Correct Answer: Finance Commission

Solution : The correct answer is the Finance Commission.

The President constitutes the Finance Commission, a body established by the Constitution. It establishes guidelines for how the Centre should allocate funds from the India Consolidated Fund to the states as aid and makes recommendations for ways to boost state resources.

Correct Answer: Jurisprudence

Solution : The first option is the correct choice.

Jurisprudence is the correct one-word substitute for the theory or philosophy of law.

The meanings of the other options are as follows:

• Pacifism refers to a different concept, which is a belief in peace and opposition to war.
• Cosmology refers to the study of the universe's origin and structure, which is unrelated to the theory of law.
• Philia refers to a type of love or friendship that is not related to the theory or philosophy of law.

Correct Answer: Daniel Bernoulli

Solution : The correct option is Daniel Bernoulli.

Bernoulli's principle, which is named after Daniel Bernoulli, a Swiss mathematician and physicist, states that the total energy per unit mass of flowing fluid at any point in the subsurface (or any point in the flow) is the sum of its kinetic energy, potential energy, and fluid pressure energy. This principle is fundamental in fluid dynamics and is used to explain various phenomena, including the behaviour of fluids in pipes, the lift of an aeroplane wing, and much more.

Correct Answer: Reaction

Solution : It is the third law of motion . According to this law , "For every action,there is always an equal and opposite reaction. Example: Swimming--- A swimmer pushes the water backwards (action) . The water pushes the swimmer forward (reaction) with the same force.

Correct Answer: Charter Act, 1833

Solution : The correct option is the Charter Act, of 1833.

The Charter Act of 1833 was a significant piece of legislation enacted by the British Parliament regarding the governance of British India. The act marked the end of the East India Company's trade monopoly with China and the East Indies. It allowed private traders to engage in these trades. The act expanded the Governor-General's Council with the addition of four law members to help with legislative and legal matters.

Correct Answer: 1865

Solution : The correct option is 1865.

John Alexander Newlands proposed the "Law of Octaves" in 1865. According to the Law of Octaves, chemical elements display comparable properties after every eighth element when grouped in increasing atomic weight order.

Correct Answer: Both the assertion and reason are correct and related.

Solution : The correct answer is (A) Both the assertion and reason are correct and related.

The assertion states that when the price of a good decreases, its quantity demanded increases. This is a basic principle of economics and is supported by the law of demand, which states that there is an inverse relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded. When the price of a good decreases, consumers are generally willing and able to buy more of that good, resulting in an increase in the quantity demanded.

 Therefore, the assertion and reason are both correct and related.

Correct Answer: United Kingdom

Solution : The correct option is the United Kingdom.

The idea of the Rule of Law, as it is understood in modern constitutional and political theory, has deep roots in the legal and political traditions of the United Kingdom. The Magna Carta, signed in 1215, is often considered a foundational document in the development of the Rule of Law, as it established the principle that the king and government are subject to the law.

Correct Answer: Complicated situation.

Solution : The correct choice is the third option.

The idiom a mare's nest typically refers to a situation or discovery that initially appears promising or exciting but ultimately turns out to be illusory, non-existent, or more complicated than originally thought. It signifies a false or misleading discovery that appears significant but is, in reality, meaningless or without substance.

Correct Answer: Both the assertion and reason are correct and related.

Solution : The correct answer is (A) Both the assertion and reason are correct and related.

The assertion states that when the price of a product decreases, its quantity demanded increases. This is correct. According to the law of demand, there is an inverse relationship between the price of a product and the quantity demanded. When the price of a product decreases, consumers generally find it more affordable, leading to an increase in the quantity demanded.

The reason provided states that the law of demand states an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. This reason is correct and directly supports the assertion. The law of demand is a fundamental principle in economics that states that, all else being equal, there is an inverse relationship between the price of a product and the quantity demanded. When the price decreases, the quantity demanded tends to increase, and vice versa.

Therefore, both the assertion and reason are correct and related. The decrease in price leads to an increase in quantity demanded, as stated by the reason, which aligns with the assertion based on the law of demand.