Hello,

The democratic setup of our government requires that it recognizes and adequately represents the voices of minorities as well as the majority of the population, in order to ensure this, certain political safeguards have been provided via constitutional and extra-constitutional methods.

The justification of such safeguards hinges on the question of whether the assurances of common rights meant for all the citizens is sufficient or is there requirement of such safeguards, in addition, to such rights. While certain rights are applicable to all Indian citizens, there are safeguards that apply to certain communities only, in order to ensure that minority representation in all sectors of Indian life and development does not remain abysmally low. The inter-relationship between diversity and political safeguards has been integral to India's political architecture for decades which goes on to prove the need for such safeguards.

The above answer has been provided on the assumption that question refers to political safeguards for minorities and not for federalism.

Hope this helps you out, feel free to reach out for more information.

Best wishes.