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----- The Constitution of India established a parliamentary form of government in which the Executive is held responsible to the Parliament for its acts.

-------- Parliament exercises control over Executive through debates and discussions on the floor. It has instruments like short duration discussions during question and zero-hours, calling attention motion, adjournment motion, no-confidence motion, censure motion, etc.

------- It also supervises the activities of the Executive with the help of its committees like committee on government assurance, committee on subordinate legislation, committee on petitions, etc.

------- The ministers are collectively responsible to the Parliament in general and to the Lok Sabha in particular. As a part of collective responsibility, there is individual responsibility, that is, each minister is individually responsible for the efficient administration of the ministry under his charge. They continue in office so long as they enjoy the confidence of the majority members in the Lok Sabha.

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