Question : The concept of "informalization of labor" refers to:
Option 1: The shift from formal employment to self-employment
Option 2: The increase in labor market regulations and protections
Option 3: The integration of the informal sector into the formal economy
Option 4: The migration of workers from rural to urban areas
Correct Answer: The shift from formal employment to self-employment
Solution : The correct answer is (a) The shift from formal employment to self-employment
Informalization of labor refers to the growing trend of workers moving from formal employment arrangements, which typically offer job security, social protections, and regulated working conditions, to more informal and precarious forms of employment. This shift often involves self-employment or working in the informal sector, where workers may have limited access to labor rights, social security benefits, and legal protections. Informalization of labor can result from various factors, including economic restructuring, globalization, technological changes, and the lack of adequate job opportunities in the formal sector.
Question : The concept of "guest workers" refers to:
Option 1: Workers who are temporarily employed in a foreign country
Option 2: Workers who are self-employed in the informal sector
Option 3: Workers who migrate from rural to urban areas for better job opportunities
Option 4: Workers who are unemployed and discouraged from seeking employment
Question : The concept of "wage employment" refers to:
Option 1: Self-employment in the agricultural sector
Option 2: Employment in the formal sector with regular wages and benefits
Option 3: Seasonal employment in rural areas
Option 4: Employment in the services sector
Question : The concept of "brain drain" refers to:
Option 1: The emigration of skilled individuals from one country to another.
Option 2: The migration of individuals from rural to urban areas.
Option 3: The loss of jobs due to technological advancements.
Option 4: The withdrawal of workers from the labor force.
Question : The concept of "technological unemployment" refers to:
Option 1: Unemployment caused by changes in the business cycle.
Option 2: Unemployment caused by the migration of workers to urban areas.
Option 3: Unemployment caused by the introduction of labor-saving technologies.
Option 4: Unemployment caused by the lack of job opportunities in rural areas.
Question : The concept of "cyclical unemployment" refers to:
Option 3: Unemployment caused by the lack of job opportunities in rural areas.
Option 4: Unemployment caused by the introduction of labor-saving technologies.
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