The specific penalty for resigning from a DNB seat can vary depending on the institute and the agreement you signed during admission. You might need to repay the stipend you received for the period you were enrolled.There might be a service bond clause in your agreement. Leaving before the stipulated time could result in a penalty fee or a requirement to serve in a government facility for a specific period.

Resigning from the DNB program shouldn't affect your eligibility to appear for the NEET SS exam next year. There are no restrictions on appearing for the exam based on such factors.

Overall, resigning from the DNB program is likely to involve a financial penalty based on your institute's policy. However, it should not prevent you from appearing for the NEET SS exam next year.

https://medicine.careers360.com/articles/neet-ss-exam-pattern

I hope it helps!