What were the key observations and conclusions of Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment (the gold foil experiment)?
Answer (1)
Observations:
- Most alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil.
- Some alpha particles were deflected by small angles.
- A very few alpha particles (about 1 in 12,000) bounced back.
Conclusions:
- Most of the space inside an atom is empty.
- There is a positively charged center in the atom, which Rutherford called the nucleus.
- Nearly all the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
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