Data manipulation instructions perform operations on data and provide the computational capabilities for the computer. The data manipulation instructions in a typical computer usually divided into three basic types.

1 The four basic arithmetic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Most computers provide instructions for all four operations.

2 Logical instructions perform binary operations on strings of bits stored in registers. They are useful for manipulating individual bits or a group of bits.

3 Shifts are operations in which the bits of a word are moved to the left or right. Shift instructions may specify either logical shifts, arithmetic shifts, or rotate-type operations.