Correct Answer: Terrorism and security concerns  

Solution : Terrorism and security concerns were significant challenges to democratization in Pakistan during the late 2000s, affecting the country's stability and governance.

Correct Answer: Cultural practices  
  

Solution : Religious composition is important for understanding cultural practices as religion significantly influences customs, traditions, and social norms.

Correct Answer: Ministry of Agriculture

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Ministry of Agriculture.

The Ministry of Agriculture, under the Government of India, is responsible for formulating and implementing policies and programs related to agriculture, including the determination of Minimum Support Prices.

The Minimum Support Price (MSP) is the price at which the government procures agricultural commodities from farmers to ensure a fair and remunerative price for their produce. The MSP serves as a safety net for farmers, protecting them from market fluctuations and ensuring a minimum level of income for their crops.

The MSP announcement plays a crucial role in agricultural marketing and provides farmers with an assurance of a minimum price for their produce. It aims to incentivize agricultural production, ensure food security, and improve the economic well-being of farmers.

Correct Answer: Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true.
    

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true.

Statement 1 is true. Agricultural marketing involves various activities such as market research, price discovery, and supply chain management, which help in the efficient allocation of resources. It allows farmers to understand market demand, make informed decisions about what to produce, and allocate their resources effectively to meet market requirements.

Statement 2 is also true. Through agricultural marketing, farmers gain access to market information, including prices, demand trends, and consumer preferences. This information helps them identify profitable crops or products and make informed decisions regarding production. It enables farmers to align their production with market demand, maximizing their chances of profitability.

Therefore, both statement 1 and statement 2 are true.

Correct Answer: Political participation

Solution : Correct Option: Option 3
Explanation: Women's equality in India is closely linked to political participation, as active involvement in political processes and decision-making is crucial for advocating women's rights and addressing gender-based inequalities.

Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
 

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

While agricultural marketing can contribute to reducing post-harvest losses, it may not be the sole factor responsible for this outcome. Post-harvest losses can occur due to various reasons such as improper handling, inadequate storage facilities, pests, diseases, and environmental factors.

Efficient agricultural marketing practices can certainly help in minimizing post-harvest losses by ensuring timely transportation, proper storage, and effective distribution of agricultural produce. However, it is important to note that other factors, such as proper post-harvest management techniques, the use of appropriate storage technologies, and good agricultural practices, also play a significant role in reducing losses.

Therefore, both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Correct Answer: Privatization of agricultural land  

Solution : Privatization of agricultural land was not an objective of land reforms in India. The main objectives included the abolition of intermediaries, tenancy reforms, and consolidation of land holdings to improve agricultural efficiency and equity. 

Correct Answer: suitable

Solution : The correct choice is the second option.

The word suitable in this context suggests that when these locusts encounter environmental conditions that are appropriate or fitting for their needs, something specific is expected to happen.

It implies a connection between the locusts' behaviour or response and the environmental conditions being well-suited for them.

Therefore, the right answer is suitable.

Correct Answer: It was a private-sector programme for agricultural modernisation.

Solution : The correct option is It was a private-sector programme for agricultural modernisation.

The Green Revolution in India was not exclusively a private-sector programme; it involved a combination of public and private efforts to achieve agricultural modernisation. The Indian government played a pivotal role in promoting the Green Revolution.

Correct Answer: The emergence of a large industrial working class  
 

Solution : Post-independence, the class structure in India saw the emergence of a large industrial working class as a result of planned industrialization and urbanization.