Correct Answer: Both statements are true.
   

Solution : The correct option is (a) Both statements are true.

Statement 1 is true. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 emphasized the importance of developing heavy industries in India to support economic growth and self-sufficiency. The focus was on sectors such as steel, power, heavy machinery, and chemical industries, which were considered crucial for industrialization and infrastructure development.

Statement 2 is also true. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 advocated for a dominant role of the public sector in key industries. It emphasized the establishment of public sector enterprises and state control over strategic industries. The government aimed to use the public sector as an instrument for planned economic development and social welfare.

Therefore, both statements are true. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 aimed to promote the development of heavy industries and emphasized public sector dominance in key industries.

Correct Answer: P. V. Narasimha Rao

Solution : The correct option is P. V. Narasimha Rao.

The Industrial Policy of 1991 in India was launched during the tenure of Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao. The reforms included measures such as liberalisation of industrial licensing, reduction of trade barriers, encouragement of foreign direct investment (FDI), and privatisation of some public sector enterprises.

Correct Answer: Mining of salt

Solution : The correct option is the Mining of salt.

The mining of salt was not included in Schedule A of the Industrial Policy of 1956 in India. In the context of India's industrial policy, Schedule A included industries that were exclusively reserved for the public sector. The reservation of industries for the public sector aimed to promote state ownership and control in sectors of the economy.

Correct Answer: Rural landholdings  

Solution : Land reforms in India were intended to break the concentration of rural landholdings, redistributing land to the landless and small farmers to promote social equity and agricultural productivity.

Correct Answer: Both 1 and 2

Solution : Answer = Both 1 and 2
AS-3 has been mandatory for Enterprises whose equity or debt securities are listed on a recognised inventory exchange in India, and All other commercial, industrial and business enterprises, whose turnover for the accounting period exceeds Rs. 50 Crores.
Hence, the correct option is 3.

Correct Answer: Green city

Solution : Correct Option: Option 1
Explanation: A green city is an urban settlement known for its environmental sustainability initiatives, focusing on reducing pollution, conserving resources, and promoting eco-friendly practices.

Correct Answer: The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities
 

Solution : In global environmental debates, India often emphasizes the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, which recognizes that while all countries are responsible for addressing environmental issues, developed countries should take a larger share of the burden due to their historical contributions to pollution.

Correct Answer: Ministry of Commerce and Industry

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

The Ministry of Commerce and Industry is responsible for formulating and implementing the foreign trade policy of India. The ministry plays a crucial role in shaping the country's trade and commerce activities, both domestically and internationally.

The Ministry of Commerce and Industry, in collaboration with various departments and agencies, develops the FTP after considering inputs from stakeholders, industry associations, and trade experts. The policy is periodically revised to align with changing global trade dynamics, economic priorities, and the overall development goals of the country.

Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion states that commercial energy sources play a crucial role in driving industrial and economic growth, which is correct. Commercial energy sources, such as coal, natural gas, and oil, are extensively used in various industries for electricity generation, manufacturing processes, transportation, and other energy-intensive activities. These energy sources provide a consistent and reliable energy supply, which is vital for powering industrial operations and driving economic growth. Industries rely on commercial energy sources to fuel their machinery, equipment, and production processes, enabling them to operate efficiently and meet the demands of a growing economy.

The reason provided states that commercial energy sources provide a consistent and reliable energy supply for industrial operations, and this is the correct explanation of the assertion. Industries require a stable and uninterrupted energy supply to maintain their production processes and meet the energy demands associated with industrial activities. Commercial energy sources, such as fossil fuels, are known for their high energy density, which makes them suitable for powering industrial machinery and equipment consistently over extended periods. The reliable and continuous supply of energy from commercial sources ensures that industries can operate smoothly and contribute to economic growth.

Therefore, both the assertion and reason are correct, and the reason serves as the correct explanation for why commercial energy sources play a crucial role in driving industrial and economic growth.

Correct Answer: 3

Solution : The correct answer is 3.

The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 in India classified industries into three categories:

1. Schedule A: Industries exclusively under the control of the state.
2. Schedule B: Industries in which the state would take up the responsibility of development but could later be entrusted to private enterprise.
3. Schedule C: Industries where private enterprise was encouraged.