Diodes - Definition, Symbol, Types, Applications, FAQs

What Is Diode?

A diode is a basic electronic component that allows electric current to flow in only one direction and blocks it in the opposite direction.

A diode is made using a p–n junction, formed by joining p-type and n-type semiconductors.

• When the diode is forward-biased, it allows current to pass.
• When it is reverse-biased, it stops the current.

Components Of Diode

A diode has two diode terminals and is an electrical component with only a single direction (so long as it is operated within a specified voltage level). The ideal diode has zero resistance in one direction, but in the other, it has endless resistance.

A p-n junction is the most common type of diode. One material (n) with electrons as charge carriers abuts a second material (p) with holes (places depleted of electrons that behave as positively charged particles) as charge carriers in this type of diode. A depletion area forms at their interface, via which electrons diffuse to fill holes in the p-side.

Diode Symbol

Diode symbol image or diode diagram

The above diode diagram is an example of a conventional diode unit sign. The diode image above shows two diode terminals, known as anode and cathode. The anode in the forward-biased situation is the arrowhead, which symbolizes the direction of conventional current flow. The cathode is located on the other end of the diode circuit.

Construction Of Diode

An electrical diode can be made from silicon or germanium, two semiconductor materials. When the anode voltage exceeds the cathode voltage and the diode conducts readily with minimum voltage loss, the diode is said to be forward-biased. When the cathode voltage exceeds the anode voltage, the diode is regarded to be reverse-biased. The arrow in the symbol represents the conventional current flow direction when a diode conducts.

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Semiconductor Diode And Types Of Diode

Different types of diodes(diode examples) are given below:
Normal (p–n) diodes are commonly built of doped silicon or germanium and operate as explained above. Cuprous oxide and later selenium were employed before the discovery of silicon power rectifier diode. Because of their low efficiency, a much higher forward voltage and a large heat sink (often extending the metal substratum of the diode) were required, both of which were much higher than the later silicón diode of a similar current rating.

• Light Emitting Diode (LED): Light is produced by passing an electric current between the electrodes through a light-emitting diode (LED). In other words, when a sufficient quantity of advancing current runs through it, light is produced. This light is not visible in many diodes because the frequency levels are too low to allow viewing. Different colors of LEDs are available. Tricolour LEDs are LEDs that can emit three colors at once. The energy gap of the semiconductor employed determines the color of light.
  
• Laser Diode: A laser diode produces coherent light, making it a unique sort of diode. It's found in a lot of CD players, DVD players, and laser printers. These are more expensive than LEDs but less expensive than other laser producers. The only disadvantage of this diode is its short life.

• Avalanche Diode:
  This is a reverse bias diode that uses the avalanche effect to operate. The avalanche breaks down when the voltage drop is consistent and independent of current. They are utilized for photodetection because of their high sensitivity.
• Zener diode: The most useful sort of diode is the Zener diode, which can offer a stable reference voltage. These are reverse-biased and break down when a particular voltage is applied. A stable voltage is established when the current traveling through the resistor is limited. In power supply, zener diodes are commonly employed to give a reference voltage.
  
• Schottky Diode: Compared to other silicon PN junction diodes, it has a lower forward voltage. Where there is a low current and voltage varies between 0.15 and 0.4 volts, the decrease will be seen. To achieve that performance, these are built differently. In rectifier applications, Schottky diodes are widely employed.
  
• Photodiode: A photodiode can detect even the tiniest quantity of current flow caused by light. These are quite useful in detecting light. This is a reverse bias diode, which is commonly seen in solar cells and photometers. They're even used as power generators.
  
• P-N Junction Diode: Rectifier diodes are also known as P-N junction diodes. These diodes are composed of semiconductor material and are utilized in the rectification process. Two layers of semiconductors make up a P-N junction diode. P-type material is doped in one layer of the semiconductor material, while N-type material is doped in the other. The P-N junction is formed by the combination of both P and N-type layers. As a result, the diode is known as a P-N junction diode.

The P-N junction diode permits current to flow in one direction but prevents it from flowing in the opposite direction.

Application Of Diode

The following are some of the diode's applications and uses:

1. A rectifier made of diode.

2. In the clipping diode circuit, there are two diodes.

3. Clamping diode circuits with diode.

4. Logical gates with diode.

5. Reverse current protection diode.