Hi,
Yes, you can take the MPSOS (Madhya Pradesh State Open School) exams even though you are not a resident of Madhya Pradesh. There are no strict residential restrictions for registration as long as you can appear for the exams, which will be conducted in MPSOS exam centers, usually located in Madhya Pradesh.
Here is a link regarding the MPSOS admissions, which might be helpful for you.
https://school.careers360.com/articles/mpsos-admission