Correct Answer: deepened

Solution : The correct choice is the second option.

Deepened is the past tense of deepen, indicating an action that has already occurred. It fits well in this context to indicate the escalation or worsening of the crisis due to increased precipitation.

Correct Answer: Wells

Solution : The correct option is wells.

In India, irrigation of agricultural land is done to a significant extent by the use of wells. Wells give access to groundwater, which is an important water resource for irrigation, especially in locations where surface water supplies are scarce or unreliable. Farmers in various parts of India rely on wells to irrigate their crops, which helps to sustain agriculture and food production.
 

Correct Answer: Agricultural activities

Solution : Correct Option: 3
Explanation: The irrigation facilities in Vijayanagar were primarily developed to support agricultural activities, ensuring a consistent water supply for farming in the region.

Correct Answer: It covered the period of the 1980s.

Solution : The correct option is It covered the period of the 1980s.

The second phase of the Green Revolution, often known as the "Evergreen Revolution", extended during the 1980s. The second Green Revolution was focused on increasing agricultural productivity in areas with existing irrigation facilities, as these areas had the potential for yield gains. The first Green Revolution covered the period of the 1960s and 1970s. It was implemented in the Punjab and Uttar Pradesh regions.

Correct Answer: It was a private-sector programme for agricultural modernisation.

Solution : The correct option is It was a private-sector programme for agricultural modernisation.

The Green Revolution in India was not exclusively a private-sector programme; it involved a combination of public and private efforts to achieve agricultural modernisation. The Indian government played a pivotal role in promoting the Green Revolution.

Correct Answer: Gravity-based water flow

Solution : Correct Option: 2
Explanation: The irrigation systems in Vijayanagar were advanced for their time because of their gravity-based water flow, which allowed efficient distribution of water for agriculture without the need for mechanical pumps.

Correct Answer: Supporting agriculture

Solution : Correct Option: 2
Explanation: The significance of irrigation in Vijayanagar was primarily for supporting agriculture, as it provided a reliable water source for crops in the arid region.

Correct Answer: Both statements are true.
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both statements are true.

Statement 1 is true. The Green Revolution did indeed focus on the use of high-yielding varieties of seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation techniques. These advancements in agricultural technology helped increase crop productivity and played a crucial role in transforming agriculture in various parts of the world, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s.

Statement 2 is also true. While the Green Revolution aimed at increasing overall agricultural productivity, it did have a significant focus on increasing the production of cash crops. The adoption of high-yielding varieties and modern agricultural practices led to a boost in the production of crops such as wheat, rice, and maize, which are often considered cash crops due to their market value and economic importance.

Therefore, the correct answer is that both statements are true.

Correct Answer: Using drip irrigation in agriculture

Solution : Using drip irrigation in agriculture is a method of water conservation, as it delivers water directly to the roots of plants, reducing evaporation and wastage.

Correct Answer: Advanced irrigation techniques

Solution : Correct Option: 3
Explanation: The sustainability of Vijayanagar's agriculture was enhanced by advanced irrigation techniques, which ensured a consistent water supply for farming and helped prevent soil erosion.