Hey there,

I hope you are doing well.

The opinions which are against the conventions are called HERESY, whereas some established theory is known as DOGMA.

For e.g.  Copernicus’s geocentric theory was a heresy till the times it was proved became a Dogma.

Also,

A common observation in our daily life is that light travels in straight line. When Huygens propounded his wave theory, it was a heresy.

However, soon it became a dogma as interference patterns, refraction etc., could be successfully explained on the basis of wave theory.

It was believed that light was only energy but when photoelectric effect was discovered it was proposed that light had a particle nature too, this was greatly debated and treated as a hearsay. However Einstein finally proved it with his quantum theory of light.

Henceforth, it has been treated as a dogma.

I hope you find it useful.