Question : Two numbers $x$ and $y$ are such that their mean proportion is 9 and the third proportion is 243. What are the values of $x$ and $y$?
Option 1: 3 and 9
Option 2: 3 and 27
Option 3: 6 and 27
Option 4: 6 and 81
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Correct Answer: 3 and 27
Solution : Two given numbers are $x$ and $y$. The mean proportion between $x$ and $y$ is 9. ⇒ $x:9=9:y$ ⇒ $\frac{x}{9}=\frac{9}{y}$ $⇒x=\frac{81}{y}$ ------------------------------(1) The third proportion to $x$ and $y$ is 243. ⇒ $x:y=y:243$ ⇒ $\frac{x}{y}=\frac{y}{243}$ By putting the value of $x$, we get, $⇒y^{2}=243×\frac{81}{y}$ $⇒y^{3}=243×81$ $⇒y^{3}=(27)^{3}$ $\therefore y=27$ Putting this value in equation (1), we get, $\therefore x=\frac{81}{27}=3$ Hence, the correct answer is 3 and 27.
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Question : The third proportional of the following numbers $(x-y)^2, (x^2-y^2)^2$ is:
Option 1: $(x+y)^3(x-y)^2$
Option 2: $(x+y)^4(x-y)^2$
Option 3: $(x+y)^2(x-y)^2$
Option 4: $(x+y)^2(x-y)^3$
Question : If $x$ and $y$ are positive numbers such that $x - y = 5$ and $xy = 150$, the value of $(x + y)$ is:
Option 1: 45
Option 2: 25
Option 3: 35
Option 4: 15
Question : Let $x, y, z$ be fractions such that $x<y<z$. If $z$ is divided by $x$, the result is $\frac{5}{2}$, which exceeds $y$ by $\frac{7}{4}$. If $x+y+z=1 \frac{11}{12}$, then the ratio of $(z-x):(y-x)$ is:
Option 1: 6 : 5
Option 2: 9 : 5
Option 3: 5 : 6
Option 4: 5 : 9
Question : The ratio of the monthly incomes of X and Y is 5 : 4 and that of their monthly expenditures is 9 : 7. If the income of Y is equal to the expenditure of X, then what is the ratio of the savings of X and Y?
Option 1: 9 : 8
Option 2: 6 : 7
Option 3: 8 : 9
Option 4: 7 : 6
Question : If $x^{3}-y^{3}=81$ and $x-y=3$, what is the value of $x^{2}+y^{2}$?
Option 1: 18
Option 2: 21
Option 3: 27
Option 4: 36
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