Question : Assertion: A good planning process ensures efficient utilization of resources.

Reason: Planning helps in identifying excess resources and eliminating them.

Option 1:

Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is a correct explanation.

Option 2: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is not correct explanation.   

Option 3: Assertion is false, but the reason is correct.

Option 4: Assertion is correct, but the reason is false.

Question : Assertion (A): Demand elasticity is higher for durable commodities.
Reason (R): Once durable items are in high demand now, their demand can be delayed.

Option 1: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).

Option 2: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).

Option 3: Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is False

Option 4: Assertion (A) is False but Reason (R) is True

Question : Assertion (A): Complementary goods have joint demand.
Reason (R): In order to fulfill a specific need, complementary commodities are simultaneously desired.

Option 1: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).
 

Option 2: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of Assertion (A)

Option 3: Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is False

Option 4: Assertion (A) is False but Reason (R) is True

Question : Assertion (A): The price demand curve is negatively sloped.
Reason (R): Inverse relationship between price and demand is stated by the law of demand, holding all other parameters constant.

Option 1: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).

Option 2: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of Assertion (A)

Option 3: Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is False

Option 4: Assertion (A) is False but Reason (R) is True

Question : Assertion: Physical capital is tangible in nature 
Reason: Physical capital can be seen and touchable.

Option 1: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).

Option 2: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)

Option 3: Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is False

Option 4: Assertion (A) is False but Reason (R) is true.