Why do electron withdrawing groups lower the LUMO?

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Why do electron withdrawing groups lower the LUMO?

lekhraj.kushwaha 2nd Dec, 2022

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lekhraj.kushwaha 2nd Dec, 2022

An electron-donating group introduces extra electrons into the system, increasing electron-electron repulsion (or decreases the effective nuclear charge). As a result, the HOMO and LUMO energies rise. An electron-drawing group removes electrons, lowering the HOMO and LUMO energies.

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