IR: Know YOUR world

FAST FACTS

Programme: MA International Relations; MA Defence & Strategic Studies
Key institutes: JNU; University of Pune; University of Allahabad; Jindal School of International Affairs; South Asian University; Jadavpur University
Work areas: Security organizations; media houses; public/private organizations (think tanks, non-profits); international organisations (UN/World bank), Foreign Services and teaching
Job roles: Political Analyst, Research Analyst, Ambassador/Diplomat/Political Journalist,

KAPIL Patel radiates immense satisfaction as he finishes a 6-month rigorous project on global nuclear order and its implications in India. Kapil is a Research Associate at India Pugwash Society, a think tank which finds solutions for global security threats. His analysis sheds light on several questions of national importance - how India is modernizing its armed forces? Why is India not able to develop enough technology in defence sector? India imports 70% and exports 30% of weapons/ammunitions - how can we reverse the ratio? Kapil’s work included sifting through all international treaties, press releases, parliamentary reports, journals, and interviewed nuclear scientists, bureaucrats and ambassadors across the world. Kapil credits his success to an MA in Defence & Strategic Studies followed by MPhil in International Relations.

What prompted his interest in these subjects? “I always had deep passion to know about the world. Especially, the impact of science and technology on policies and strategies of countries,” shares Kapil.

C17 Globemaster aircraft acceptance ceremony at Boeing

Understanding world affairs 

Many issues can inspire your interest in the realm of International Relations (IR) and Defence and Strategic Studies. Your curiosity over global affairs cuts across any issue, be it politics, sociology, history, geography or science and technology. A course on international affairs is broadening the world-view of Urmila Rao, a writer for India-China Chronicle. She finds much clarity in her writings today. She is able to decipher and answer many questions. For instance, why did a Chinese minister choose India for his first trip and not Europe or Latin America? She zeroes in on the answer - historically relationship between two countries was poor, so China wants to improve its ties with India. “Now I have better perception of world dynamics and it adds value to my readers,” says Urmila who devotes her weekends to pursuing an MA Diplomacy, Law & Business (DLB) course at Jindal School of International Affairs. 

Prateek Kapil, a political analyst, is a voracious reader. He starts his day at work flipping through newspapers, magazines, popular periodicals and journals like International Security, Foreign Policy and Foreign Affairs. If he spots a critical topic, then he takes it for corridor debates with colleagues to reach at the core of the matter. The area which interests him most is geopolitics. For instance, how does the North East Frontier or India’s finance policy affect people’s lives? Prateek who did his Master’s in International Relations from Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) soon joined Centre for Air Power Studies (CAP). “The field opens up your mind to solve issues related to global conflict and how to achieve cooperation,” he shares.

Defence studies versus IR 

International Relations and Defence and Strategic Studies are all overlapping subjects. However, the latter is considered as a sub-branch of the former. Defence studies focuses on issues related to national security both domestic and international context. Internal security issues like naxalism, ethnic conflict are part of the domestic context. In the international context it looks at impact of changing world order on security of India, china, Pakistan or the US.

“Students learn about how to look at India’s security issues through international perspective – it educates about peace and conflict issues,” shares Dr. Shrikant Paranjpe, Professor, Department of Defence and Strategic Studies, Pune University. It comprises subjects like IR, geopolitics, military geography, defence economics, science, technology and its impact on international security. “We call armed forces experts, scientists from Defence Research and Development Organisation and R&D engineers to brainstorm over burning security issues,” informs Paranjpe. Harshad Garje, 23, who is pursuing an MA in Defence Studies, at Pune University, is an Information Technology graduate. He is passionate to know all about cyber warfare.

International Relations

On the other side, IR is more oriented to political science – the branch is wider than solely military issues. It prepares you to learn global linkages which exist alongside boundaries. A student gets a grip over world politics – be it Africa, Europe, Latin America, East and Southeast Asia, South Asia and the Middle East. For Sudeep Kumar, pursuing IR after BCom was more of a process than a mere accidental entry. During his undergrad days, he marked time tweeting and updating his Facebook page, on the TV debates of top bureaucrats and analysts on current world matters.

“I read a lot of comments on Israeli-Palestine conflict, but there was a constant urge to dig deep into history,” shares Sudeep, who pursued MA IR from JNU followed by MPhil where he chose Chinese studies as a specialisation. What motivated him? As part of Dalai Lama Foundation Scholarship, he got the chance for a month-long stay at Namgyal monastery where he studied about Tibetan culture, civilization, India and China strategic triangle. “I want to fill the gap, as there are very few Chinese researchers. It’s imperative to know why there is lot of preconceived notions and biases regarding China,” he says. 

Entering the course   

Both MA in Defence & Strategic Studies and MA in International Relations are open to people from diverse fields. The course terminology differs from university to university. At JNU, one applies for MA in Politics (with specialization in International Studies), at Jindal School of International Affairs (JSIA) for MA Diplomacy, Law & Business (DLB), and MA (IR) at South Asian University; MA (IR) at Jadavpur University. Invariably, the course appeals to those who have a keen interest in world affairs.

After an MBA, Nitin Arya quit his plush bank job for  doing an MA (DLB) from JSIA. What research excites him? Questions such as - what prompts India to go for Mercosur trade with Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela? What is the pattern of the trade?

Internships, a stepping stone

Some universities encourage students to intern with popular think tanks, government organizations or non-profits. After finishing MA in Defence & Strategic Studies at Pune University, Tanvi Sharma interned with the Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, Delhi. She plunged into writing opinionated articles related to South Asian security issues – India-Pakistan confidence building measures and more.

Pursuing an MPhil

Sudeep and Tanvi are just a few students who are passionate for gaining higher degrees in IR. As per JNU’s admission statistics 2013, only 30% MA graduates opted for MPhil degree, rest 70% preferred to grab jobs early. There are various reasons attached – either for financial growth or no inclination for deeper studies. So many consider Master’s as a terminal degree.

Build language skills

Language is key – whether writing a paper, reading a journal of international reputation or interacting with diplomats. Nitin learns Spanish, as he plans to do PhD from Latin America. It will help him understand the country better. Same is the case with any other professional who wants to specialise on any particular country. With China gaining ground on the economic scenario, learning Mandarin is a top priority for many.

Getting the right job 

After MA, you can join security organizations; defence journalism; private or public think tanks, NGOs; international bodies (United Nations/World bank), Foreign Services and teaching. You can rise up the ladder if you have a problem- solving ability and can argue over complex political issues. Monetarily, it is not that well-paying field. Prateek considers it as more of an interest-based job than a monetary based job.

You enter as a research associate or political analyst, drawing a salary of Rs. 20,000 per month. And as you rise up as senior researcher with PhD in hand, you can expect Rs. 40,000 to Rs. 60,000 per month. Of course, the salary levels and perks vary drastically, if you are interested to join politics or become a diplomat/Ambassador through foreign services.

Being a diplomat gives you a lot of responsibilities which are closely related to domestic and international happenings. Though one may enjoy a high profile career abroad with a high salary, it takes a toll on your personal life. “At a personal level, your family life is unsettled because of constant shuttling between countries, says G. Parthasarathy. He adds that professional satisfaction depends on how the government takes forward your contributions on any subject. “Professionally, you are less affected by political functioning of your native country. You give your independent assessment, and its on India to decide it further.”

However, the field of strategic analysis gives a lot of satisfaction to  professionals in this field. The confidence on Kapil’s face is evident as he shares his networking experiences. “The regular brainstorming sessions and interactions on topical issues with ministers, bureaucrats, ambassadors, top analysts always keep me on my toes,” he rounds up.