Hello.

You can go into research even after your MBBS , so don't give up on NEET exam if you are preparing for it.

you must have heard about the ICMR The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) . While you are a medical student you can do their 2 months research program which will after successful completion provide you with certificates.

Other than that you can also enroll for full time research program after your MBBS.
Various institutes that offer research opportunities like ICMR(Indian Council for Medical Research), CIMAP, CCMB(Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology), St. John's Research institute. One can also join WHO.

Many institutes like AIIMS, PGI, NIMHANS, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai (TIFR) offer a Ph.D. degree.

For getting enrolled into Ph.D degree
The main option is to get admission to a three-year medical postgraduate programme (MD or MS). Thereafter one can go for medical research  to Ph.D.

Meritorious MBBS graduates can opt M.Tech. programmes in medical nano technology or nano medical sciences. But limited opportunities are available for studying in this field.

Thank you , I hope it helps!