Healthcare
Question : Statement 1: China has a higher maternal mortality rate compared to India.
Statement 2: Improved healthcare facilities and access to prenatal care have contributed to a lower maternal mortality rate in China.
Option 1: Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, and Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1.
Option 2: Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, but Statement 2 is not the correct explanation of Statement 1.
Option 3: Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
Option 4: Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
Correct Answer: Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
Solution : Statement 1 is false.India had a higher maternal mortality rate compared to China. Maternal mortality rate refers to the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. India has been working towards reducing its maternal mortality rate, but it is still higher than that of China.
Statement 2 is true. Improved healthcare facilities and access to prenatal care have indeed contributed to a lower maternal mortality rate in China. China has made significant progress in improving maternal healthcare services, including access to skilled birth attendants, prenatal care, emergency obstetric care, and family planning programs. These improvements have played a role in reducing maternal mortality rates in the country.
Therefore, Statement 1 is false (China does not have a higher maternal mortality rate compared to India), and Statement 2 is true (improved healthcare facilities and access to prenatal care have contributed to a lower maternal mortality rate in China).
Question : Comprehension: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable world. There (1)_____ progress over the last decades: More girls are going to school, fewer girls are forced into early marriage, more women are serving in parliament and positions of leadership, and laws are being reformed to (2)_____ gender equality. Despite these gains, many challenges remain: discriminatory laws and social norms remain (3)_____, women continue to be underrepresented at all levels of political leadership, and 1 in 5 women and girls between the ages of 15 and 49 report experiencing physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner within 12 months. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic could reverse the limited progress that has been made on gender equality and women's rights. The coronavirus outbreak (4)_____ existing inequalities for women and girls across every sphere - from health and the economy to security and social protection. Women play a disproportionate role in responding to the virus, including as frontline healthcare workers and carers at home. Women's unpaid care work has increased significantly as a result of school closures and the increased needs of older people. Women are also harder hit by the economic (5)_____ of COVID-19, as they disproportionately work in insecure labour markets. Nearly 60 percent of women work in the informal economy, which puts them at greater risk of falling into poverty.
Question: Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank 2.
Option 1: impede
Option 2: hinder
Option 3: retract
Option 4: advance
Correct Answer: advance
Solution : The correct choice is the fourth option.
Advance means to make progress and is the appropriate choice for the blank. This helps convey the intended meaning that laws are being made to make progress towards gender equality.
Therefore, the correct answer is advance.
Question : The "Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)" aims to provide:
Option 1: Financial inclusion and access to banking services
Option 2: Universal healthcare coverage for all citizens
Option 3: Affordable housing for all homeless individuals
Option 4: Education and skill development for unemployed youth
Correct Answer: Financial inclusion and access to banking services
Solution : The correct answer is (a) Financial inclusion and access to banking services.
The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is a government scheme launched by the Indian government in 2014. Its primary objective is to promote financial inclusion by providing access to banking services, particularly to the unbanked and underbanked sections of society.
The PMJDY focuses on opening bank accounts for all individuals, especially those from low-income households, who do not have access to formal banking services. The scheme aims to ensure that every household has access to a basic savings bank account, a debit card, and various banking services such as remittances, insurance, and pension.
The PMJDY also aims to encourage financial literacy and provide affordable financial services to promote savings and enable access to credit for income generation and entrepreneurship.
Question : Assertion: India and China both face the challenge of an aging population.
Reason: Factors such as declining fertility rates, improved healthcare, and increased life expectancy have led to a rise in the proportion of elderly people in the population.
Option 1: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Option 2: Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Option 3: Assertion is true, but the reason is false.
Option 4: Assertion is false, but the reason is true.
Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Solution : The correct answer is (b) Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
While both the assertion that India and China both face the challenge of an aging population and the reason that factors such as declining fertility rates,improved healthcare, and increased life expectancy have led to a rise in the proportion of elderly people in the population are true, the reason does not fully explain the assertion.
While declining fertility rates, improved healthcare, and increased life expectancy are contributing factors to the aging population, they are not the only factors at play. Other factors such as societal and economic changes, changes in lifestyle and family structure, and advancements in technology also contribute to the challenges posed by an aging population. Therefore,both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Question : How does the youth bulge in India's demographic structure impact its society?
Option 1: It leads to a decrease in the workforce
Option 2: It increases the demand for educational resources
Option 3: It results in a decline in urbanization
Option 4: It reduces the need for healthcare services
Correct Answer: It increases the demand for educational resources
Solution : Correct Option: Option 2 Explanation: The youth bulge in India's demographic structure increases the demand for educational resources, as a large young population requires access to schools and colleges.
Question : The "Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)" aims to:
Option 1: Provide maternity benefits to rural women
Option 2: Promote family planning and population control
Option 3: Improve maternal and child healthcare services
Option 4: Enhance access to education for girls
Correct Answer: Improve maternal and child healthcare services
Solution : The correct answer is (c) Improve maternal and child healthcare services.
The Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a government scheme in India that aims to improve maternal and child healthcare services, particularly for women in rural areas. It provides financial assistance to pregnant women to encourage institutional deliveries and access to quality healthcare during childbirth. The scheme aims to reduce maternal and infant mortality rates by promoting safe deliveries, ensuring skilled birth attendance, and facilitating postnatal care. The Janani Suraksha Yojana helps women avail necessary healthcare services, including prenatal and postnatal care, to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the child.
Question : What is the main objective of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in India?
Option 1: Enhance healthcare infrastructure in urban areas
Option 2: Provide financial assistance for energy-efficient projects
Option 3: Reduce poverty and unemployment
Option 4: Improve healthcare services in rural areas
Correct Answer: Improve healthcare services in rural areas
Solution : The correct answer is (D) Improve healthcare services in rural areas.
The NRHM was launched in 2005 by the Government of India with the aim of providing accessible, affordable, and quality healthcare to the rural population of the country. It focuses on addressing the healthcare challenges and disparities faced by rural communities, where healthcare infrastructure and services are often inadequate.
The NRHM has played a crucial role in improving healthcare services and outcomes in rural areas of India. It has contributed to reducing maternal and child mortality rates, improving access to healthcare facilities, and enhancing the overall health status of rural communities.
Question : What is the primary purpose of healthcare infrastructure?
Option 1: Promoting tourism
Option 2: Ensuring public safety
Option 3: Providing medical services
Option 4: Enhancing educational opportunities
Correct Answer: Providing medical services
Solution : The correct answer is (c) Providing medical services
The primary purpose of healthcare infrastructure is to provide medical services. Healthcare infrastructure refers to the physical facilities, equipment, and systems that support the delivery of healthcare services and the provision of medical care to individuals and communities.
Healthcare infrastructure includes various components such as hospitals, clinics, medical laboratories, diagnostic centers, pharmacies, and other healthcare facilities. It also encompasses the necessary equipment, technology, and support systems required for medical diagnosis, treatment, and patient care.
The main goal of healthcare infrastructure is to ensure access to quality healthcare services, promote public health, and address the medical needs of individuals and communities. It involves the provision of medical professionals, specialized healthcare services, emergency care, preventive healthcare measures, and other healthcare interventions.
Question : Assertion: Government policies play a crucial role in promoting human capital formation.
Reason: Government interventions can improve access to education and healthcare services.
Solution : The correct option is (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
The assertion that government policies play a crucial role in promoting human capital formation is true. Human capital formation refers to the process of acquiring and developing knowledge, skills, and capabilities in individuals. Government policies have a significant influence on the availability, accessibility, and quality of education and healthcare services, which are key components of human capital formation. Through various interventions and investments, governments can create an enabling environment that supports education and healthcare, leading to the development of human capital in a society.
The reason provided states that government interventions can improve access to education and healthcare services, which is a correct explanation of the assertion. Government policies can include measures such as funding for educational institutions, scholarships and grants, infrastructure development, curriculum development, healthcare subsidies, and public health initiatives. These interventions aim to reduce barriers to education and healthcare, improve their affordability and quality, and ensure equitable access for all individuals. By implementing such policies, governments can enhance human capital formation by providing individuals with the necessary resources and opportunities to acquire education and healthcare services.
Therefore, both the assertion that government policies play a crucial role in promoting human capital formation and the reason that government interventions can improve access to education and healthcare services are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Question : Assertion: Lack of access to healthcare facilities contributes to poverty.
Reason: Medical expenses can push individuals and families into poverty due to high out-of-pocket costs.
Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
The assertion is true. When individuals and communities do not have adequate access to healthcare services, it can have detrimental effects on their health and overall well-being. Poor health outcomes can lead to increased medical expenses, reduced productivity, and a cycle of poverty as families struggle to cope with healthcare costs and the economic burden of illness.
The reason provided, stating that medical expenses can push individuals and families into poverty due to high out-of-pocket costs, is the correct explanation of the assertion. In many countries, including India, healthcare expenses are often a significant financial burden for individuals and families. High out-of-pocket costs for medical treatments, medications, hospitalization, and other healthcare services can deplete savings, force individuals to borrow money or sell assets, and push them into poverty.
Therefore, both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. Lack of access to healthcare facilities can indeed contribute to poverty, primarily due to the financial strain caused by high medical expenses.
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