Question : Read the following information carefully and answer the given questions.
Big dams received a big push from politicians and bureaucracy pouring enormous amounts of borrowed money in the early years of Independence. There has however been hardly any attempt at questioning the extent of damage caused or in evaluating whether the promises of food, water and prosperity for all have actually been realised. The diversion of rivers and construction of a long system of canals in a densely populated country like India will involve displacement of people on a colossal scale and the people affected are never likely to agree with such measures. All over the world, community reaction is to prevent construction of large dams. Preserving rivers in free-flow condition is considered ecologically necessary and the construction of large dams is now legally prohibited in Sweden and also in parts of USA. The technical challenges to be faced in redrawing the geography of the country are many and full of dangerous consequences and the mad rush in pursuit of such a chimera will prove disastrous. The cost of the project is so stupendous that any water made available will cost so much that governments will have to be forever subsidizing farmers. What long-term impact this massive borrowing will have on the economy is difficult to foresee.
Question:
What are the factors which are mentioned in the passage as the disadvantages of the dams?
Option 1: The ecological imbalance caused due to diversion of rivers
Option 2: Shifting of population on a large scale
Option 3: The construction of dams is banned in Sweden
Option 4: Shifting of people on a large scale and ecological imbalance due to restrictions on the natural flow of rivers
Correct Answer: Shifting of people on a large scale and ecological imbalance due to restrictions on the natural flow of rivers
Solution : The correct answer is option 4.
Displacement of people on a large scale and ecological imbalance due to restrictions on the natural flow of rivers.
Explanation:
Let us look at the following passage lines:
- The diversion of rivers and construction of a long system of canals in a densely populated country like India will involve displacement of people on a colossal scale and the people affected are never likely to agree with such measures.
- Preserving rivers in free-flow condition is considered ecologically necessary and the construction of large dams is now legally prohibited in Sweden and a/so in parts of USA.
- As a result of the preceding, we can conclude that the correct answer is option 4
Question : Case Study 8:
JKL Ltd. is a real estate company planning to raise funds for a large-scale construction project.
Question :
JKL Ltd. wants to raise capital for its construction project. Which market should it consider for issuing new securities?
Option 1: Primary market
Option 2: Secondary market
Option 3: Money market
Option 4: Capital market
Correct Answer: Primary market
Solution : The correct answer is (a) Primary market
JKL Ltd. should consider the primary market for issuing new securities to raise capital for its construction project. The primary market is where newly issued securities, such as stocks and bonds, are offered and sold to investors for the first time. In this market, JKL Ltd. can issue new shares or bonds directly to investors and raise the necessary funds to support its large-scale construction project.
Question : Case Study: GHI Construction Company
GHI Construction Company is a well-known firm in the construction industry. They have been using traditional construction techniques but are now planning to adopt sustainable methods.
To overcome the limitations of planning, GHI Construction Company can focus on:
Option 1: Incorporating flexibility in the plans
Option 2: Relying solely on top management's decisions
Option 3: Limiting employee involvement
Option 4: Adopting a reactive approach
Correct Answer: Incorporating flexibility in the plans
Solution : The correct answer is (a) Incorporating flexibility in the plans
Incorporating flexibility in plans is a key strategy for overcoming the limitations of planning. While planning is essential for providing a structured approach to achieving goals, plans should also be adaptable to changing circumstances, unforeseen challenges, or opportunities that may arise during the implementation phase.Flexibility allows GHI Construction Company to adapt its plans in response to changing conditions, market dynamics, or unexpected challenges. This adaptability is crucial in industries like construction, where external factors can influence projects significantly. Flexible planning encourages innovation. GHI Construction Company can explore new methods, technologies, or sustainable practices that may emerge during the implementation phase, leading to improved outcomes.
Question : Which of the following is an example of an intermediate good?
Option 1: Bread purchased by a consumer
Option 2: Steel used in the construction of a building
Option 3: A laptop sold to a student
Option 4: A car purchased by a family
Correct Answer: Steel used in the construction of a building
Solution : The correct answer is (b) Steel used in the construction of a building.
An intermediate good is a product that is used as an input or raw material in the production of another good or service. It is not intended for final consumption or directly sold to end consumers.
Steel used in the construction of a building is an example of an intermediate good. Steel is a material that is used in the construction industry as a primary input for building structures. It is not the final product itself but is used in the production process to create the final building structure.
Question : In early urban centers, what was a common method used for urban planning?
Option 1: Random placement of buildings
Option 2: Construction along natural landforms
Option 3: Grid pattern street layout
Option 4: Building around central religious structures
Correct Answer: Grid pattern street layout
Solution : A common method used for urban planning in early urban centers was the grid pattern street layout, which allowed for organized and efficient use of space.
Question : What is a key consideration in the construction of oil and gas pipelines?
Option 1: The color of the pipes
Option 2: The diameter of the pipes
Option 3: The taste of the oil and gas
Option 4: The music played during construction
Correct Answer: The diameter of the pipes
Solution : Correct Option: 2
Explanation: The diameter of the pipes is a key consideration in the construction of oil and gas pipelines, as it affects the volume of oil or gas that can be transported.
Question : There are certain words missing in the passage given below. The options given contain an answer that will fit in those given blanks. Choose the correct word to be used to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct.
In 1899 in Wyoming a fossilised skeleton was discovered from which Dippy was cast. It was 1)_____________ by one of the Scottish-American industrialist Andrew Carnegie for the still under construction Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, where it still stands .As per the Carnegie Museum website , “Museum director William J Holland organised the 2)________________ to the American west in 1899. After three months of rigrous search, one of the team member discovered a huge toe bone at Sheep’s Creek Wyoming. With further digging led to a huge, long neck dinosaur which was later identified as a sauropod.The news was spread quickly, and before he was even excavated, Dippy was a celebrity. Visitors thronged to the site in Wyoming, which was later dubbed “Camp Carnegie.” After the 3)________________ collection of Dippy’s bones, it was packed in the boxes and the bones were sent back to Pittsburgh in 130 crates.”
Dippy is considered to be one of the most famous single dinosaur skeleton in the world, Dippy has been a subject of several children’s books apart from a book 4)_______________ to the dinosaur, Dippy: The Tale of a Museum Icon. There are various products which celebrates the dinosaur — from mugs to T-shirts, caps to soft toys and also an ice flavour. Dippy has also 5)________________ in many films such as Paddington, Night at the Museum 3 and One of Our Dinosaurs is Missing.
Choose the correct word to be used in blank 3.
Option 1: imported
Option 2: barbarous
Option 3: sufficient
Option 4: ruptured
Correct Answer: sufficient
Solution : The correct answer is option sufficient.
Visitors thronged to the site in Wyoming, which was later dubbed “Camp Carnegie.” After the sufficient collection of Dippy’s bones, it was packed in the boxes and the bones were sent back to Pittsburgh in 130 crates.”
Explanation:
It is sufficient to use the only word that will fit the blank and make the sentence coherent.
It means sufficient; adequate.
Meaning of the rest of the words
Imported- (of goods or services) brought into a country from abroad for sale.
Barbarous - immensely horrific.
Ruptured- (especially of a pipe or container, or bodily part such as an organ or membrane) break or burst suddenly
Question : In the context of Kolkata's town planning, what was a significant change in the city's urban landscape in the 19th century?
Option 1: The introduction of the metro system
Option 2: The construction of the Howrah Bridge
Option 3: The development of the drainage system
Option 4: The establishment of new market areas
Correct Answer: The development of the drainage system
Solution : The development of the drainage system in the 19th century was a significant change in Kolkata's urban landscape, improving sanitation and public health in the city.
Question : Case Study 8:
JKL Ltd. is a real estate company planning to raise funds for a large-scale construction project.
Question :
To fund its construction project, JKL Ltd. is considering issuing long-term debt. What type of financial instrument might it use?
Option 1: Commercial paper
Option 2: Equity share
Option 3: Treasury bill
Option 4: Debenture
Correct Answer: Debenture
Solution : The correct answer is (d) Debenture
To fund its construction project, JKL Ltd. might consider issuing debentures, which are long-term debt instruments. Debentures are a form of long-term borrowing where a company issues bonds to investors, promising to repay the principal amount along with interest at a specified future date.