Correct Answer: Setting performance standards and measuring actual performance
   

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Setting performance standards and measuring actual performance

Controlling in management includes setting performance standards or benchmarks, measuring actual performance against these standards, and taking corrective actions as necessary to ensure that the organization's objectives are being met. It involves monitoring and regulating various activities and processes to maintain performance within established parameters.

Correct Answer: Lower-level management

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Lower-level management

Lower-level management, also known as first-line or front-line management, is primarily responsible for overseeing and supervising employees to ensure that they are performing their tasks efficiently and effectively. They are closest to the day-to-day operations and are responsible for making sure that the work is carried out according to established standards and procedures.

Correct Answer: Setting performance standards and measuring actual performance
 

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Setting performance standards and measuring actual performance

Controlling in management entails setting performance standards or benchmarks, measuring actual performance against these standards, and taking corrective actions as necessary to ensure that the organization's objectives are being met. It involves monitoring and regulating various activities and processes to maintain performance within established parameters. While guiding and motivating employees , allocating resources and assigning tasks , and monitoring and evaluating employee performance are important aspects of management, they are not the primary components of the controlling function. Controlling specifically focuses on performance measurement and adjustment.

Correct Answer: By providing benefits and exemptions
   

Solution : The correct answer is (b) By providing benefits and exemptions

The Startup India initiative is designed to provide various benefits and exemptions to support startups. By applying for and participating in this initiative, the tech startup likely gained access to specific advantages, which could include tax exemptions, regulatory benefits, and other support mechanisms aimed at fostering the growth of startups in the country.

Correct Answer: Team spirit

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Team spirit

Team spirit in management principles emphasizes fostering a collaborative and cooperative work environment where employees work together as a team to achieve common goals. It promotes unity, mutual support, and synergy among team members. This principle encourages employees to work together and share their expertise and efforts to enhance productivity and achieve organizational objectives.

Correct Answer: Identifying potential risks

Solution : The correct answer is (c). Identifying potential risks

Identifying Potential Risks is the correct step for addressing potential risks and uncertainties. It involves a systematic process of recognizing and understanding factors that could impact the success of the new customer support system.

In summary, identifying potential risks is a crucial step for PQR Software Solutions to ensure a proactive approach in managing uncertainties related to the new customer support system.

Correct Answer: Selecting an alternative
    

Solution : The correct answer is (a). Selecting an alternative

Once PQR Software Solutions has evaluated different courses of action, the next logical step is to select the most suitable alternative. This involves making a decision on which course of action aligns best with the company's objectives, goals, and available resources. Selecting an alternative sets the direction for further planning activities, including developing premises, setting specific objectives and goals, and allocating resources accordingly. Making an informed decision at this stage is crucial for the successful implementation of the chosen course of action.

Correct Answer: Top management
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Top management

Top management, also known as senior management or executive management, is responsible for making strategic decisions, setting organizational goals, and formulating long-term plans and policies that guide the overall direction of the entire organization. Developing long-term strategic plans is a primary function of top management. Middle-level management is often involved in translating top-level strategies into specific departmental or unit plans, while lower-level management focuses on more operational and day-to-day activities.

Correct Answer: Provide cutting-edge technology solutions
 

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Provide cutting-edge technology solutions

The primary focus of XYZ Tech Solutions, as a company known for providing innovative technology solutions, is likely to be on delivering cutting-edge technology solutions to its customers. While maximizing profits is an important consideration for many businesses, it often goes hand in hand with delivering cutting-edge solutions. Offering excellent customer support is essential but typically supports the broader objective of providing innovative technology solutions. Expanding into new markets could be a strategic goal that aligns with the primary objective but may not be the primary objective itself.

Correct Answer: Team spirit

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Team spirit

Team spirit in management principles emphasizes fostering a collaborative and cooperative work environment where employees work together as a team to achieve common goals. It promotes unity, mutual support, and synergy among team members. This principle encourages employees to work together and share their expertise and efforts to enhance productivity and achieve organizational objectives.