Well atwood machine is a very simple device that is used to show the laws of motion, specifically the Newton's second law which consists of two masses M1 M2 and connected by a r massless Inextensible string that passes over a frictionless massless pulley. As The masses are different the heavier mass let us say which is M1 will accelerate downwards while the lighter mass M2 will accelerate upward. the tension in the string is the same and IT act as a balanced to the weight of both the masses Also the acceleration of the whole system can be calculated using Newton second law. and the fbd diagrams of two masses. These machines are used in the lapse to experimentally verify the Newton's laws of motion and to study the concepts of tension friction, etc.

Hi,

Atwood machine is a simple device that runs over pulleys. It is  used to study the laws of motion & forces. This machine is applicable in various scenarios in the study of mechanics. The Atwood machine in physics named after the renowned British scientist George Atwood, who invented the device in 1784. It is a simple machine consisting of two masses connected by a string passing over a pulley. It is particularly useful for determining the acceleration of gravity, denoted as g.

The Atwood machine is useful in determining the acceleration of gravity because when we ignore friction and the mass of the pulley, we can set up an equation for the acceleration of the system using Newton's second law.

Hope this information will help you