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Your answer are below

A.

Eurythermal: Organisms which can tolerate and thrive in a wide range of temperatures are called eurythermal. Very few organisms come in this category.

Stentothermal: Organisms which can thrive in a narrow range of temperatures are called stentothermal. Most of the organisms belong to this category.

B.

Euryhaline: Organisms which can thrive in a wide range of salinities are called euryhaline organisms. Very few organisms come under this category.

Stentohaline: Organisms which can thrive within a narrow range of salinities are called stentohaline organisms. Most of the organisms come under this category.

C.

Acclimatization is a natural process of gradual physiological adjustment of the human body as it gets used to new climatic conditions. It is the ability of the human body to undergo physiological adaptations so that the stress of a new climatic environment is ultimately less severe. The primary physiological adaptations to heat acclimatization include: an earlier onset and higher rate of skin blood flow; an increased sweat rate with earlier onset and more dilute concentration of sweat; decreased electrolyte loss and greater resistance to dehydration; a decrease in basal metabolic rate and heart rate; a decrease in perceived exertion; and a decrease in oxygen consumption at a given activity level or metabolic rate

The physiological adaptations to cold acclimatization are thought to be small and depend on the severity and duration of exposure but cold acclimatization resulted in elevated resting metabolism, a reduced fall in body temperature during acute cold stress, reduction in shivering, improvement in cold induced vasodilation and thermoregulatory efficiency and less of a rise in blood pressure and heart rate.

At high altitude, in the short term, the lack of oxygen is sensed by the peripheral chemoreceptors, which causes an increase in ventilation. An increase in heart rate and decrease in stroke volume also occurs.

During acclimatization over a few days to weeks, the body produces more red blood cells to counteract the lower oxygen saturation in blood in high altitudes.

At high altitude, in the short term, the lack of oxygen is sensed by the peripheral chemoreceptors, which causes an increase in breathing rate ( hyperventilation ). However, hyperventilation also causes the adverse effect of alkalosis due to increasing the rate by which carbon dioxide is removed from the body, which inhibits the respiratory center from enhancing the respiratory rate to meet the oxygen demands.

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