Question : Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage. Some words may be highlighted for your attention. Read carefully.

Since the beginning of human civilization, science and technology have progressed in a continuous process. For the first humans, the fire must have been an exciting all singing, all dancing new technology. But to this day we are continuing research to fully answer the question, what is fire? And the search for new knowledge is based on rational thinking which is fundamental for progress and for making new discoveries. I doubt whether there was (or now is) a civilization that reached a high level of achievement without simultaneously nurturing science and technology and employing the rational characteristic of the culture of science. After all, we are Homo sapiens, the species characterized by an enlarged brain capacity. Science is an education process that allows the educated and creative minds to question, experiment or observe in an attempt to find answers, and then try to identify a set of unifying principles, concepts, and laws that embrace all phenomena of nature. The aim is to better understand our universe and gain new knowledge that will enlighten humanity by unveiling mysteries of how nature works. In the process, we may make new discoveries and inventions that change the way we think and/or create new technologies that transform our society. The sharp division of science into pure and applied branches is not natural. Some managers of science believe in this division and wish to emphasize only "what is relevant" for the prosperity of society. But that is not the way science works, as scientists themselves in their quest for new knowledge do not know what is relevant. And if they knew ahead of time it would not be new knowledge. Scientific research is not manageable in the usual sense of the word. Most science \& technology advances are governed by a structure of a connected triad- basic research, technology development, and the involvement of society. In this cycle, both pure and applied sciences become an integral part of a successful endeavor. Take the case of cloning, a current subject of significant relevance to the definition of species. Cloning began as a laboratory experiment on the genetic material of our cells, DNA. But these experimental achievements would not have been possible without scientific research and advances over a half-century of development in many areas: the discovery of the genetic code, molecular structure of DNA, recombinant DNA, and other related studies. Moreover, a century of development of new techniques and tools provided the means: x-ray crystallography, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), genetic engineering, as well as computer data processing. Then came the first successful cloning of a higher organism - Dolly, the sheep - an act that transformed laboratory research into an enterprise with possible benefits to human medicine. But the third element of the triad, the society, must now be involved to develop a full perspective of the moral, ethical, and religious implications of cloning. With rational thinking, the benefits of cloning and other developments, such as stem cell research, to society will undoubtedly feedback to the support of basic research, and the cycle of the triad continues. Cycles of this type ultimately lead to the development of new concepts and new tools or techniques. Some historians of science make a division between the two. The late influential historian and philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, favored concept-driven research as a paradigm over tool-driven research. Although I am not a historian, I find from my own experience as a scientist that this distinction is not as sharp as Kuhn would have it. In fact, new tools and techniques Some historians of science make a division between the two. The late influential historian and philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, favored concept-driven research as a paradigm over tool-driven research. Although I am not a historian, I find from my own experience as a scientist that this distinction is not as sharp as Kuhn would have it, In fact, new tools and techniques drive scientific research as much as new concepts, and both are part of the progress of science.

Question:

What is the central idea of the passage?

Option 1: War between Science and technology.

Option 2: Science and technology together can lead to advancement of human civilization.

 

Option 3: Importance of societal acceptance for betterment of human civilization.

.
 

Option 4: Primary research can't be completed without technological development.

Question : Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage. Some words may be highlighted for your attention. Read carefully.

Since the beginning of human civilization, science and technology have progressed in a continuous process. For the first humans, the fire must have been an exciting all singing, all dancing new technology. But to this day we are continuing research to fully answer the question, what is fire? And the search for new knowledge is based on rational thinking which is fundamental for progress and for making new discoveries. I doubt whether there was (or now is) a civilization that reached a high level of achievement without simultaneously nurturing science and technology and employing the rational characteristic of the culture of science. After all, we are Homo sapiens, the species characterized by an enlarged brain capacity. Science is an education process that allows the educated and creative minds to question, experiment or observe in an attempt to find answers, and then try to identify a set of unifying principles, concepts, and laws that embrace all phenomena of nature. The aim is to better understand our universe and gain new knowledge that will enlighten humanity by unveiling mysteries of how nature works. In the process, we may make new discoveries and inventions that change the way we think and/or create new technologies that transform our society. The sharp division of science into pure and applied branches is not natural. Some managers of science believe in this division and wish to emphasize only "what is relevant" for the prosperity of society. But that is not the way science works, as scientists themselves in their quest for new knowledge do not know what is relevant. And if they knew ahead of time it would not be new knowledge. Scientific research is not manageable in the usual sense of the word. Most science \& technology advances are governed by a structure of a connected triad- basic research, technology development, and the involvement of society. In this cycle, both pure and applied sciences become an integral part of a successful endeavor. Take the case of cloning, a current subject of significant relevance to the definition of species. Cloning began as a laboratory experiment on the genetic material of our cells, DNA. But these experimental achievements would not have been possible without scientific research and advances over a half-century of development in many areas: the discovery of the genetic code, molecular structure of DNA, recombinant DNA, and other related studies. Moreover, a century of development of new techniques and tools provided the means: x-ray crystallography, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), genetic engineering, as well as computer data processing. Then came the first successful cloning of a higher organism - Dolly, the sheep - an act that transformed laboratory research into an enterprise with possible benefits to human medicine. But the third element of the triad, the society, must now be involved to develop a full perspective of the moral, ethical, and religious implications of cloning. With rational thinking, the benefits of cloning and other developments, such as stem cell research, to society will undoubtedly feedback to the support of basic research, and the cycle of the triad continues. Cycles of this type ultimately lead to the development of new concepts and new tools or techniques. Some historians of science make a division between the two. The late influential historian and philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, favored concept-driven research as a paradigm over tool-driven research. Although I am not a historian, I find from my own experience as a scientist that this distinction is not as sharp as Kuhn would have it. In fact, new tools and techniques Some historians of science make a division between the two. The late influential historian and philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, favored concept-driven research as a paradigm over tool-driven research. Although I am not a historian, I find from my own experience as a scientist that this distinction is not as sharp as Kuhn would have it, In fact, new tools and techniques drive scientific research as much as new concepts, and both are part of the progress of science.

Question:

In the above passage which element can be referred to the third element of the 'triad' 

Option 1: Involvement of Society.

Option 2: primary research
 

Option 3: Technological advancement
 

Option 4: Governmental regulations

Question : Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage. Some words may be highlighted for your attention. Read carefully.

Since the beginning of human civilization, science and technology have progressed in a continuous process. For the first humans, the fire must have been an exciting all singing, all dancing new technology. But to this day we are continuing research to fully answer the question, what is fire? And the search for new knowledge is based on rational thinking which is fundamental for progress and for making new discoveries. I doubt whether there was (or now is) a civilization that reached a high level of achievement without simultaneously nurturing science and technology and employing the rational characteristic of the culture of science. After all, we are Homo sapiens, the species characterized by an enlarged brain capacity. Science is an education process that allows the educated and creative minds to question, experiment or observe in an attempt to find answers, and then try to identify a set of unifying principles, concepts, and laws that embrace all phenomena of nature. The aim is to better understand our universe and gain new knowledge that will enlighten humanity by unveiling mysteries of how nature works. In the process, we may make new discoveries and inventions that change the way we think and/or create new technologies that transform our society. The sharp division of science into pure and applied branches is not natural. Some managers of science believe in this division and wish to emphasize only "what is relevant" for the prosperity of society. But that is not the way science works, as scientists themselves in their quest for new knowledge do not know what is relevant. And if they knew ahead of time it would not be new knowledge. Scientific research is not manageable in the usual sense of the word. Most science \& technology advances are governed by a structure of a connected triad- basic research, technology development, and the involvement of society. In this cycle, both pure and applied sciences become an integral part of a successful endeavor. Take the case of cloning, a current subject of significant relevance to the definition of species. Cloning began as a laboratory experiment on the genetic material of our cells, DNA. But these experimental achievements would not have been possible without scientific research and advances over a half-century of development in many areas: the discovery of the genetic code, molecular structure of DNA, recombinant DNA, and other related studies. Moreover, a century of development of new techniques and tools provided the means: x-ray crystallography, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), genetic engineering, as well as computer data processing. Then came the first successful cloning of a higher organism - Dolly, the sheep - an act that transformed laboratory research into an enterprise with possible benefits to human medicine. But the third element of the triad, the society, must now be involved to develop a full perspective of the moral, ethical, and religious implications of cloning. With rational thinking, the benefits of cloning and other developments, such as stem cell research, to society will undoubtedly feedback to the support of basic research, and the cycle of the triad continues. Cycles of this type ultimately lead to the development of new concepts and new tools or techniques. Some historians of science make a division between the two. The late influential historian and philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, favored concept-driven research as a paradigm over tool-driven research. Although I am not a historian, I find from my own experience as a scientist that this distinction is not as sharp as Kuhn would have it. In fact, new tools and techniques Some historians of science make a division between the two. The late influential historian and philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, favored concept-driven research as a paradigm over tool-driven research. Although I am not a historian, I find from my own experience as a scientist that this distinction is not as sharp as Kuhn would have it, In fact, new tools and techniques drive scientific research as much as new concepts, and both are part of the progress of science.

Question:

Pick the correct statement that reflects why the author is not making any comparison between concept driven research and tool driven research?

Option 1: The given statemnt  is a fallacy as the author clearly endorses the distinction between concept driven research and tool driven research.
 

Option 2: The author has not been supported by different tools in his research.
 

Option 3: The author has found that basic concept-driven research supported by tool-driven technological developments contribute the most to advancement in human civilization.
 

Option 4: Since Dolly the sheep could not be cloned without proper technology, the author does not distinguish between concept driven research and tool driven research.

Question : Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage. Some words may be highlighted for your attention. Read carefully.

Since the beginning of human civilization, science and technology have progressed in a continuous process. For the first humans, the fire must have been an exciting all singing, all dancing new technology. But to this day we are continuing research to fully answer the question, what is fire? And the search for new knowledge is based on rational thinking which is fundamental for progress and for making new discoveries. I doubt whether there was (or now is) a civilization that reached a high level of achievement without simultaneously nurturing science and technology and employing the rational characteristic of the culture of science. After all, we are Homo sapiens, the species characterized by an enlarged brain capacity. Science is an education process that allows the educated and creative minds to question, experiment or observe in an attempt to find answers, and then try to identify a set of unifying principles, concepts, and laws that embrace all phenomena of nature. The aim is to better understand our universe and gain new knowledge that will enlighten humanity by unveiling mysteries of how nature works. In the process, we may make new discoveries and inventions that change the way we think and/or create new technologies that transform our society. The sharp division of science into pure and applied branches is not natural. Some managers of science believe in this division and wish to emphasize only "what is relevant" for the prosperity of society. But that is not the way science works, as scientists themselves in their quest for new knowledge do not know what is relevant. And if they knew ahead of time it would not be new knowledge. Scientific research is not manageable in the usual sense of the word. Most science \& technology advances are governed by a structure of a connected triad- basic research, technology development, and the involvement of society. In this cycle, both pure and applied sciences become an integral part of a successful endeavor. Take the case of cloning, a current subject of significant relevance to the definition of species. Cloning began as a laboratory experiment on the genetic material of our cells, DNA. But these experimental achievements would not have been possible without scientific research and advances over a half-century of development in many areas: the discovery of the genetic code, molecular structure of DNA, recombinant DNA, and other related studies. Moreover, a century of development of new techniques and tools provided the means: x-ray crystallography, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), genetic engineering, as well as computer data processing. Then came the first successful cloning of a higher organism - Dolly, the sheep - an act that transformed laboratory research into an enterprise with possible benefits to human medicine. But the third element of the triad, the society, must now be involved to develop a full perspective of the moral, ethical, and religious implications of cloning. With rational thinking, the benefits of cloning and other developments, such as stem cell research, to society will undoubtedly feedback to the support of basic research, and the cycle of the triad continues. Cycles of this type ultimately lead to the development of new concepts and new tools or techniques. Some historians of science make a division between the two. The late influential historian and philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, favored concept-driven research as a paradigm over tool-driven research. Although I am not a historian, I find from my own experience as a scientist that this distinction is not as sharp as Kuhn would have it. In fact, new tools and techniques Some historians of science make a division between the two. The late influential historian and philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, favored concept-driven research as a paradigm over tool-driven research. Although I am not a historian, I find from my own experience as a scientist that this distinction is not as sharp as Kuhn would have it, In fact, new tools and techniques drive scientific research as much as new concepts, and both are part of the progress of science.

Question:

Choose the correct meaning of the word 'nurturing as given in the passage.

Option 1: Protect.
 

Option 2: Help or encourage development.

 

Option 3: Cherish
 

Option 4: Bring up a child

Question : Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage. Some words may be highlighted for your attention. Read carefully.

Since the beginning of human civilization, science and technology have progressed in a continuous process. For the first humans, the fire must have been an exciting all singing, all dancing new technology. But to this day we are continuing research to fully answer the question, what is fire? And the search for new knowledge is based on rational thinking which is fundamental for progress and for making new discoveries. I doubt whether there was (or now is) a civilization that reached a high level of achievement without simultaneously nurturing science and technology and employing the rational characteristic of the culture of science. After all, we are Homo sapiens, the species characterized by an enlarged brain capacity. Science is an education process that allows the educated and creative minds to question, experiment or observe in an attempt to find answers, and then try to identify a set of unifying principles, concepts, and laws that embrace all phenomena of nature. The aim is to better understand our universe and gain new knowledge that will enlighten humanity by unveiling mysteries of how nature works. In the process, we may make new discoveries and inventions that change the way we think and/or create new technologies that transform our society. The sharp division of science into pure and applied branches is not natural. Some managers of science believe in this division and wish to emphasize only "what is relevant" for the prosperity of society. But that is not the way science works, as scientists themselves in their quest for new knowledge do not know what is relevant. And if they knew ahead of time it would not be new knowledge. Scientific research is not manageable in the usual sense of the word. Most science \& technology advances are governed by a structure of a connected triad- basic research, technology development, and the involvement of society. In this cycle, both pure and applied sciences become an integral part of a successful endeavor. Take the case of cloning, a current subject of significant relevance to the definition of species. Cloning began as a laboratory experiment on the genetic material of our cells, DNA. But these experimental achievements would not have been possible without scientific research and advances over a half-century of development in many areas: the discovery of the genetic code, molecular structure of DNA, recombinant DNA, and other related studies. Moreover, a century of development of new techniques and tools provided the means: x-ray crystallography, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), genetic engineering, as well as computer data processing. Then came the first successful cloning of a higher organism - Dolly, the sheep - an act that transformed laboratory research into an enterprise with possible benefits to human medicine. But the third element of the triad, the society, must now be involved to develop a full perspective of the moral, ethical, and religious implications of cloning. With rational thinking, the benefits of cloning and other developments, such as stem cell research, to society will undoubtedly feedback to the support of basic research, and the cycle of the triad continues. Cycles of this type ultimately lead to the development of new concepts and new tools or techniques. Some historians of science make a division between the two. The late influential historian and philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, favored concept-driven research as a paradigm over tool-driven research. Although I am not a historian, I find from my own experience as a scientist that this distinction is not as sharp as Kuhn would have it. In fact, new tools and techniques Some historians of science make a division between the two. The late influential historian and philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, favored concept-driven research as a paradigm over tool-driven research. Although I am not a historian, I find from my own experience as a scientist that this distinction is not as sharp as Kuhn would have it, In fact, new tools and techniques drive scientific research as much as new concepts, and both are part of the progress of science.

Question:

Choose the correct meaning of the word "triad' as given in the passage.

Option 1: Bisexual
 

Option 2: Pentagonal
 

Option 3: a group of three related things
 

Option 4: Bifocal

Question : Read the passage given below and then answer the questions given below the passage. Some words may be highlighted for your attention. Read carefully.

Since the beginning of human civilization, science and technology have progressed in a continuous process. For the first humans, the fire must have been an exciting all singing, all dancing new technology. But to this day we are continuing research to fully answer the question, what is fire? And the search for new knowledge is based on rational thinking which is fundamental for progress and for making new discoveries. I doubt whether there was (or now is) a civilization that reached a high level of achievement without simultaneously nurturing science and technology and employing the rational characteristic of the culture of science. After all, we are Homo sapiens, the species characterized by an enlarged brain capacity. Science is an education process that allows the educated and creative minds to question, experiment or observe in an attempt to find answers, and then try to identify a set of unifying principles, concepts, and laws that embrace all phenomena of nature. The aim is to better understand our universe and gain new knowledge that will enlighten humanity by unveiling mysteries of how nature works. In the process, we may make new discoveries and inventions that change the way we think and/or create new technologies that transform our society. The sharp division of science into pure and applied branches is not natural. Some managers of science believe in this division and wish to emphasize only "what is relevant" for the prosperity of society. But that is not the way science works, as scientists themselves in their quest for new knowledge do not know what is relevant. And if they knew ahead of time it would not be new knowledge. Scientific research is not manageable in the usual sense of the word. Most science \& technology advances are governed by a structure of a connected triad- basic research, technology development, and the involvement of society. In this cycle, both pure and applied sciences become an integral part of a successful endeavor. Take the case of cloning, a current subject of significant relevance to the definition of species. Cloning began as a laboratory experiment on the genetic material of our cells, DNA. But these experimental achievements would not have been possible without scientific research and advances over a half-century of development in many areas: the discovery of the genetic code, molecular structure of DNA, recombinant DNA, and other related studies. Moreover, a century of development of new techniques and tools provided the means: x-ray crystallography, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), genetic engineering, as well as computer data processing. Then came the first successful cloning of a higher organism - Dolly, the sheep - an act that transformed laboratory research into an enterprise with possible benefits to human medicine. But the third element of the triad, the society, must now be involved to develop a full perspective of the moral, ethical, and religious implications of cloning. With rational thinking, the benefits of cloning and other developments, such as stem cell research, to society will undoubtedly feedback to the support of basic research, and the cycle of the triad continues. Cycles of this type ultimately lead to the development of new concepts and new tools or techniques. Some historians of science make a division between the two. The late influential historian and philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, favored concept-driven research as a paradigm over tool-driven research. Although I am not a historian, I find from my own experience as a scientist that this distinction is not as sharp as Kuhn would have it. In fact, new tools and techniques Some historians of science make a division between the two. The late influential historian and philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, favored concept-driven research as a paradigm over tool-driven research. Although I am not a historian, I find from my own experience as a scientist that this distinction is not as sharp as Kuhn would have it, In fact, new tools and techniques drive scientific research as much as new concepts, and both are part of the progress of science.

Question:

Choose the correct meaning of the highlighted phrase 'all singing, all dancing' as given in the passage?

Option 1: Very modern and technically advanced.
 

Option 2: Cultural performance.
 

Option 3: Pagan ritual.
 

Option 4: Spontaneity