Question : Externalities refer to:
Option 1: Costs or benefits that spill over to third parties not directly involved in a transaction
Option 2: Costs or benefits incurred by the government
Option 3: Costs or benefits incurred by businesses only
Option 4: Costs or benefits incurred by consumers only
Correct Answer: Costs or benefits that spill over to third parties not directly involved in a transaction
Solution : The correct answer is (a) Costs or benefits that spill over to third parties not directly involved in a transaction.
Externalities refer to the costs or benefits that result from the production or consumption of goods and services but are experienced by individuals or groups who are not directly involved in the transaction. These spillover effects can have either positive or negative impacts on third parties.
On the other hand, positive externalities occur when a transaction generates benefits for third parties. For instance, if a person invests in education and acquires valuable skills, not only does that individual benefit but society as a whole benefits from having a more educated and productive workforce.
Question : The Mandal Commission report led to a significant political realignment in India, characterized by the rise of which of the following?
Option 1: Left-wing parties
Option 2: Regional parties
Option 3: Nationalist parties
Option 4: Centrist parties
Question : Inclusive growth refers to:
Option 1: Economic growth that benefits only a few individuals or groups
Option 2: Economic growth that benefits all individuals or groups
Option 3: Economic growth that benefits the government
Option 4: Economic growth that benefits foreign investors
Question : The concept of marginal social cost refers to:
Option 1: The cost incurred by an individual or firm in producing an additional unit of a good or service
Option 2: The cost incurred by society as a whole in producing an additional unit of a good or service
Option 3: The cost incurred by the government in producing an additional unit of a good or service
Option 4: The cost incurred by consumers in producing an additional unit of a good or service
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