Correct Answer: Planning involves huge cost.
 

Solution : Planning involves huge cost in the formulation. For instance, checking accuracy. Planning should be avoided if benefit donot justify. Detailed plans require scientific calculations. 
Hence Option D is correct.

Correct Answer: The debentures can be exchanged for equity shares
   

Solution : The correct answer is (b) The debentures can be exchanged for equity shares

Convertible debentures are a type of debt instrument that provides the debenture holder with the option to convert the debentures into equity shares of the issuing company at a predetermined conversion ratio and within a specified time frame. This conversion option allows the debenture holder to become a shareholder of the company, potentially benefiting from any future growth in the company's share value.

Correct Answer: Adopting a Western lifestyle

Solution : The correct answer is Adopting a Western lifestyle.

"Modernisation" as a goal of planning in the context of the Indian economy was not aimed at adopting a Western lifestyle. Industrialisation, technological advancement, economic expansion, and social development were among the goals of the modernisation process.

Correct Answer: Succession planning
   

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Succession planning

When XYZ Ltd. aims to fill higher-level positions by promoting employees who have consistently demonstrated exceptional performance, the process being implemented is succession planning. Succession planning involves identifying and developing internal talent to ensure that there are qualified individuals ready to step into key roles as they become vacant. In this case, the focus is on recognizing high-performing employees and preparing them for promotion to higher-level positions within the organization. Succession planning is a strategic approach to talent management that helps ensure a smooth transition of leadership and key responsibilities.

Correct Answer: Management is continuous process

Solution :  The process of management is a series of continuous composite but separate functions. (planning organising directing staffing and controlling).

Hence, Option C is correct.

Correct Answer: Incorporating flexibility in the plans
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a). Incorporating flexibility in the plans

Incorporating flexibility in plans allows an organization to adapt to changes and unforeseen circumstances. It enables adjustments to be made when necessary, ensuring that plans remain relevant and effective in dynamic environments.

Therefore, Incorporating flexibility in the plans is the most appropriate choice for overcoming the limitations of planning.

Correct Answer: Both statements are true
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both statements are true.

Statement 1 is true. The functions of top management often encompass planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, which are fundamental management functions.

Statement 2 is also true. While coordination and supervision of employees are typically associated with middle or lower-level management, top management can also be involved in the overall coordination and supervision of employees, especially in larger organizations or in specific situations. Both functions can be part of the responsibilities of top management, though they may not be their primary focus.

Correct Answer: Evaluating alternative courses of action
   

Solution : The correct answer is (a). Evaluating alternative courses of action

Evaluating alternative courses of action allows MNO Healthcare Solutions to consider different scenarios and choose the most effective and feasible way to proceed, taking into account the potential challenges and opportunities identified during the risk assessment.

Identifying various courses of action, Developing premises, and Allocating resources are important steps in the planning process, but they typically follow the evaluation of alternative courses of action. The evaluation helps in selecting the most appropriate plan before moving on to the detailed aspects of implementation.

Correct Answer: Assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Solution : The correct answer is  (c) Assertion is true, but the reason is false.

The assertion that "Financial planning contributes to maximizing the wealth of shareholders and stakeholders" is true. Financial planning involves strategic decisions aimed at optimizing financial resources and investments to achieve long-term growth and ultimately enhance the wealth of shareholders and stakeholders.

The reason that "Financial planning only considers short-term profitability and ignores long-term growth" is false. Financial planning encompasses both short-term and long-term financial goals. It involves planning for the future, considering long-term sustainability, growth, and the creation of shareholder value, not just short-term profitability. Financial planning aims to strike a balance between short-term gains and long-term objectives. It is designed to consider both short-term and long-term financial health and growth of the company.

Correct Answer: Both statements are false.

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Both statements are false.

In reality, India, Pakistan, and China have experienced a decline in their birth rates over the years due to various factors, including increased access to education, healthcare, and family planning services. Government initiatives in these countries have generally aimed to lower birth rates through family planning programs and awareness campaigns.