Correct Answer: CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)

Solution : The correct answer is (C) CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)

The Montreal Protocol is an international environmental agreement established in 1987. Its primary objective is to protect the ozone layer, which is crucial for shielding the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. One of the major causes of ozone depletion is the release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere.

CFCs are synthetic compounds that were commonly used in various industrial and consumer applications, including refrigeration, air conditioning, aerosol propellants, and foam blowing agents. However, it was discovered that CFCs have a destructive impact on the ozone layer when they reach the stratosphere. They break down under the influence of UV radiation, releasing chlorine atoms that catalytically destroy ozone molecules.

To address this issue, the Montreal Protocol mandates the phasing out of the production and consumption of CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS). The agreement sets specific targets and timelines for the elimination of ODS, with the aim of restoring and protecting the ozone layer. It has been successful in significantly reducing the production and use of CFCs worldwide, leading to a gradual recovery of the ozone layer.

While the Montreal Protocol does not directly control the production or consumption of greenhouse gases, it is a separate international agreement dedicated to protecting the ozone layer, distinct from efforts to mitigate climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions.