Question : Comprehension:

Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

Wetlands are amongst the most productive ecosystems on the Earth and provide many important services to human society. They exhibit enormous diversity according to their genesis, geographical location, water regime and chemistry, dominant species, and soil and sediment characteristics. Globally, the area extent of wetland ecosystems ranges from 917 million hectares (m ha) to more than 1275 m ha. One of the first widely used wetland classification systems, devised by Cowardin et al., 1979, categorised wetlands into marine (coastal wetlands), estuarine (including deltas, tidal marshes, and mangrove swamps), lacustrine (lakes), riverine (along rivers and streams), and palustrine ( marshes, swamps and bogs) based on their hydrological, ecological and geological characteristics.The 

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands was an international treaty signed in 1971. Overall, 1052 sites in Europe; 289 sites in Asia; 359 sites in Africa; 175 sites in South America; 211 sites in North America; and 79 sites in the Oceania region have been identified as Ramsar sites or wetlands of International importance. As per the Ramsar Convention definition most of the natural water bodies (such as rivers, lakes, coastal lagoons, mangroves, peat land, coral reefs) and man-made wetlands (such as ponds, farm ponds, irrigated fields, sacred groves, salt pans, reservoirs, gravel pits, sewage farms and canals) in India constitute the wetland ecosystem distributed in different geographical regions ranging from Himalayas to Deccan plateau. As of February 2022, India has 49 Ramsar sites covering an area of 10,93,636 hectares, the highest in South Asia. As per the estimates, India has about 757.06 thousand wetlands with a total wetland area of 15.3 m ha, accounting for nearly 4.7% of the total geographical area of the country. Out of this, areas under inland wetlands account for 69%, coastal wetlands 27%, and other wetlands (smaller than 2.25 ha) 4%. Gujarat has the highest proportion (17.5%) and Mizoram has the lowest proportion (0.66%) of the area under wetlands. Among Union Territories, Lakshadweep has the highest proportion (around 96%) and Chandigarh has the lowest proportion (3%) of the geographical area under wetlands.

Question:

In India, what kind of wetlands occupy the largest area?

Option 1: coastal wetlands

Option 2: mangrove swamps

Option 3: inland wetlands

Option 4: small wetlands

Question : Comprehension:

Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

Wetlands are amongst the most productive ecosystems on the Earth and provide many important services to human society. They exhibit enormous diversity according to their genesis, geographical location, water regime and chemistry, dominant species, and soil and sediment characteristics. Globally, the area extent of wetland ecosystems ranges from 917 million hectares (m ha) to more than 1275 m ha. One of the first widely used wetland classification systems, devised by Cowardin et al., 1979, categorised wetlands into marine (coastal wetlands), estuarine (including deltas, tidal marshes, and mangrove swamps), lacustrine (lakes), riverine (along rivers and streams), and palustrine ( marshes, swamps and bogs) based on their hydrological, ecological and geological characteristics.The 

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands was an international treaty signed in 1971. Overall, 1052 sites in Europe; 289 sites in Asia; 359 sites in Africa; 175 sites in South America; 211 sites in North America; and 79 sites in the Oceania region have been identified as Ramsar sites or wetlands of International importance. As per the Ramsar Convention definition most of the natural water bodies (such as rivers, lakes, coastal lagoons, mangroves, peat land, coral reefs) and man-made wetlands (such as ponds, farm ponds, irrigated fields, sacred groves, salt pans, reservoirs, gravel pits, sewage farms and canals) in India constitute the wetland ecosystem distributed in different geographical regions ranging from Himalayas to Deccan plateau. As of February 2022, India has 49 Ramsar sites covering an area of 10,93,636 hectares, the highest in South Asia. As per the estimates, India has about 757.06 thousand wetlands with a total wetland area of 15.3 m ha, accounting for nearly 4.7% of the total geographical area of the country. Out of this, areas under inland wetlands account for 69%, coastal wetlands 27%, and other wetlands (smaller than 2.25 ha) 4%. Gujarat has the highest proportion (17.5%) and Mizoram has the lowest proportion (0.66%) of the area under wetlands. Among Union Territories, Lakshadweep has the highest proportion (around 96%) and Chandigarh has the lowest proportion (3%) of the geographical area under wetlands.

Question:

Under which category of wetlands, are delta and mangrove swamps included?

Option 1: marine

Option 2: estuarine

Option 3: lacustrine

Option 4: palustrine

Question : Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The solar system is made up of the sun, planets, moons, asteroids, and comets that 1.______ around it. Its mysteries and wonders have captured the imagination of people from all walks of life, and it continues to be an area of active research and exploration. The sun is at the centre of the solar system and is the largest object in it. The eight planets in the solar system, 2._________ Earth, orbit around the sun in nearly circular paths. While the sun is at the centre of the solar system and dominates its gravitational pull, each planet has its own unique set of characteristics that makes it a fascinating object to study. Each planet in the solar system has unique characteristics and features. 3._________ planets, such as Mercury and Venus, are small and rocky, while others, like Jupiter and Saturn, are much larger and made up mostly of gas. The outer planets, Uranus and Neptune, are 4._______ as 'ice giants' because they contain more water, ammonia, and methane than the gas giants. In addition to the planets, the solar system also has numerous moons, asteroids, and comets. These objects provide important 5.______ about the formation and evolution of the solar system.
Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank 1.

Option 1: form

Option 2: orbit

Option 3: stick

Option 4: fly

Question : Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The solar system is made up of the sun, planets, moons, asteroids, and comets that 1.______ around it. Its mysteries and wonders have captured the imagination of people from all walks of life, and it continues to be an area of active research and exploration. The sun is at the centre of the solar system and is the largest object in it. The eight planets in the solar system, 2._________ Earth, orbit around the sun in nearly circular paths. While the sun is at the centre of the solar system and dominates its gravitational pull, each planet has its own unique set of characteristics that makes it a fascinating object to study. Each planet in the solar system has unique characteristics and features. 3._________ planets, such as Mercury and Venus, are small and rocky, while others, like Jupiter and Saturn, are much larger and made up mostly of gas. The outer planets, Uranus and Neptune, are 4._______ as 'ice giants' because they contain more water, ammonia, and methane than the gas giants. In addition to the planets, the solar system also has numerous moons, asteroids, and comets. These objects provide important 5.______ about the formation and evolution of the solar system.
Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank 2.

Option 1: excluding

Option 2: diluting

Option 3: dissolving

Option 4: including

Question : Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The solar system is made up of the sun, planets, moons, asteroids, and comets that 1.______ around it. Its mysteries and wonders have captured the imagination of people from all walks of life, and it continues to be an area of active research and exploration. The sun is at the centre of the solar system and is the largest object in it. The eight planets in the solar system, 2._________ Earth, orbit around the sun in nearly circular paths. While the sun is at the centre of the solar system and dominates its gravitational pull, each planet has its own unique set of characteristics that makes it a fascinating object to study. Each planet in the solar system has unique characteristics and features. 3._________ planets, such as Mercury and Venus, are small and rocky, while others, like Jupiter and Saturn, are much larger and made up mostly of gas. The outer planets, Uranus and Neptune, are 4._______ as 'ice giants' because they contain more water, ammonia, and methane than the gas giants. In addition to the planets, the solar system also has numerous moons, asteroids, and comets. These objects provide important 5.______ about the formation and evolution of the solar system.
Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank 4.

Option 1: classified

Option 2: magnified

Option 3: restricted

Option 4: indulged