Jaishankar Prasad (30 January 1889 – 15 November 1937) was a prominent figure in modern Hindi literature and theater. Born in Varanasi, India, he was a poet, novelist, playwright, and essayist, and is considered one of the four pillars of the Chhayavad movement in Hindi literature, alongside Sumitranandan Pant, Mahadevi Verma, and Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'.

Early Life and Education:

Prasad was born into a prosperous family known for their tobacco business. His father, Babu Devki Prasad, passed away when Jaishankar was young, leading to financial difficulties. Consequently, he left formal education after the eighth grade but continued his studies at home, delving into languages such as Sanskrit, Hindi, Persian, and Urdu, as well as subjects like history and the Vedas

Literary Contributions:

Prasad's literary works encompass poetry, drama, short stories, and novels. He began writing poetry in the Braj dialect under the pen name 'Kaladhar' but later transitioned to Khadi Boli (standard Hindi) and Sanskritized Hindi. His poetry is characterized by its emotional depth and philosophical themes, ranging from romanticism to nationalism.

Notable Works:

Poetry: His epic poem Kamayani (1936) is considered a masterpiece of the Chhayavad movement, exploring human emotions and philosophical concepts through the narrative of Manu, Ida, and Shraddha.

Drama: Prasad's plays, such as Skandagupta, Chandragupta, and Dhruvaswamini, are pioneering works in Hindi theater, often centered on historical and mythological themes. In the 1960s, his play Skandagupta was successfully revived for modern Indian theater by Shanta Gandhi, a professor at the National School of Drama.

Short Stories and Novels: He also penned short stories like "Mamta" and "Chhota Jadugar," as well as novels including Kankal and Titli, which delve into historical, mythological, and social themes.

Legacy:

Jaishankar Prasad's works have left an indelible mark on Hindi literature, blending art and philosophy to explore the human experience. His contributions continue to be celebrated for their depth, emotional resonance, and linguistic beauty.

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