |
| Solubility: Solubility of a solid in a liquid, solubility of a gas in a liquid, Henry's law; vapour pressure of liquid solutions: Vapour pressure of liquid-liquid solutions |
| Raoult's law as a special case of Henry's law-vapour pressure of solutions of solids in liquids; ideal and non-ideal solutions; colligative properties and determination of molar mass-relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point |
| Depression of freezing point, osmosis and osmotic pressure, reverse osmosis and water purification; abnormal molar masses-Van't Hoff factor |
Electrochemistry and chemical kinetics |
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| Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cells; galvanic cells: Measurement of electrode potentials; Nernst equation-equilibrium constant from Nernst equation, electro chemical cell and Gibbs energy of the cell reaction |
| Electrochemistry: Conductance of electrolytic solutions measurement of the conductivity of ionic solutions-variation of conductivity and molar conductivity with concentration, strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes, applications of Kohlrausch’s law |
| Electrochemistry: Electrolytic cells and electrolysis-Faraday's laws of electrolysis products of electrolysis; batteries: Primary batteries and secondary batteries; fuel cells; corrosion of metals-hydrogen economy |
| Chemical kinetics: Rate of a chemical reaction; Factors influencing rate of a reaction: Dependence of rate on concentration-rate expression and rate constant-order of a reaction, molecularity of a reaction |
| Chemical kinetics: Integrated rate equations-zero order reactions, first order reactions, half life of a reaction; pseudo first order reaction; temperature dependence of the rate of a reaction-effect of catalyst |
| Chemical kinetics: Collision theory of chemical reaction rates |
Surface chemistry |
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| Adsorption and absorption: Distinction between adsorption and absorption, mechanism of adsorption, types of adsorption, characteristics of physisorption, characteristics of chemisorptions, adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solution phase |
| Adsorption and absorption: Applications of adsorption |
| Catalysis: Catalysts, promoters and poisons, auto catalysis, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, adsorption theory of heterogeneous catalysis, important features of solid catalysts: (a) Activity |
| Catalysis: (b) Selectivity, shape, selective catalysis by zeolites, enzyme catalysis, characteristics and mechanism, catalysts in industry; colloids |
| Classification of colloids: Classification based on physical state of dispersed phase and dispersion medium, classification based on nature of interaction between dispersed phase and dispersion medium |
| Classification of colloids: Classification based on type of particles of the dispersed phase, multi molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids, cleansing action of soaps-preparation of colloids, purification of colloidal solutions |
| Classification of colloids: Properties of colloidal solutions-Tyndal effect, colour, Brownian movement, charge on colloidal particles, electrophoresis; emulsions; colloids around us-application of colloids |
General principles of metallurgy |
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| Occurrence of metals; concentration of ores-levigation, magnetic separation, froth floatation, leaching; extraction of crude metal from concentrated ore-conversion to oxide, reduction of oxide to the metal |
| Thermodynamic principles of metallurgy-Ellingham diagram, limitations, applications extraction of aluminium, iron, copper and zinc from their oxide; electrochemical principles of metallurgy; oxidation and reduction |
| Refining of crude metal-distillation, liquation, poling, electrolysis, zone refining and vapour phase refining; uses of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron |
P-block elements |
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| Group-15 elements: Occurrence-electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties; dinitrogen preparation, properties and uses |
| Group-15 elements: Compounds of nitrogen-preparation and properties of ammonia; oxides of nitrogen; preparation and properties of nitric acid; phosphorous allotropic forms; phosphine-preparation and properties; phosphorous halides; oxoacids of phosphorous |
| Group-16 elements: Occurrence-electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties; dioxygen-preparation, properties, and uses; simple oxides |
| Group-16 elements: Ozone-preparation, properties, structure, and uses; sulphur-allotropic forms; sulphur dioxide-preparation, properties, and uses; oxoacids of sulphur; sulphuric acid-industrial process of manufacture, properties, and uses |
| Group-17 elements: Occurrence, electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties; chlorine-preparation, properties, and uses |
| Group-17 elements: Hydrogen chloride-preparation, properties, and uses; oxoacids of halogens; interhalogen compounds |
| Group-18 elements: Occurrence, electronic configuration, ionization enthalpy, atomic radii, electron gain enthalpy |
| Group-18 elements: Physical and chemical properties-(a) xenon fluorine compounds-XeF2, XeF4, and XeF6-preparation, hydrolysis, and formation of fluoro anions-structures of XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 |
| Group-18 elements: Physical and chemical properties-(b) xenon-oxygen compounds XeO3 and XeOF4-their formation and structures |
d and f block elements, and coordination compounds |
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| d and f block elements: Position in the periodic table; electronic configuration of the d-block elements; general properties of the transition elements (d-block)-physical properties, variation in atomic and ionic sizes of transition series |
| d and f block elements: Ionisation enthalpies, oxidation states, trends in the M²+/M and M³+/M²+ standard electrode potentials, trends in stability of higher oxidation states, chemical reactivity and Eθ values, magnetic properties |
| d and f block elements: Formation of coloured ions, formation of complex compounds, catalytic properties, formation of interstitial compounds, alloy formation; some important compounds of transition elements-oxides and oxoanions of metals |
| d and f block elements: Preparation and properties of potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate-structures of chromate, dichromate, manganate and permanganate ions; inner transition elements (f-block), lanthanoids, electronic configuration |
| d and f block elements: Atomic and ionic sizes, oxidation states, general characteristics; actinoids-electronic configuration atomic and ionic sizes, oxidation states, general characteristics and comparison with lanthanoids |
| d and f block elements: Some applications of d and f block elements |
| Coordination compounds: Werner's theory of coordination compounds; definitions of some terms used in coordination compounds; nomenclature of coordination compounds-IUPAC nomenclature |
| Coordination compounds: Isomerism in coordination compounds-(a) stereo isomerism-geometrical and optical isomerism, (b) structural isomerism-linkage, coordination, ionisation, and hydrate isomerism; bonding in coordination compounds |
| Coordination compounds: (a) Valence bond theory-magnetic properties of coordination compounds, limitations of valence bond theory, (b) crystal field theory-(i) crystal field splitting in octahedral and tetrahedral coordination entities |
| Coordination compounds: (b) Crystal field theory-(ii) colour in coordination compounds-limitations of crystal field theory; bonding in metal carbonyls; stability of coordination compounds; importance and applications of coordination compounds |
Polymers |
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| Introduction; classification of polymers-classification based on source, structure, mode of polymerization, molecular forces and growth polymerization; types of polymerization reactions, addition polymerization or chain growth polymerization |
| Ionic polymerization, free radical mechanism, preparation of addition polymers, polythene, teflon and polyacrylonitrile, condensation polymerization or step growth polymerization, polyamides, preparation of Nylon 6,6, and nylon 6-poly esters |
| Terylene, bakelite, melamine, formaldehyde polymers; copolymerization, rubber, natural rubber, vulcanisation of rubber, synthetic rubbers, preparation of neoprene and buna-N; molecular mass of polymers, number average and weight average molecular masses |
| Poly dispersity index (PDI); biodegradable polymers-PHBV, Nylon 2-nylon 6; polymers of commercial importance-polypropene, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride (PVC), ureaformaldehyde resin, glyptal and bakelite-their monomers, structures, and uses |
Biomolecules |
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| Carbohydrates-classification of carbohydrates, monosaccharides: Preparation of glucose from sucrose and starch-properties and structure of glucose, D,L and (+), (-) configurations of glucose, Structure of fructose |
| Disaccharides: Sucrose-preparation, structure; invert sugar-structures of maltose and lactose-polysaccharides: Structures of starch, cellulose and glycogen-importance of carbohydrates |
| Amino acids: Natural aminoacids, classification of aminoacids, structures and D and L forms-Zwitter ions |
| Proteins: Structures, classification, fibrous, and globular-primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins, denaturation of proteins |
| Enzymes: Enzymes, mechanism of enzyme action |
| Vitamins: Explanation, names, classification of vitamins-sources of vitamins, deficiency diseases of different types of vitamins |
| Nucleic acids: Chemical composition of nucleic acids, structures of nucleic acids, DNA finger printing, biological functions of nucleic acids |
| Hormones: Definition, different types of hormones, their production, biological activity, diseases due to their abnormal activities |
Chemistry in everyday life |
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| Drugs and their classification: (a) Classification of drugs on the basis of pharmacological effect, (b) classification of drugs on the basis of drug action, (c) classification of drugs on the basis of chemical structure |
| Drugs and their classification: (d) Classification of drugs on the basis of molecular targets |
| Drug-target interaction, enzymes as drug targets (a) catalytic action of enzymes (b) drug-enzyme interaction, receptors as drug targets |
| Therapeutic action of different classes of drugs: Antacids, antihistamines, neurologically active drugs: Tranquilizers, analgesics-non-narcotic, narcotic analgesics, antimicrobial-antibiotics, antiseptics and disinfectants-antifertility drugs |
| Chemicals in food-artificial sweetening agents, food preservatives, antioxidants in food; cleansing agents-soaps and synthetic detergents-types and examples |
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes |
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| Classification and nomenclature; nature of CX bond |
| Methods of preparation: Alkyl halides and aryl halides-from alcohols, from hydrocarbons (a) by free radical halogenation (b) by electrophilic substitution (c) by replacement of diazonium group (Sandmeyer reaction) |
| Methods of preparation: Alkyl halides and aryl halides-from alcohols, from hydrocarbons (d) by the addition of hydrogen halides and halogens to alkenes-by halogen exchange(Finkelstein reaction) |
| Physical properties-melting and boiling points, density and solubility |
| Chemical reactions: Reactions of haloalkanes-(i) nucleophilic substitution reactions-(a) SN² mechanism, (b) SN¹ mechanism, (c) stereochemical aspects of nucleophilic substitution reactions-optical activity, (ii) elimination reactions |
| Chemical reactions: Reactions of haloalkanes-(iii) reaction with metals-reactions of haloarenes: (i) nucleophilic substitution, (ii) electrophilic substitution, and (iii) reaction with metals |
| Polyhalogen compounds: Uses and environmental effects of dichloro methane, trichloromethane, triiodomethane, tetrachloro methane, freons, and DDT |
Organic compounds containing C, H, and O like (alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids) |
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| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Classification; nomenclature: (a) Alcohols, (b) phenols, and (c) ethers; structures of hydroxy and ether functional groups |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Methods of preparation-alcohols from alkenes and carbonyl compounds (reduction and reaction with Grignard reagents); phenols from haloarenes, benzene sulphonic acid, diazonium salts, cumene |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Physical properties of alcohols and phenols; chemical reactions of alcohols and phenols (i) reactions involving cleavage of O-H bond-acidity of alcohols and phenols, esterification |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Chemical reactions of alcohols and phenols (ii) reactions involving cleavage of C-O bond-reactions with HX, PX3, dehydration and oxidation |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Chemical reactions of alcohols and phenols (iii) reactions of phenols-electrophilic aromatic substitution, Kolbe's reaction, Reimer-Tiemann reaction |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Reaction with zinc dust, oxidation; commercially important alcohols (methanol, ethanol); ethers-methods of preparation: By dehydration of alcohols |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Williamson synthesis-physical properties, chemical reactions: Cleavage of C-O bond and electrophilic substitution of aromatic ethers |
| Aldehydes and ketones: Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group; preparation of aldehydes and ketones-(1) by oxidation of alcohols, (2) by ,dehydrogenation of alcohols, (3) from hydrocarbons |
| Aldehydes and ketones: Preparation of aldehydes (1) from acyl chlorides, (2) from nitriles and esters, (3) from hydrocarbons-preparation of ketones, (1) from acyl chlorides, (2) from nitriles, (3) from benzene or substituted benzenes |
| Aldehydes and ketones: Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones; chemical reactions of aldehydes and ketones-nucleophilic addition, reduction, oxidation |
| Aldehydes and ketones: Reactions due to alpha hydrogen and other reactions (Cannizzaro reaction, electrophilic substitution reaction); uses of aldehydes and ketones |
| Carboxylic acids: Nomenclature and structure of carboxylgroup; methods of preparation of carboxylic acids (1) from primary alcohols and aldehydes, (2) from alkylbenzenes, (3) from nitriles and amides, (4) from Grignard reagents |
| Carboxylic acids: (5) From acyl halides and anhydrides, (6) from esters; physical properties; chemical reactions: (i) Reactions involving cleavage of O-H bondacidity, reactions with metals and alkalies |
| Carboxylic acids: Chemical reactions-(ii) reactions involving cleavage of C-OH bond-formation of anhydride, reactions with PCl5, PCl3, SOCl2, esterification and reaction with ammonia, (iii) reactions involving-COOH group-reduction, decarboxylation |
| Carboxylic acids: Chemical reactions-(iv) substitution reactions in the hydrocarbon part-halogenation and ring substitution; uses of carboxylic acids |
Organic compounds containing nitrogen |
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| Amines: Structure of amines; classification; nomenclature; preparation of amines: Reduction of nitro compounds, ammonolysis of alkyl halides, reduction of nitriles, reduction of amides |
| Amines: Gabriel phthalimide synthesis and Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction; physical properties; chemical reactions: Basic character of amines, alkylation, acylation, carbyl amine reaction, reaction with nitrous acid |
| Amines: Reaction with aryl sulphonyl chloride, electrophilic substitution of aromatic amines-bromination, nitration, and sulphonation |
| Diazonium salts: Methods of preparation of diazonium salts (by diazotization), physical properties; chemical reactions: Reactions involving displacement of nitrogen; sandmeyer reaction, Gatterman reaction, replacement by i) iodiode and fluoride ions |
| Diazonium salts: ii) Hydrogen, hydroxyl, and nitro groups; reactions involving retention of diazo group; coupling reactions; importance of diazonium salts in synthesis of aromatic compounds |
| Cyanides and isocyanides: Structure and nomenclature of cyanides and isocyanides; preparation, physical properties and chemical reactions of cyanides and isocyanides |
Diversity in the living world |
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| The living world: What is living?, diversity in the living world; taxonomic categories and taxonomical aids |
| Biological classification: Five kingdom classification-monera, protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia, three domains of life (six kingdom classification), viruses, viroids, prions, and lichens |
| Science of plants-botany: Origin, development, scope of botany, and branches of botany |
| Plant kingdom: Salient features, classification and alternation of generations of the plants of the following groups-algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms |
Structural organisation in plants-morphology |
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| Morphology of flowering plants: Vegetative-parts of a typical angiospermic plant; vegetative morphology and modifications, root, stem and leaf-types; venation, phyllotaxy |
| Morphology of flowering plants: Reproductive-inflorescence-racemose, cymose, and special types (in brief) |
| Morphology of flowering plants: Flower-parts of a flower and their detailed description; aestivation, placentation |
| Morphology of flowering plants: Fruits-types-true, false and parthenocarpic fruits |
Reproduction in plants |
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| Modes of reproduction: A sexual reproduction, binary fission, sporulation, budding, fragmentation, vegetative propagation in plants, sexual reproduction, overview of angiosperm life cycle |
| Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Stamen, microsporangium, pollen grain. Pistil, megasporangium (ovule) and embryo sac; development of male and female gametophytes. Pollination-types, agents, out breeding devices and pollen-pistil interaction |
| Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Double fertilization; post fertilisation events: Development of endosperm and embryo; development of seed, structure of dicotyledonous and monocotyledons seeds, significance of fruit and seed |
| Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony |
Plant systematics |
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| Taxonomy of angiosperms: Introduction. Types of systems of classification (in brief). Semitechnical description of a typical flowering plant. Description of families: Fabaceae, solanaceae, and liliaceae |
Cell structure and function |
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| Cell-the unit of life: Cell-cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life-overview of the cell. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, ultra structure of plant cell (structure in detail and functions in brief), cell membrane, cell wall |
| Cell-the unit of life: Cell organelles-endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, plastids, ribosomes, golgi bodies, vacuoles, lysosomes, microbodies, centrosome and centriole, cilia, flagella, cytoskeleton and nucleus |
| Cell-the unit of life: Chromosomes-number, structural organization; nucleosome |
| Biomolecules: Structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids |
| Cell cycle and cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis-significance |
Internal organisation of plants |
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| Histology and anatomy of flowering plants: Tissues-types, structure, and functions: Meristematic; permanent tissues-simple and complex tissues. Tissue systems-types, structure, and function: Epidermal, ground and vascular tissue systems |
| Histology and anatomy of flowering plants: Anatomy of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants-root, stem and leaf. Secondary growth in dicot stem and dicot root |
Plant Ecology |
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| Ecological adaptations, succession, and ecological services: Introduction. Plant communities and ecological adaptations: Hydrophytes, mesophytes, and xerophytes. Plant succession |
| Ecological adaptations, succession, and ecological services: Ecological services-carbon fixation, oxygen release and pollination (in brief) |
Plant physiology |
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| Transport in plants: Means of transport-diffusion, facilitated diffusion, passive symports and antiports, active transport, comparison of different transport processes, plant-water relations-water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis, imbibition |
| Transport in plants: Long distance transport of water-water movement up a plant, root pressure, transpiration pull, transpiration-opening and closing of stomata, transpiration and photosynthesis-a compromise, Uptake and transport of mineral nutrients |
| Transport in plants: Uptake of mineral ions, translocation of mineral ions, phloem transport: Flow from source to sink-the pressure flow or mass flow hypothesis |
| Mineral nutrition: Methods to study the mineral requirements of plants, essential mineral elements-criteria for essentiality, macronutrients, role of macro-and micronutrients, deficiency symptoms of essential elements, toxicity of micronutrients |
| Mineral nutrition: Mechanism of absorption of elements, translocation of solutes, soil as reservoir of essential elements, metabolism of nitrogen-nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, nodule formation |
| Enzymes: Chemical reactions, enzymatic conversions, nature of enzyme action, factors affecting enzyme activity, temperature and pH, concentration of substrate, classification and nomenclature of enzymes, cofactors |
| Photosynthesis in higher plants: Early experiments, site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis, light reaction, the electron transport-splitting of water, cyclic and non-cyclic photo phosphorylation, chemiosmotic hypothesis |
| Photosynthesis in higher plants: Biosynthetic phase-the primary acceptor of CO2, the Calvin cycle, the C4 pathway, photorespiration, factors affecting photosynthesis |
| Respiration of plants: Cellular respiration, glycolysis, fermentation, aerobic respiration-tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron transport system (ETS) and oxidative phosphorylation, the respiratory balance sheet, amphibolic pathway, respiratory quotient |
| Plant growth and development: Growth-plant growth, phases of growth, growth rates, conditions for growth, differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation, development, plant growth regulators-discovery |
| Plant growth and development: Physiological effects of plant growth regulators, auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid, seed dormancy, photoperiodism, vernalisation |
Microbiology |
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| Bacteria: Morphology of bacteria, bacterial cell structure-nutrition, reproduction-sexual reproduction, conjugation, transformation, transduction, the importance of bacteria to humans |
| Viruses: Discovery, classification of viruses, structure of viruses, multiplication of bacteriophages-the lytic cycle, the lysogenic cycle, viral diseases in plants, viral diseases in humans |
Genetics |
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| Principles of inheritance and variation: Mendel's experiments, inheritance of one gene (monohybrid cross)-back cross and test cross, law of dominance, law of segregation or law of purity of gametes |
| Principles of inheritance and variation: Deviations from Mendelian concept of dominance-incomplete dominance, codominance, explanation of the concept of dominance, inheritance of two genes-(dihybrid cross) law of independent assortment |
| Principles of inheritance and variation: Chromosomal theory of inheritance, linkage and recombination, mutations, significance of mutations |
Molecular biology |
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| Molecular basis of inheritance: The DNA-structure of polynucleotide chain, packaging of DNA helix, the search for genetic material, transforming principle, biochemical characterisation of transforming principle, the genetic material is DNA |
| Molecular basis of inheritance: Properties of genetic material (DNA versus RNA), RNA world, replication-the experimental proof, the machinery and the enzymes, transcription-transcription unit, transcription unit and the gene |
| Molecular basis of inheritance: Types of RNA and the process of transcription, genetic code-mutations and genetic code, tRNA-the adapter molecule, translation, regulation of gene expression-the lac operon |
Biotechnology |
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| Principles and processes of biotechnology: Principles of biotechnology-construction of the first artificial recombinant DNA molecule, tools of recombinant DNA technology-restriction enzymes, cloning vectors |
| Principles and processes of biotechnology: Competent host (for transformation with recombinant DNA), processes of recombinant DNA technology-isolation of the genetic material (DNA), cutting of DNA at specific locations |
| Principles and processes of biotechnology: Separation and isolation of DNA fragments, insertion of isolated gene into a suitable vector, amplification of gene of interest using PCR, insertion of recombinant DNA into the host, cell/ organism |
| Principles and processes of biotechnology: Selection of transformed host cells, obtaining the foreign gene product, downstream processing |
| Biotechnology and its applications: Biotechnological applications in agriculture-BT cotton, pest resistant plants, other applications of biotechnology-insulin, gene therapy, molecular diagnosis, ELISA, DNA fingerprinting |
| Biotechnology and its applications: Biosafety and ethical issues-biopiracy |
Plants, microbes, and human welfare |
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| Strategies for enhancement in food production: Plant breeding-what is plant breeding?, wheat and rice, sugarcane, millets, plant breeding for disease resistance, methods of breeding for disease resistance, mutation |
| Strategies for enhancement in food production: Plant breeding for developing resistance to insect pests, plant breeding for improved food quality, single cell protein (SCP), tissue culture |
| Microbes in human welfare: Microbes in household products, microbes in industrial products-fermented beverages, antibiotics, chemicals, enzymes and other bioactive molecules, microbes in sewage treatment, primary treatment |
| Microbes in human welfare: Secondary treatment or biological treatment, microbes in production of biogas, microbes as biocontrol agents, biological control of pests and diseases, microbes as biofertilisers, challenges posed by microbes |
Zoology-diversity of living world |
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| What is life?; nature, scope, and meaning of zoology; branches of zoology; need for classification-zoos as tools for classification; basic principles of classification: Biological system of classification-(phylogenetic classification only) |
| Levels or hierarchy of classification; nomenclature-Bi and trinominal; species concept; kingdom animalia; biodiversity-meaning and distribution, genetic diversity, species diversity, ecosystem diversity (alpha, beta, and gama) |
| Other attributes of biodiversity, role of biodiversity, threats to biodiversity, methods of conservation, IUCN red data books, conservation of wild life in India-legislation, preservation, organisations, threatened species |
Structural organization in animals |
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| Levels of organization, multicellularity: Diploblastic and triploblastic conditions; asymmetry, symmetry: Radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry |
| Acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, and eucoelomates: Schizo and enterocoelomates (brief account of formation of coelom); tissues: Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues (make it a little more elobarative) |
Animal diversity-I: Invertebrate phyla |
|---|
| General characters-strictly restrict to 8 salient features only classification up to classes with two or three examples-brief account only |
| Porifera; cnidaria; ctenophora; platyhelminthes; nematoda; annelida (include earthworm as a type study); arthropoda; mollusca; echinodermata; hemichordata |
Animal diversity-II: Phylum-chordata |
|---|
| General characters-classification up to classes (brief account only with two or three examples) |
| Phylum: Chordata; sub phylum: Urochordata; sub phylum: Cephalochordata; (agriculture, pharmacy, veterinary etc) sub phylum: Vertebrata; super class: Agnatha, class cyclostomata; super class: Gnathostomata, super class pisces, class: Chondricthyes |
| Class: Osteichthyes; tetrapoda, class: Amphibia (including the brief type study of frog), class: Reptilia, class: Aves, class: Mammalia |
Locomotion and reproduction in protozoa |
|---|
| Locomotion: Definition, types of locomotor structures pseudopodia (basic idea of pseudopodia without going into different types), flagella and cilia (brief account giving two examples each) |
| Flagellar and ciliary movement-effective and recovery strokes in euglena, synchronal and metachronal movements in paramecium; reproduction: Definition, types |
| Asexual reproduction: Transverse binary fission in paramecium and longitudinal binary fission in euglena |
| Multiple fission, sexual reproduction |
Biology and human welfare |
|---|
| Parasitism and parasitic adaptation; health and disease: Introduction life cycle, pathogenecity, treatment and prevention (brief account only) 1. entamoeba histolytica 2. plasmodium vivax 3. ascaris lumbricoides 4. wuchereria bancrofti |
| Brief account of pathogenicity, treatment and prevention of typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, and ring worm; tobaco, drugs, and alcohol abuse (TDA abuse) |
Type study of periplaneta Americana |
|---|
| Habitat and habits; external features; locomotion; digestive system; respiratory system; circulatory system; excretory system; nervous system-sense organs, structure of ommatidium; reproductive system |
Ecology and environment |
|---|
| Organisms and environment: Ecology, population, communities, habitat, niche, biome and ecosphere (definitions only); ecosystem: Elementary aspects only, abiotic factors-light, temperature and water (biological effects only), ecological adaptations |
| Ecosystem: Population interactions; types, components, lake ecosystem; food chains, food web, productivity and energy flow in ecosystem, ecological pyramids-pyramids of numbers, biomass and energy |
| Nutritient cycling-carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous cycles (brief account); population attributes: Growth, natality, and mortality, age distribution, population regulation; environmental issues |
Human anatomy and physiology-I |
|---|
| Digestion and absorption: Alimentary canal and digestive glands; physiology of digestion and gastrointestinal hormones; peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats, egestion, calorific value of proteins |
| Digestion and absorption: Carbohydrates and fats, disorders of digestive system, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhoea |
| Breathing and respiration: Respiratory organs in animals; respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiratory movements, respiratory volumes |
| Breathing and respiration: Respiratory disorders-asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia, occupational respiratory disorders-asbestosis, silicosis, siderosis, black lung disease in coal mine workers |
Human anatomy and physiology-II |
|---|
| Body fluids and circulation: Lymphatic system; clotting of blood; human circulatory system-structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, double circulation, circulatory pathways, portal circulation and coronary circulation |
| Body fluids and circulation: Regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system: Hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure |
| Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion-ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism, excretory organs; human excretory system-structure of kidney and nephron; urine formation, osmoregulation |
| Excretory products and their elimination: Regulation of kidney function, renin-angiotensin, aldosterone system, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion |
| Excretory products and their elimination: Disorders-uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, glomerular nephritis, dialysis using artificial kidney, and kidney transplantation |
Human anatomy and physiology-III |
|---|
| Muscular and skeletal system: Skeletal muscle-ultra structure; contractile proteins and mechanism of muscle contraction, muscle fatigue, types of muscle fibres, skeletal system and its functions; joints; types of joints and structure of synovial joint |
| Muscular and skeletal system: Disorders of the muscular and skeletal system-myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout |
| Neural control and coordination: Nervous system in human beings-central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and somatic and autonomic neural system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse; reflex action; sensory perception; sense organs |
| Neural control and coordination: Brief description of other receptors; elementary structure and functioning of eye and ear, disorders of human neural system |
Human anatomy and physiology-IV |
|---|
| Endocrine system and chemical coordination: Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system-hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus gland, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea only) |
| Endocrine system and chemical coordination: Hormones of kidney, heart and gastrointestinal tract, role of hormones as messengers and regulators |
| Hypo and hyper activity and related disorders: Common disorders-dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome (diseases and disorders to be dealt in brief) |
| Immune system: Basic concepts of immunology-types of immunity-innate immunity, acquired immunity, active and passive immunity, cell mediated immunity and humoral immunity, cells of immune system, organs of immune system |
| Immune system: Soluble mediators of immunity and immunological disorders |
Human reproduction |
|---|
| Human reproductive system: Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis, spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilization, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation |
| Human reproductive system: Pregnancy, placenta formation, parturition, lactation (elementary idea) |
| Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis |
| Reproductive health: Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF-ET, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness) |
Genetics |
|---|
| Heredity and variation: Mendel's laws of inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila melanogaster grey, black body colour; long, vestigial wings), pleiotropy |
| Multiple alleles: Inheritance of blood groups and Rh-factor; codominance (blood groups as example); elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; skin colour in humans |
| Sex determination-in humans, birds, Fumea moth, genic balance theory of sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster and honey bees; sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness |
| Mendelian disorders in humans: Thalassemia, haemophilia, sickle celled anaemia, cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; chromosomal disorders-Down's syndrome, Turner's syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome; genome, human genome project and DNA finger printing |
Organic evolution |
|---|
| Origin of life, biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (palaeontological, comparative anatomical, embryological, and molecular evidences) |
| Theories of evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s theory of evolution-natural selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on bistonbitularia), mutation theory of Hugo De Vries |
| Modern synthetic theory of evolution-Hardy Weinberg law, evolutionary forces, types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; human evolution; speciation-allopatric, sympatric; reproductive isolation |
Applied biology |
|---|
| Beekeeping, animal husbandry: Fishery management, poultry management, dairy management; animal breeding; bio-medical technology: Diagnostic imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG |
| Application of biotechnology in health: Human insulin and vaccine production; gene therapy; transgenic animals; ELISA; vaccines, MABs, cancer biology, stem cells |
Physical world |
|---|
| What is physics?, scope and excitement of physics, physics, technology and society, fundamental forces in nature, gravitational force, electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force, towards unification of forces, nature of physical laws |
Units and measurement |
|---|
| Introduction, the international system of units, measurement of length, measurement of large distances, estimation of very small distances: Size of a molecule, range of lengths, measurement of mass, range of masses, measurement of time, accuracy |
| Precision of instruments and errors in measurement, systematic errors, random errors, least count error, absolute error, relative error and percentage error, combination of errors, significant figures |
| Rules for arithmetic operations with significant figures, rounding off the uncertain digits, rules for determining the uncertainty in the results of arithmetic calculations, dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional formulae and dimensional equations |
| Dimensional analysis and its applications, checking the dimensional consistency of equations, deducing relation among the physical quantities |
Motion in a straight line |
|---|
| Introduction, position, path length and displacement, average velocity and average speed, instantaneous velocity and speed, acceleration, kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated motion, relative velocity |
Motion in a plane |
|---|
| Introduction, scalars and vectors, position and displacement vectors, equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by real numbers, addition and subtraction of vectors-graphical method, resolution of vectors, vector addition-analytical method |
| Motion in a plane, position vector and displacement, velocity, acceleration, motion in a plane with constant acceleration, relative velocity in two dimensions, projectile motion, equation of path of a projectile, time of maximum height |
| Maximum height of a projectile, horizontal range of projectile, uniform circular motion |
Laws of motion |
|---|
| Introduction, Aristotle's fallacy, the law of inertia, Newton's first law of motion, Newton's second law of motion, Newton's third law of motion, impulse, conservation of momentum, equilibrium of a particle, common forces in mechanics, friction |
| Circular motion, motion of a car on a level road, motion of a car on a banked road, solving problems in mechanics |
Work, energy, and power |
|---|
| Introduction, the scalar product, notions of work and kinetic energy: The work-energy theorem, work, kinetic energy, work done by a variable force, the work-energy theorem for a variable force, the concept of potential energy |
| The conservation of mechanical energy, the potential energy of a spring, various forms of energy: The law of conservation of energy, heat, chemical energy, electrical energy, the equivalence of mass and energy, nuclear energy |
| The principle of conservation of energy, power, collisions, elastic and inelastic collisions, collisions in one dimension, coefficient of restitution and its determination, collisions in two dimensions |
Systems of particles and rotational motion |
|---|
| Introduction, what kind of motion can a rigid body have?, centre of mass, centre of gravity, motion of centre of mass, linear momentum of a system of particles, vector product of two vectors, angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity |
| Angular acceleration, kinematics of rotational motion about a fixed axis, torque and angular momentum, moment of force (torque), angular momentum of particle, torque and angular momentum for a system of a particles, conservation of angular momentum |
| Equilibrium of a rigid body, principle of moments, moment of inertia, theorems of perpendicular and parallel axes, theorem of perpendicular axes, theorem of parallel axes, dynamics of rotational motion about a fixed axis |
| Angular momentum in case of rotations about a fixed axis, conservation of angular momentum, rolling motion, kinetic energy of rolling motion |
Oscillations |
|---|
| Introduction, periodic and oscillatory motions, period and frequency, displacement, simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.), simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion, velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic motion |
| Force law for simple harmonic motion, energy in simple harmonic motion, some systems executing simple harmonic motion, oscillations due to a spring, the simple pendulum, damped simple harmonic motion, forced oscillations and resonance |
Gravitation |
|---|
| Introduction, Kepler's laws, universal law of gravitation, the gravitational constant, acceleration due to gravity of the earth, acceleration due to gravity below and above the surface of earth, gravitational potential energy, escape speed earth satellite |
| Energy of an orbiting satellite, geostationary and polar satellites, weightlessness |
Mechanical properties of solids |
|---|
| Introduction, elastic behaviour of solids, stress and strain, Hooke's law, stress-strain curve, elastic moduli, Young's modulus, determination of Young's modulus of the material of a wire, shear modulus, bulk modulus, Poisson's ratio |
| Applications of elastic behaviour of materials |
Mechanical properties of fluids |
|---|
| Introduction, pressure, Pascal's law, variation of pressure with depth, atmosphere pressure and gauge pressure, hydraulic machines, streamline flow, Bernoulli's principle, speed of efflux: Torricelli's law, Venturi-meter, blood flow and heart attack |
| Dynamic lift, viscosity, variation of viscosity of fluids with temperature, stokes' law, Reynolds number, surface tension, surface energy, surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, drops and bubbles, capillary rise |
| Detergents and surface tension |
Thermal properties of matter |
|---|
| Introduction, temperature and heat, measurement of temperature, ideal-gas equation and absolute temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, change of state, regelation, latent heat, heat transfer, conduction, thermal conductivity |
| Convection, radiation, black body radiation, greenhouse effect, Newton's law of cooling |
Thermodynamics |
|---|
| Introduction, thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, heat, internal energy and work, first law of thermodynamics, specific heat capacity, thermodynamic state variables and equation of state, thermodynamic process, quasi-static process |
| Isothermal process, adiabatic process, isochoric process, isobaric process, cyclic process, heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps, second law of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, Carnot engine, Carnot's theorem |
Kinetic theory |
|---|
| Introduction, molecular nature of matter, behaviour of gases, Boyle's law, Charles' law, kinetic theory of an ideal gas, pressure of an ideal gas, law of equipartition of energy, specific heat capacity, monatomic gases, diatomic gases, polyatomic gases |
| Specific heat capacity of solids, specific heat capacity of water, mean free path |
Waves |
|---|
| Introduction, transverse and longitudinal waves, displacement relation in a progressive wave, the speed of a travelling wave, the principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, beats, Doppler effect |
Ray optics and optical instruments |
|---|
| Introduction, reflection of light by spherical mirrors, refraction, total internal reflection, refraction at spherical surfaces and by lenses, refraction through a prism, dispersion by a prism, some natural phenomena due to sunlight, optical instruments |
Wave optics |
|---|
| Introduction, Huygens principle, refraction and reflection of plane waves using Huygens principle, coherent and incoherent addition of waves, interference of light waves and Young's experiment, diffraction, polarization |
Electric charges and fields |
|---|
| Introduction, electric charges, conductors and insulators, charging by induction, basic properties of electric charge, Coulomb's law, forces between multiple charges, electric field, electric field lines, electric flux, electric dipole |
| Dipole in a uniform external field, continuous charge distribution, Gauss's law, application of Gauss's law |
Electrostatic potential and capacitance |
|---|
| Introduction, electrostatic potential, potential due to a point charge, potential due to an electric dipole, potential due to a system of charges, equipotential surfaces, potential energy of a system of charges, potential energy in an external field |
| Electrostatics of conductors, dielectrics and polarization, capacitors and capacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, effect of dielectric on capacitance, combination of capacitors, energy stored in a capacitor, Van de Graaff generator |
Current electricity |
|---|
| Introduction, electric current, electric currents in conductors, Ohm's law, drift of electrons and the origin of resistivity, limitations of Ohm's law, resistivity of various materials, temperature dependence of resistivity, electrical energy, power |
| Combination of resistors-series and parallel, cells, EMF, internal resistance, cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's laws, Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge, potentiometer |
Moving charges and magnetism |
|---|
| Introduction, magnetic force, motion in a magnetic field, motion in combined electric and magnetic fields, magnetic field due to a current element, Biot-Savart law, magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop, Ampere's circuital law |
| The solenoid and the toroid, force between two parallel currents, the ampere, torque on current loop, magnetic dipole, the moving coil galvanometer |
Magnetism and matter |
|---|
| Introduction, the bar magnet, magnetism and Gauss's law, the Earth's magnetism, magnetization and magnetic intensity, magnetic properties of materials, permanent magnets and electromagnets |
Electromagnetic induction |
|---|
| Introduction, the experiments of Faraday and Henry, magnetic flux, Faraday's law of induction, Lenz's law and conservation of energy, motional electromotive force, energy consideration: A quantitative study, Eddy currents, inductance, AC generator |
Alternating current |
|---|
| Introduction, AC voltage applied to a resistor, representation of AC current and voltage by rotating vectors-phasors, AC voltage applied to an inductor, AC voltage applied to a capacitor, AC voltage applied to a series LCR circuit |
| Power in AC circuit: The power factor, LC oscillations, transformers |
Electromagnetic waves |
|---|
| Introduction, displacement current, electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum |
Dual nature of radiation and matter |
|---|
| Introduction, electron emission, photoelectric effect, experimental study of photoelectric effect, photoelectric effect and wave theory of light, Einstein's photoelectric equation: Energy quantum of radiation |
| Particle nature of light: The photon, wave nature of matter, Davisson and Germer experiment |
Atoms |
|---|
| Introduction, alpha-particle scattering and Rutherford's nuclear model of atom, atomic spectra, Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the line spectra of the hydrogen atom, De Broglie's explanation of Bohr's second postulate of quantisation |
Nuclei |
|---|
| Introduction, atomic masses and composition of nucleus, size of the nucleus, mass-energy and nuclear binding energy, nuclear force, radioactivity, nuclear energy |
Semiconductor electronics: Materials, devices, and simple circuits |
|---|
| Introduction, classification of materials: Metals, semiconductors and insulators, intrinsic semiconductor, extrinsic semiconductor, p-n junction, semiconductor diode, application of junction diode as a rectifier, special purpose p-n junction diodes |
| Junction transistor, digital electronics and logic gates, integrated circuits |
Communication systems |
|---|
| Introduction, elements of a communication system, basic terminology used in electronic communication systems, bandwidth of signals, bandwidth of transmission medium, propagation of electromagnetic waves, modulation and its necessity, amplitude modulation |
| Production of amplitude modulated wave, detection of amplitude modulated wave |
Atomic structure |
|---|
| Introduction; sub-atomic particles; atomic models-Thomson's model; Rutherford's nuclear model of atom, drawbacks; developments to the Bohr's model of atom; nature of electromagnetic radiation |
| Particle nature of electromagnetic radiation Planck's quantum theory; Bohr's model for hydrogen atom; explanation of line spectrum of hydrogen; limitations of Bohr's model; quantum mechanical considerations of sub atomic particles |
| Dual behaviour of matter; Heisenberg's uncertainty principle; quantum mechanical model of an atom |
| Important features of quantum mechanical model of atom; orbitals and quantum numbers; shapes of atomic orbitals; energies of orbitals; filling of orbitals in atoms |
| Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity; electronic configurations of atoms; stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals |
Classification of elements and periodicity in properties |
|---|
| Need to classify elements; genesis of periodic classification; modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table; nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100; electronic configuration of elements and the periodic table |
| Electronic configuration and types of elements s, p, d, and f blocks; trends in physical properties: (a) Atomic radius, (b) ionic radius (c) variation of size in inner transition elements, (d) ionization enthalpy, (e) electron gain enthalpy |
| Trends in physical properties: (f) Electro negativity; periodic trends in chemical properties: (a) Valence or oxidation states, (b) anomalous properties of second period elements-diagonal relationship; periodic trends and chemical reactivity |
Chemical bonding and molecular structure |
|---|
| Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bonding, octet rule, representation of simple molecules, formal charges, limitations of octet rule; ionic or electrovalent bond-factors favourable for the formation of ionic compounds, crystal structure of sodium chloride |
| Lattice enthalpy; general properties of ionic compounds; bond parameters-bond length, bond angle, bond enthalpy, bond order, resonance-polarity of bonds dipole moment; valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theories |
| Predicting the geometry of simple molecules; valence bond theory, orbital overlap concept, directional properties of bonds, overlapping of atomic orbitals, strength of sigma and pi bonds, factors favouring the formation of covalent bonds |
| Hybridisation-different types of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals, shapes of simple covalent molecules; coordinate bond-definition with examples |
| Molecular orbital theory, formation of molecular orbitals, linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO), conditions for combination of atomic orbitals, energy level diagrams for molecular orbitals |
| Bonding in some homo nuclear diatomic molecules-H2, He2, Li2, B2, C2, N2, and O2; hydrogen bonding cause of formation of hydrogen bond, types of hydrogen bonds, inter and intra molecular general properties of hydrogen bonds |
States of matter: gases and liquids |
|---|
| Intermolecular forces; thermal energy; intermolecular forces vs. thermal interactions; the gaseous state; the gas laws; ideal gas equation; Graham's law of diffusion-Dalton's law of partial pressures; kinetic molecular theory of gases |
| Kinetic gas equation of an ideal gas (no derivation) deduction of gas laws from kinetic gas equation; distribution of molecular speeds-rms, average and most probable speeds-kinetic energy of gas molecules |
| Behaviour of real gases-deviation from Ideal gas behaviour-compressibility factor vs. pressure diagrams of real gases; liquefaction of gases |
| Liquid state-properties of liquids in terms of inter molecular interactions, vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only. No mathematical derivation) |
Stoichiometry |
|---|
| Some basic concepts-properties of matter, uncertainty in measurement, significant figures, dimensional analysis; laws of chemical combinations, law of conservation of mass, law of definite proportions, law of multiple proportions |
| Gay-Lussac's law of gaseous volumes, Dalton's atomic theory, Avogadro's law, atomic and molecular masses-mole concept and molar mass |
| Concept of equivalent weight; percentage composition of compounds and calculations of empirical and molecular formulae of compounds; stoichiometry and stoichiometric calculations; methods of expressing concentrations of solutions-mass percent |
| Mole fraction, molarity, molality, and normality; redox reactions-classical idea of redox reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions-redox reactions in terms of electron transfer; oxidation number concept |
| Types of redox reactions-combination, decomposition, displacement, and disproportionation reactions; balancing of redox reactions-oxidation number method half reaction (ion-electron) method; redoxreactions in titrimetry |
Thermodynamics |
|---|
| Thermodynamic terms; the system and the surroundings; types of systems and surroundings; the state of the system; the Internal energy as a state function |
| (a) Work, (b) heat, (c) the general case, the first law of thermodynamics; applications; work; enthalpy, H-a useful new state function; extensive and intensive properties; heat capacity; the relationship between Cp and Cv |
| Measurement of ∆U and ∆H: Calorimetry; enthalpy change, ∆rh of reactions-reaction enthalpy (a) standard enthalpy of reactions, (b) enthalpy changes during phase transformations, (c) standard enthalpy of formation, (d) thermo chemical equations |
| Measurement of ∆U and ∆H: (e) Hess's law of constant heat summation; enthalpies for different types of reactions |
| (a) Standard enthalpy of combustion, (b) enthalpy of atomization, phase transition, sublimation and ionization, (c) bond enthalpy, (d) enthalpy of solution and dilution; spontaneity |
| (a) Is decrease in enthalpy a criterion for spontaneity? (b) entropy and spontaneity, the second law of thermodynamics, (c) Gibbs energy and spontaneity; Gibbs energy change and equilibrium; absolute entropy and the third law of thermodynamics |
Chemical equilibrium and acids-bases |
|---|
| Equilibrium in physical processes; equilibrium in chemical processes-dynamic equilibrium; law of chemical equilibrium-law of mass action and equilibrium constant; homogeneous equilibria, equilibrium constant in gaseous systems |
| Relationship between Kp and Kc; heterogeneous equilibria; applications of equilibrium constant; relationship between equilibrium constant K, reaction quotient Q and Gibbs energy G; factors affecting equilibria |
| Le Chatlier principle application to industrial synthesis of ammonia and sulphur trioxide; ionic equilibrium in solutions; acids, bases, and salts-Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis concepts of acids and bases |
| Ionisation of acids and bases-ionisation constant of water and its ionic product, pH scaleionisation constants of weak acids, ionisation of weak bases, relation between Ka and Kb-Di and poly basic acids and di and poly acidic bases |
| Factors affecting acid strength, common ion effect in the ionization of acids and bases, hydrolysis of salts and ph of their solutions; buffer solutions-designing of buffer solution, preparation of acidic buffer |
| Solubility equilibria of sparingly soluble salts |
| Solubility product constant, common ion effect on solubility of salts |
Hydrogen and its compound |
|---|
| Position of hydrogen in the periodic table; dihydrogen-occurance and isotopes; preparation and properties of dihydrogen; hydrides: Ionic, covalent, and non-stoichiometric hydrides; water: Physical properties; structure of water, ice |
| Chemical properties of water; hard and soft water, temporary and permanent hardness of water; hydrogen peroxide: Preparation; physical properties; structure and chemical properties; storage and uses; heavy water; hydrogen as a fuel |
S-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals) |
|---|
| Group 1 elements: Alkali metals; electronic configurations; atomic and ionic radii; ionization enthalpy; hydration enthalpy; physical properties; chemical properties; uses; general characteristics of the compounds of the alkali metals: Oxides; halides |
| Group 1 elements: Salts of oxo acids; anomalous properties of lithium: Differences and similarities with other alkali metals, diagonal relationship; similarities between lithium and magnesium; some important compounds of sodium: Sodium carbonate |
| Group 1 elements: Sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide; sodium hydrogen carbonate; biological importance of sodium and potassium |
| Group 2 elements: Alkaline earth elements; electronic configuration; ionization enthalpy; hydration enthalpy; physical properties, chemical properties; uses |
| Group 2 elements: General characteristics of compounds of the alkaline earth metals: Oxides, hydroxides, halides, salts of oxoacids (carbonates; sulphates and nitrates); anomalous behaviour of beryllium; its diagonal relationship with aluminium |
| Group 2 elements: Some important compounds of calcium-preparation and uses of calcium oxide; calcium hydroxide; calcium carbonate; plaster of Paris; cement; biological importance of calcium and magnesium |
p-block elements-group 13 (boron family) |
|---|
| General introduction-electronic configuration, atomic radii, ionization enthalpy, electro negativity; physical and chemical properties; important trends and anomalous properties of boron; some important compounds of boron-borax, ortho boric acid, diborane |
| Uses of boron, aluminium and their compounds |
p-block elements-group 14 (carbon family) |
|---|
| General introduction-electronic configuration, atomic radii, ionization enthalpy, electro negativity; physical and chemical properties; important trends and anomalous properties of carbon; allotropes of carbon; uses of carbon |
| Some important compounds of carbon and silicon-carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, silica, silicones, silicates, and zeolites |
Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Definition of terms: Air, water, and soil pollutions; environmental pollution; atmospheric pollution; tropospheric pollution; gaseous air pollutants (oxides of sulphur; oxides of nitrogen; hydrocarbons; oxides of carbon (CO, CO2)) |
| Global warming and green house effect; acid rain-particulate pollutants, smog; stratospheric pollution: Formation and breakdown of ozone-ozone hole, effects of depletion of the Ozone Layer; water pollution: Causes of water pollution |
| International standards for drinking water; soil pollution: Pesticides, industrial wastes; strategies to control environmental pollution- waste management, collection, and disposal; green chemistry: Green chemistry in day-to-day life |
| Dry cleaning of clothes; bleaching of paper; synthesis of chemicals |
Organic chemistry-some basic principles and techniques, and hydrocarbons |
|---|
| Some basic principles and techniques: General introduction; tetravalency of carbon: Shapes of organic compounds; structural representations of organic compounds; classification of organic compounds; nomenclature of organic compounds; isomerism |
| Some basic principles and techniques: Fundamental concepts in organic reaction mechanisms; fission of covalent bond; nucleophiles and electrophiles; electron movements in organic reactions |
| Some basic principles and techniques: Electron displacement effects in covalent bonds: Inductive effect, resonance, resonance effect, electromeric effect, hyperconjugation; types of organic reactions; methods of purification of organic compounds |
| Some basic principles and techniques: Qualitative elemental analysis of organic compounds; quantitative elemental analysis of organic compounds |
| Hydrocarbons: Classification of hydrocarbons; alkanes-nomenclature, isomerism (structural and conformations of ethane only); preparation of alkanes; properties-physical properties and chemical reactivity |
| Hydrocarbons: Alkanes-substitution reactions-halogenation(free radical mechanism), combustion, controlled oxidation, isomerisation, aromatization, reaction with steam and pyrolysis; alkenes-nomenclature, structure of ethene |
| Hydrocarbons: Alkenes-isomerism (structural and geometrical); methods of preparation |
| Hydrocarbons: Alkenes-properties-physical and chemical reactions: Addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, sulphuric acid, hydrogen halides (mechanism-ionic and peroxide effect, Markovnikov's, anti Markovnikov's or Kharasch effect) |
| Hydrocarbons: Alkenes-oxidation, ozonolysis, and polymerization; alkynes-nomenclature and isomerism, structure of acetylene; methods of preparation of acetylene |
| Hydrocarbons: Alkynes-physical properties, chemical reaction-acidic character of acetylene, addition reactions-of hydrogen, halogen, hydrogen halides and water; polymerization |
| Hydrocarbons: Aromatic hydrocarbons-nomenclature and isomerism, structure of benzene, resonance and aromaticity; preparation of benzene. Physical properties. Chemical properties: Mechanism of electrophilic substitution |
| Hydrocarbons: Electrophilic substitution reactions-nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation; directive influence of functional groups in mono substituted benzene, carcinogenicity and toxicity |
Solid state |
|---|
| General characteristics of solid state; amorphous and crystalline solids; classification of crystalline solids based on different binding forces (molecular, ionic, metallic and covalent solids); probing the structure of solids: X-ray crystallography |
| Crystal lattices and unit cells |
| Bravais lattices primitive and centred unit cells; number of atoms in a unit cell (primitive, body centred, and face centred cubic unit cell) |
| Close packed structures: Close packing in one dimension, in two dimensions, and in three dimensions, tetrahedral and octahedral voids, formula of a compound and number of voids filled, locating tetrahedral and octahedral voids |
| Packing efficiency in simple cubic, bcc and in hcp, ccp lattice; calculations involving unit cell dimensions-density of the unit cell; imperfections in solids-types of point defects-stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric defects |
| Electrical properties-conduction of electricity in metals, semiconductors and insulators, band theory of metals; magnetic properties |
Solutions |
|---|
| Types of solutions; expressing concentration of solutions-mass percentage, volume percentage, mass by volume percentage, parts per million, mole fraction, molarity and molality |
| Solubility: Solubility of a solid in a liquid, solubility of a gas in a liquid, Henry's law; vapour pressure of liquid solutions: Vapour pressure of liquid-liquid solutions |
| Raoult's law as a special case of Henry's law-vapour pressure of solutions of solids in liquids; ideal and non-ideal solutions; colligative properties and determination of molar mass-relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point |
| Depression of freezing point, osmosis and osmotic pressure, reverse osmosis and water purification; abnormal molar masses-Van't Hoff factor |
Electrochemistry and chemical kinetics |
|---|
| Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cells; galvanic cells: Measurement of electrode potentials; Nernst equation-equilibrium constant from Nernst equation, electro chemical cell and Gibbs energy of the cell reaction |
| Electrochemistry: Conductance of electrolytic solutions measurement of the conductivity of ionic solutions-variation of conductivity and molar conductivity with concentration, strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes, applications of Kohlrausch’s law |
| Electrochemistry: Electrolytic cells and electrolysis-Faraday's laws of electrolysis products of electrolysis; batteries: Primary batteries and secondary batteries; fuel cells; corrosion of metals-hydrogen economy |
| Chemical kinetics: Rate of a chemical reaction; Factors influencing rate of a reaction: Dependence of rate on concentration-rate expression and rate constant-order of a reaction, molecularity of a reaction |
| Chemical kinetics: Integrated rate equations-zero order reactions, first order reactions, half life of a reaction; pseudo first order reaction; temperature dependence of the rate of a reaction-effect of catalyst |
| Chemical kinetics: Collision theory of chemical reaction rates |
Surface chemistry |
|---|
| Adsorption and absorption: Distinction between adsorption and absorption, mechanism of adsorption, types of adsorption, characteristics of physisorption, characteristics of chemisorptions, adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solution phase |
| Adsorption and absorption: Applications of adsorption |
| Catalysis: Catalysts, promoters and poisons, auto catalysis, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, adsorption theory of heterogeneous catalysis, important features of solid catalysts: (a) Activity |
| Catalysis: (b) Selectivity, shape, selective catalysis by zeolites, enzyme catalysis, characteristics and mechanism, catalysts in industry; colloids |
| Classification of colloids: Classification based on physical state of dispersed phase and dispersion medium, classification based on nature of interaction between dispersed phase and dispersion medium |
| Classification of colloids: Classification based on type of particles of the dispersed phase, multi molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids, cleansing action of soaps-preparation of colloids, purification of colloidal solutions |
| Classification of colloids: Properties of colloidal solutions-Tyndal effect, colour, Brownian movement, charge on colloidal particles, electrophoresis; emulsions; colloids around us-application of colloids |
General principles of metallurgy |
|---|
| Occurrence of metals; concentration of ores-levigation, magnetic separation, froth floatation, leaching; extraction of crude metal from concentrated ore-conversion to oxide, reduction of oxide to the metal |
| Thermodynamic principles of metallurgy-Ellingham diagram, limitations, applications extraction of aluminium, iron, copper and zinc from their oxide; electrochemical principles of metallurgy; oxidation and reduction |
| Refining of crude metal-distillation, liquation, poling, electrolysis, zone refining and vapour phase refining; uses of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron |
P-block elements |
|---|
| Group-15 elements: Occurrence-electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties; dinitrogen preparation, properties and uses |
| Group-15 elements: Compounds of nitrogen-preparation and properties of ammonia; oxides of nitrogen; preparation and properties of nitric acid; phosphorous allotropic forms; phosphine-preparation and properties; phosphorous halides; oxoacids of phosphorous |
| Group-16 elements: Occurrence-electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties; dioxygen-preparation, properties, and uses; simple oxides |
| Group-16 elements: Ozone-preparation, properties, structure, and uses; sulphur-allotropic forms; sulphur dioxide-preparation, properties, and uses; oxoacids of sulphur; sulphuric acid-industrial process of manufacture, properties, and uses |
| Group-17 elements: Occurrence, electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties; chlorine-preparation, properties, and uses |
| Group-17 elements: Hydrogen chloride-preparation, properties, and uses; oxoacids of halogens; interhalogen compounds |
| Group-18 elements: Occurrence, electronic configuration, ionization enthalpy, atomic radii, electron gain enthalpy |
| Group-18 elements: Physical and chemical properties-(a) xenon fluorine compounds-XeF2, XeF4, and XeF6-preparation, hydrolysis, and formation of fluoro anions-structures of XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 |
| Group-18 elements: Physical and chemical properties-(b) xenon-oxygen compounds XeO3 and XeOF4-their formation and structures |
d and f block elements, and coordination compounds |
|---|
| d and f block elements: Position in the periodic table; electronic configuration of the d-block elements; general properties of the transition elements (d-block)-physical properties, variation in atomic and ionic sizes of transition series |
| d and f block elements: Ionisation enthalpies, oxidation states, trends in the M²+/M and M³+/M²+ standard electrode potentials, trends in stability of higher oxidation states, chemical reactivity and Eθ values, magnetic properties |
| d and f block elements: Formation of coloured ions, formation of complex compounds, catalytic properties, formation of interstitial compounds, alloy formation; some important compounds of transition elements-oxides and oxoanions of metals |
| d and f block elements: Preparation and properties of potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate-structures of chromate, dichromate, manganate and permanganate ions; inner transition elements (f-block), lanthanoids, electronic configuration |
| d and f block elements: Atomic and ionic sizes, oxidation states, general characteristics; actinoids-electronic configuration atomic and ionic sizes, oxidation states, general characteristics and comparison with lanthanoids |
| d and f block elements: Some applications of d and f block elements |
| Coordination compounds: Werner's theory of coordination compounds; definitions of some terms used in coordination compounds; nomenclature of coordination compounds-IUPAC nomenclature |
| Coordination compounds: Isomerism in coordination compounds-(a) stereo isomerism-geometrical and optical isomerism, (b) structural isomerism-linkage, coordination, ionisation, and hydrate isomerism; bonding in coordination compounds |
| Coordination compounds: (a) Valence bond theory-magnetic properties of coordination compounds, limitations of valence bond theory, (b) crystal field theory-(i) crystal field splitting in octahedral and tetrahedral coordination entities |
| Coordination compounds: (b) Crystal field theory-(ii) colour in coordination compounds-limitations of crystal field theory; bonding in metal carbonyls; stability of coordination compounds; importance and applications of coordination compounds |
Polymers |
|---|
| Introduction; classification of polymers-classification based on source, structure, mode of polymerization, molecular forces and growth polymerization; types of polymerization reactions, addition polymerization or chain growth polymerization |
| Ionic polymerization, free radical mechanism, preparation of addition polymers, polythene, teflon and polyacrylonitrile, condensation polymerization or step growth polymerization, polyamides, preparation of Nylon 6,6, and nylon 6-poly esters |
| Terylene, bakelite, melamine, formaldehyde polymers; copolymerization, rubber, natural rubber, vulcanisation of rubber, synthetic rubbers, preparation of neoprene and buna-N; molecular mass of polymers, number average and weight average molecular masses |
| Poly dispersity index (PDI); biodegradable polymers-PHBV, Nylon 2-nylon 6; polymers of commercial importance-polypropene, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride (PVC), ureaformaldehyde resin, glyptal and bakelite-their monomers, structures, and uses |
Biomolecules |
|---|
| Carbohydrates-classification of carbohydrates, monosaccharides: Preparation of glucose from sucrose and starch-properties and structure of glucose, D,L and (+), (-) configurations of glucose, Structure of fructose |
| Disaccharides: Sucrose-preparation, structure; invert sugar-structures of maltose and lactose-polysaccharides: Structures of starch, cellulose and glycogen-importance of carbohydrates |
| Amino acids: Natural aminoacids, classification of aminoacids, structures and D and L forms-Zwitter ions |
| Proteins: Structures, classification, fibrous, and globular-primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins, denaturation of proteins |
| Enzymes: Enzymes, mechanism of enzyme action |
| Vitamins: Explanation, names, classification of vitamins-sources of vitamins, deficiency diseases of different types of vitamins |
| Nucleic acids: Chemical composition of nucleic acids, structures of nucleic acids, DNA finger printing, biological functions of nucleic acids |
| Hormones: Definition, different types of hormones, their production, biological activity, diseases due to their abnormal activities |
Chemistry in everyday life |
|---|
| Drugs and their classification: (a) Classification of drugs on the basis of pharmacological effect, (b) classification of drugs on the basis of drug action, (c) classification of drugs on the basis of chemical structure |
| Drugs and their classification: (d) Classification of drugs on the basis of molecular targets |
| Drug-target interaction, enzymes as drug targets (a) catalytic action of enzymes (b) drug-enzyme interaction, receptors as drug targets |
| Therapeutic action of different classes of drugs: Antacids, antihistamines, neurologically active drugs: Tranquilizers, analgesics-non-narcotic, narcotic analgesics, antimicrobial-antibiotics, antiseptics and disinfectants-antifertility drugs |
| Chemicals in food-artificial sweetening agents, food preservatives, antioxidants in food; cleansing agents-soaps and synthetic detergents-types and examples |
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes |
|---|
| Classification and nomenclature; nature of CX bond |
| Methods of preparation: Alkyl halides and aryl halides-from alcohols, from hydrocarbons (a) by free radical halogenation (b) by electrophilic substitution (c) by replacement of diazonium group (Sandmeyer reaction) |
| Methods of preparation: Alkyl halides and aryl halides-from alcohols, from hydrocarbons (d) by the addition of hydrogen halides and halogens to alkenes-by halogen exchange(Finkelstein reaction) |
| Physical properties-melting and boiling points, density and solubility |
| Chemical reactions: Reactions of haloalkanes-(i) nucleophilic substitution reactions-(a) SN² mechanism, (b) SN¹ mechanism, (c) stereochemical aspects of nucleophilic substitution reactions-optical activity, (ii) elimination reactions |
| Chemical reactions: Reactions of haloalkanes-(iii) reaction with metals-reactions of haloarenes: (i) nucleophilic substitution, (ii) electrophilic substitution, and (iii) reaction with metals |
| Polyhalogen compounds: Uses and environmental effects of dichloro methane, trichloromethane, triiodomethane, tetrachloro methane, freons, and DDT |
Organic compounds containing C, H, and O like (alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids) |
|---|
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Classification; nomenclature: (a) Alcohols, (b) phenols, and (c) ethers; structures of hydroxy and ether functional groups |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Methods of preparation-alcohols from alkenes and carbonyl compounds (reduction and reaction with Grignard reagents); phenols from haloarenes, benzene sulphonic acid, diazonium salts, cumene |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Physical properties of alcohols and phenols; chemical reactions of alcohols and phenols (i) reactions involving cleavage of O-H bond-acidity of alcohols and phenols, esterification |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Chemical reactions of alcohols and phenols (ii) reactions involving cleavage of C-O bond-reactions with HX, PX3, dehydration and oxidation |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Chemical reactions of alcohols and phenols (iii) reactions of phenols-electrophilic aromatic substitution, Kolbe's reaction, Reimer-Tiemann reaction |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Reaction with zinc dust, oxidation; commercially important alcohols (methanol, ethanol); ethers-methods of preparation: By dehydration of alcohols |
| Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Williamson synthesis-physical properties, chemical reactions: Cleavage of C-O bond and electrophilic substitution of aromatic ethers |
| Aldehydes and ketones: Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group; preparation of aldehydes and ketones-(1) by oxidation of alcohols, (2) by ,dehydrogenation of alcohols, (3) from hydrocarbons |
| Aldehydes and ketones: Preparation of aldehydes (1) from acyl chlorides, (2) from nitriles and esters, (3) from hydrocarbons-preparation of ketones, (1) from acyl chlorides, (2) from nitriles, (3) from benzene or substituted benzenes |
| Aldehydes and ketones: Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones; chemical reactions of aldehydes and ketones-nucleophilic addition, reduction, oxidation |
| Aldehydes and ketones: Reactions due to alpha hydrogen and other reactions (Cannizzaro reaction, electrophilic substitution reaction); uses of aldehydes and ketones |
| Carboxylic acids: Nomenclature and structure of carboxylgroup; methods of preparation of carboxylic acids (1) from primary alcohols and aldehydes, (2) from alkylbenzenes, (3) from nitriles and amides, (4) from Grignard reagents |
| Carboxylic acids: (5) From acyl halides and anhydrides, (6) from esters; physical properties; chemical reactions: (i) Reactions involving cleavage of O-H bondacidity, reactions with metals and alkalies |
| Carboxylic acids: Chemical reactions-(ii) reactions involving cleavage of C-OH bond-formation of anhydride, reactions with PCl5, PCl3, SOCl2, esterification and reaction with ammonia, (iii) reactions involving-COOH group-reduction, decarboxylation |
| Carboxylic acids: Chemical reactions-(iv) substitution reactions in the hydrocarbon part-halogenation and ring substitution; uses of carboxylic acids |
Organic compounds containing nitrogen |
|---|
| Amines: Structure of amines; classification; nomenclature; preparation of amines: Reduction of nitro compounds, ammonolysis of alkyl halides, reduction of nitriles, reduction of amides |
| Amines: Gabriel phthalimide synthesis and Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction; physical properties; chemical reactions: Basic character of amines, alkylation, acylation, carbyl amine reaction, reaction with nitrous acid |
| Amines: Reaction with aryl sulphonyl chloride, electrophilic substitution of aromatic amines-bromination, nitration, and sulphonation |
| Diazonium salts: Methods of preparation of diazonium salts (by diazotization), physical properties; chemical reactions: Reactions involving displacement of nitrogen; sandmeyer reaction, Gatterman reaction, replacement by i) iodiode and fluoride ions |
| Diazonium salts: ii) Hydrogen, hydroxyl, and nitro groups; reactions involving retention of diazo group; coupling reactions; importance of diazonium salts in synthesis of aromatic compounds |
| Cyanides and isocyanides: Structure and nomenclature of cyanides and isocyanides; preparation, physical properties and chemical reactions of cyanides and isocyanides |
Highest CTC 82.89 LPA | 98% Placement | 160+ Recruiters | Top Recruiters: Amazon, Adobe, Google, D.E. Shaw, Morgan Stanley, Deloitte, SAP and Many more
| Year | Student Appeared | Seats Available |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 119183 | None |
Candidates aspiring for TS EAMCET 2024 are advised to go through the preparation tips so as to perform well in the exam and get admission in the desired institute. Here are the tips mentioned below that you need to follow:
Go through the TS EAMCET syllabus
Know TS EAMCET exam pattern
Collect best books for TS EAMCET
Plan a proper timetable for the preparation
Start with the basic books
Practice from the previous year’s papers
Do not forget to revise
Don’t add new topics at the last minute of preparation
Candidates who are applying for the TS EAMCET 2024 admission test are advised to check the exam pattern. The information brochure will include the exam pattern, TS EAMCET examination mode, the type of questions asked, duration of examination, marking scheme, and much more.
TS EAMCET 2024 exam pattern helps the candidates to anaylse the examination pattern and prepare accordingly. Therefore it is quite important to know the exam pattern of TS EAMCET 2024 to strategize your preparation.
Particulars | Details |
Examination Mode | Online |
Duration of Exam | 3 Hours |
Medium of Exam | English, Urdu, and Telugu |
Question Type | MCQs |
Marking Scheme | No negative marks |
Number of Papers | 3 |
Number of Questions | 160 |
Marks | 160 |
No. of Sections | No. of Questions | Marks |
Physics | 40 | 40 |
Chemistry | 40 | 40 |
Mathematics | 80 | 80 |
JNTUH will release the mock test for TS EAMCET 2024 for the participants at the official website. Solving the mock test of TS EAMCET, the candidates will be able to prepare in a much better way for the real exam. TS EAMCET mock tests 2024 will allow candidates to have a real feeling of the exam. With the help of the login id and password, candidates can attempt the mock test.
Please note that after a successful login, the name and picture of the candidate will be visible on the top right corner of the computer screen. Candidates are advised to contact the invigilator if the name and picture shown on the screen don't match with theirs.
In addition to mock tests, to improve the preparation, candidates should solve the sample papers of TS EAMCET 2024. This will help them to understand the pattern of the exam in a much better way and will also be able to analyse their preparation.
TS EAMCET Sample Papers
Subjects | Sample Paper Download Links |
- |
TS EAMCET admit card 2024 will be issued by the authorities on the official website a few days prior to the scheduled examination. Candidates should remind that no one will be allowed to enter the examination hall if he/she fails to bring the admit card of TS EAMCET 2024.
TS EAMCET 2024 admit card consists details like name, roll number, examination date and timing along with the exam centre name and address.
How To Download Admit Card:
Open the official website of TS EAMCET
Click on the “ TS EAMCET Admit Card 2024” link.
Enter your application number and password.
Enter the captcha.
Click on the “Download TS EAMCET Admit Card” button.
Note: Take 2 printouts of the TS EAMCET admit card 2024 and save it for future reference.
How To Download Admit Card:
TS EAMCET Exam Day Guidelines:
Exam day guidelines for TS EAMCET 2023 will be available once the admit cards will be issued on their official website.
TS EAMCET 2024 Exam Day Guidelines:
Candidates must have their TS EAMCET admit card 2024 with them along with a valid ID proof as per the guidelines for exam day in order to enter the examination hall.
Put together all of your documents and stationery the day before to avoid rush.
Candidates must reach at least 60 minutes prior to reporting time, as mentioned in the TS EAMCET exam admit card.
Candidates should carry two passport-sized photos(same as uploaded in application form) with them if the photo on their TS EAMCET 2024 admit card is not clear.
Without submitting the OMR sheet to the invigilator in the exam hall, candidates are not permitted to leave the exam room.
Candidates are not allowed to carry any electronic devices like Bluetooth, calculators, smartwatches, cellphones, and others in the exam hall.
| State | City |
|---|---|
| Telangana | Hyderabad |
| K.V.Rangareddy | |
| Karimnagar | |
| Khammam | |
| Kodad | |
| Nalgonda | |
| Nizamabad | |
| Warangal (Urban) | |
| Palvoncha | |
| Sujathanagar | |
| Shamshabad | |
| Narsampet | |
| Hasanparthy | |
| Hanamkonda | |
| Armoor | |
| Adilabad | |
| Rudraram | |
| Mahabubnagar | |
| Siddipet | |
| Manthani | |
| Huzurabad | |
| Jagtial | |
| Sathupally | |
| Suryapet | |
| Moinabad | |
| Dundigal | |
| Ramoji Film City | |
| LB Nagar | |
| Medchal | |
| Ghatkesar | |
| Aushapur | |
| Secunderabad | |
| Nacharam | |
| Abids | |
| Andhra Pradesh | Tirupati |
| Vijayawada | |
| Visakhapatnam | |
| Kurnool | |
| Guntur |
The authorities will release the TS EAMCET answer key 2024 after a few days of successful conduction of the entrance test. The answer key of TS EAMCET 2024 will be available for the candidates on the official website and can be downloaded using their login credentials.
Through TS EAMCET 2024 answer key, candidates can compare their answers and calculate their expected score in the entrance examination. Although the scores speculated from this answer are just an approximation and are subject to change on release of the final answer key.
Open the official website
Click on the “TS EAPCET Answer Key 2024” link.
The answer key PDF will open up.
Take the printout of this answer key
Verify your answers.
Calculate your expected scores.
Candidates can below check TS EAMCET previous year answer key:
TS EAMCET Answer Key 2023
TS EAMCET Answer Key 2021
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad will declare the TS EAMCET result 2024 on the official website. Candidates who appeared for the examination will be able to check their result using their TS EAMCET 2024 login details on the official website. The marks secured by the candidates will be the basis for their admission to the institutes.
Visit the official website of Telangana State EAMCET
Click on the “TS EAMCET 2024 Result” link.
Enter your registration number and password.
Click on “Download Result”.
Take the printout of the result of TS EAMCET..
TS EAMCET 2024 results will have details about marks obtained by the candidate in the exam and qualifying status. TSCHE will also release the TS EAMCET 2024 rank card which have details about individual subject, rank, and other details of candidate.
Details mentioned on the TS EAMCET 2024 result:
The followings are the details specified on the result of TS EAMCET,
Tie Breaking Rules In TS EAMCET Result:
In case of more than one student securing the same score, the tie shall be resolved to decide the relative ranking by successively considering the following:
The total normalised marks secured by the candidates in TS EAMCET 2024
The normalised marks secured by the candidates in Mathematics
The normalised marks secured the candidates in Physics
The percentage of aggregate marks secured by the candidates in the qualifying examination
If the tie still persists the date of birth of the concerned candidates will be taken into account and the older one will be given preference over the younger.
| Topper Name | Rank | EAMCET Marks |
Sanapalla Anirudh | 1 | 158.898780 |
Yakkanti Phani Venkata Maneendhar Reddy | 2 | 158.591169 |
Challa Umesh Varun | 3 | 156.942768 |
Abhineet Manjety | 4 | 156.582397 |
Pannathota Pramod Kumar Reddy | 5 | 156.015502 |
Maradana Dheeraj Kumar | 6 | 156.015502 |
Vadde Shanvitha Reddy | 7 | 155.951537 |
Boyina Sanjana | 8 | 155.543256 |
Nandyala Prince Branham Reddy | 9 | 155.338544 |
Meesala Pranathi Sreeja | 10 | 155.020583 |
The authorities prepares the TS EAMCET cutoff on the basis of various factors such as the total number of applicants, difficulty level, performance level, previous year cutoff trends and more. In order to qualify the TS EAMCET entrance exam, the candidates will have to secure a minimum qualifying percentage of marks which is 25%. There is no minimum qualifying percentage for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe candidates.
Candidates will be able to download the TS EAMCET 2024 cutoff pdf and check the ranks within which admission is offered by various institutes. The cutoff of TS EAMCET 2024 will be different for various institutes/colleges and specializations and will also differ for different categories.
With the help of combined score obtained by normalized score (75% weightage) and Marks scored in relevant group subjects (Namely Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics/Biology) order of merit will be prepared. After considering a few facts like no. of participants, cutoff trends, and more, the cutoff for TS EAMCET 2024 will be decided. Only those candidates will get a chance of participating in the counselling process whose score will be equal to or more than the determined cutoff.
The selection process for TS EAMCET 2024 includes the following steps:
Apply for TS EAMCET 2024 once the application form is available.
Download the admit card after successfully completing the application process.
Appear for the entrance examination.
Check the answer key and result for the TS EAMCET.
If qualified, participate in online counselling.
| State | City |
|---|---|
| Telangana | Hyderabad |
| Validity of Exam Result: | For 1 Year |
| Mode of Exam: | Online |
| Contacts: | +91-991233073 |
| +1 More | |
| Relevant Links: | Official Website Link Click Here |
| +1 More |
Answer:
Candidates will have to pay the application fee of Rs. 900 (Rs. 500 for candidates belonging to reserved category).
Answer:
Candidates must be residents of Telangana or Andhra Pradesh or must be satisfying the local/non-local status in order to appear in the exam.
Answer:
Candidates will be able to check the result of TS EAMCET in an online mode by providing a registration number and hall ticket number.
Answer:
Yes, qualified candidates are required to pay the counselling fee of Rs. 1200 (OC/BC category) and Rs. 600 (SC/ST category).
Hello aspirant,
JNTU Hyderabad has released the eligibility criteria for TS EAMCET 2024 on the official website eamcet.tsche.ac.in. The eligibility details are provided in the information brochure. It is important for students to review the TS EAMCET eligibility criteria 2024 before completing the application form. The criteria include the minimum qualifications necessary to apply for TS EAMCET.
To know the eligibility criteria, please visit the following link:
https://engineering.careers360.com/articles/ts-eamcet-eligibility-criteria
Thank you
Hope it helps helps you.
it's Answer is No... Eamcet or Eapcet is a state level Entrance Exam.. Only Telangana State Students can Write the Exam..
Hello aspirant,
Hope you are doing great.
In order to get best rank in EAMCET exam, you need to prepare all the topics which are there for the exam i.e. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. You need to be thorough with all the concepts mentioned in the subjects. Go through them every day. Be sure to understand the concept, then only you will be able to complete the entire syllabus.
Hope this helps!!
You can get rank below 80-90K , can't advise to go without preparation
Hello,
Here are a few things to keep in mind for the TS EAMCET exam:
1) Understand the Exam Pattern: understand the exam pattern, including the number of questions, marking scheme, and time duration. This will help you plan your preparation accordingly.
2) create a study schedule: Make a study schedule that covers all the subjects and topics included in the syllabus. Give enough time for each subject and do regular revision.
3) Practice previous year question papers: Solve previous year question papers and sample papers to get an idea of the exam pattern and types of questions asked.
4) Focus on understanding the concepts: Instead of just trying to memorize the subjects, focus on understanding the concepts behind them. This will help you apply your knowledge to different types of questions.
5) Take mock tests: Practice taking mock tests to understand the exam environment and improve your speed and accuracy.
6) Stay updated with current affairs: Keep yourself updated with current affairs, especially in the fields of science, technology, and medicine.
Hope this helps,
all the best
+91-991233073
+91-991233073
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