Correct Answer: Plan, Do, Check, Act
   

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Plan, Do, Check, Act

The acronym PDCA stands for Plan, Do, Check, Act, which represents a four-step iterative management method for continuous improvement. Also known as the Deming Cycle or the Shewhart Cycle, it was developed by quality management pioneer W. Edwards Deming. The PDCA cycle is a systematic approach that organizations use to achieve process improvement and problem-solving by following these steps:

1. Plan: Identify objectives, set goals, and develop a detailed plan to achieve them. This step involves analyzing the current situation, identifying areas for improvement, and creating a roadmap for action.

2. Do: Implement the plan by carrying out the actions outlined in the planning phase. This involves executing the planned activities, tasks, or processes.

3. Check: Evaluate and monitor the results and outcomes of the implemented plan. Compare the actual results with the expected or desired outcomes. This step involves gathering data, analyzing it, and assessing performance against the set objectives.

4. Act: Based on the findings from the checking phase, take appropriate actions to make necessary adjustments, corrections, or improvements. This step includes making changes to the processes, systems, or actions to optimize performance and address any identified issues or gaps. The improvements made in this step are then incorporated into the next cycle of the PDCA cycle for further refinement and continuous improvement.

The PDCA cycle is a widely recognized framework for continuous improvement and problem-solving, emphasizing the importance of iterative learning, feedback, and adaptation.