Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry – mole concept,  percentage purity, limiting reagent.

Atomic Structure – quantum numbers, de Broglie wavelength, electronic transitions.

Thermodynamics – enthalpy, internal energy, Hess’s law, Gibbs free energy.

Equilibrium – Le Chatelier’s principle, Ka/Kb, pH, solubility product.

Redox & Electrochemistry – balancing redox, cell potential, Nernst equation.

Chemical Kinetics – rate law, order, half-life, activation energy.

Solutions and Colligative Properties – Raoult’s law, elevation or depression formulas.

Solid State and Surface Chemistry – packing efficiency, defects, and adsorption isotherms.