Correct Answer: 37

Solution : The correct answer is 37.

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), recognised for its advanced research and development expertise across various science and technology domains, is a modern R&D institution. CSIR operates an active network comprising 37 national laboratories, 39 outreach centres, 1 innovation complex, and three units with a nationwide presence.

Correct Answer: Housing Development Finance Corporation (HDFC)

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Housing Development Finance Corporation (HDFC)

Housing Development Finance Corporation (HDFC) is a financial institution that specializes in providing loans for purchasing homes in India. It is one of the largest housing finance companies in India and offers a range of home loan products to individuals and families.

HDFC provides home loans for various purposes, including buying a new home, constructing a house, purchasing land for construction, renovating or improving an existing home, and refinancing existing home loans. They offer competitive interest rates, flexible repayment terms, and personalized customer service to cater to the diverse needs of homebuyers.

Correct Answer: the population

Solution : The correct option is the population.

Comprehensive demographic and socioeconomic information about India's population is provided by the Census of India. It takes place every ten years and covers a lot of ground. The census yields the aggregate population of India as well as the population distribution among the states, districts, and towns. Demographic data is gathered, such as the distribution of ages, the sex ratio, the literacy rate, and the level of schooling.

Correct Answer: Environmental Movement  
 

Solution : The Bhopal gas tragedy led to the emergence of the Environmental Movement in India, highlighting the need for industrial safety and environmental protection.

Correct Answer: Agricultural mismanagement

Solution : A major cause of famine in India during the era of planned development was agricultural mismanagement, which led to inadequate food production and distribution.

Correct Answer: Predominance of small and marginal farmers  

Solution : The agrarian class structure in pre-independence India was characterized by the predominance of small and marginal farmers, along with a hierarchical system of landownership and tenancy.  

Correct Answer: Protect natural resources and promote sustainability

Solution : The primary focus of environmental movements in India is to protect natural resources and promote sustainability, addressing issues such as deforestation, pollution, and wildlife conservation.

Correct Answer: The assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Solution : The correct answer is (c) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.

The assertion is true. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 in India did aim to promote the development of large-scale industries. The resolution emphasized the role of the public sector in establishing and growing key industries in the country. It sought to give a leading role to the state in guiding industrial development and building a socialistic pattern of society.

However, the reason provided is false. The resolution did not primarily emphasize the regulation and control of private industries to ensure balanced industrial growth. While it did recognize the role of the private sector in industrial development, its main focus was on promoting the growth of the public sector and state-led industrialization. The policy sought to establish a mixed economy where both public and private sectors coexist, but it did not heavily emphasize the regulation and control of private industries.

Therefore, the correct answer is that the assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Correct Answer: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award

Solution : The correct option is the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award

The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology is an award given under the aegis of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in India. This prestigious award is named after the founder and Director of CSIR, Dr. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar, and it recognizes outstanding contributions in various fields of science and technology. It is an annual award given to Indian scientists below 45.

Correct Answer: A predominantly agrarian society  

Solution : Pre-independence India had a predominantly agrarian society, with a class structure largely based on land ownership and agricultural production.