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The atomic structure has evolved through various scientific discoveries:

1. Dalton’s Atomic Theory : John Dalton (1808) proposed that atoms are indivisible particles that make up elements. He suggested each element’s atoms are identical but differ from those of other elements.
   
   

2. Thomson’s Model : J.J. Thomson (1897) discovered the electron and proposed the "plum pudding" model, where negatively charged electrons were embedded in a positive sphere.
   
   

3. Rutherford’s Model : Ernest Rutherford (1911) discovered the nucleus by conducting the gold foil experiment. He proposed that an atom has a dense, positively charged nucleus with electrons orbiting around it.
   
   

4. Bohr’s Model : Niels Bohr (1913) refined Rutherford's model by introducing fixed orbits or energy levels where electrons revolve without radiating energy.
   
   

5. Quantum Mechanical Model : Developed by Schrödinger and Heisenberg, this modern model describes electrons as probability clouds, or orbitals, rather than fixed paths. It incorporates principles of quantum mechanics.

These contributions collectively advanced our understanding of atomic structure.

For more details you can check out an article by Careers360 whose link is given below:

Link: https://www.careers360.com/chemistry/structure-of-the-atom-chapter-pge

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