Rational Numbers

- A rational number is any number that can be expressed in the form \( \frac{p}{q} \), where \( p \) and \( q \) are integers, and \( q \) is not equal to zero.

- Examples: \( \frac{1}{2} \), \( \frac{3}{4} \), \( -\frac{5}{6} \), and any integer (since an integer \( n \) can be written as \( \frac{n}{1} \)).

Irrational Numbers

- An irrational number cannot be expressed as a simple fraction \( \frac{p}{q} \), where \( p \) and \( q \) are integers, and \( q \) is not equal to zero.

- Irrational numbers have non-repeating decimal expansions.

In summary, rational numbers can be expressed as a fraction of two integers, while irrational numbers cannot be expressed in such a way.