Staff Selection Commission Stenographer Grade C & D Exam
Question : Comprehension:
Read the following passage and answer the questions given that follow.
An excavation of ancient Babylon revealed evidence that Babylonians were making soap around 2800 B.C. This is the first concrete evidence we have of a soap-like substance. The early soap makers were Babylonians, Mesopotamians, and Egyptians, as well as the ancient Greeks and Romans. All of them made soap by mixing fat, oils, and salts. Soap wasn't made and used for bathing and personal hygiene but was rather produced for cleaning cooking utensils or goods or was used for medicine purposes. The early references to soap making were for the use of soap in cleaning wool and cotton used in textile manufacture, which was used medicinally for at least 5000 years. Soap is a product for cleaning made from natural ingredients that may include both plant and animal products, including items such as animal fat, such as tallow, or vegetable oil, such as castor, olive, or coconut oil. Soap supposedly got its name from Mount Sapo in Rome. The word 'sapo', Latin for soap, first appeared in Pliny the Elder's Historia Naturalis. The first soap was made by the Babylonians around 2800 B.C. Soap-making history goes back many thousands of years. In the early beginnings of soap making, it was an exclusive technique used by small groups of soap makers. The demand for soap was high, but it was very expensive, and there was a monopoly on soap production in many areas. Back then, plant byproducts and animal and vegetable oils were the main ingredients in soap. The price of soap was significantly reduced in 1791 when a Frenchman by the name of LeBlanc discovered a chemical process that allowed soap to be made cheaply and sold for significantly less money. More than 20 years later, another Frenchman identified relationships between glycerine, fats, and acid—what marked the beginning of modern soap-making. With the discovery of another method of making soap, soap became even less expensive. Since that time, there have been no major discoveries, and the same processes are used for the soap making we use and enjoy today. Advances came as the science of chemistry developed because more was understood about the ingredients. In the mid-nineteenth century, soap for bathing became a separate commodity from laundry soap, with milder soaps being packaged, sold, and made available for personal use. Liquid hand soaps were invented in the 1970s, and this invention keeps soaps in the public eye. Today, there are many different kinds of soaps made for a vast array of purposes. Soap is available for personal, commercial, and industrial use. There is handmade, homemade, and commercially produced soap; there is soap used to wash clothes, dishes, and cars; there is soap used for your pet; there is soap for your carpet; and there is also soap for your child.
Question:-
In the eighteenth century, which ingredient was NOT used in making soap?
Option 1: Plant byproducts
Option 2: Animal fat
Option 3: Vegetable oils
Option 4: Glycerin
Correct Answer: Glycerin
Solution : The fourth option is the correct answer.
Explanation: The passage mentions that the price of soap was significantly reduced in 1791 when a Frenchman named LeBlanc discovered a chemical process. This discovery allowed soap to be made cheaply and sold for significantly less money. It implies that before this discovery, soap-making did not involve the use of glycerine.
Therefore, the correct answer is glycerine.
Question : Who among the following was the first chairman of the Rajya Sabha?
Option 1: B. R. Ambedkar
Option 2: Sachchidananda Sinha
Option 3: Rajendra Prasad
Option 4: S. Radhakrishnan
Correct Answer: S. Radhakrishnan
Solution : The correct answer is S. Radhakrishnan.
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was the first chairman of the Rajya Sabha. He served as India's first vice president. Rajya Sabha is the Upper House, often known as the House of Elders. It represents the states and union territories.
Question : ______ was voted as the winner of the Laureus Sporting Moment Award 2000-2020.
Option 1: Virat Kohli
Option 2: Yuvraj Singh
Option 3: MS Dhoni
Option 4: Sachin Tendulkar
Correct Answer: Sachin Tendulkar
Solution : The correct answer is Sachin Tendulkar.
Sachin Tendulkar was voted as the winner of the Laureus Sporting Moment Award 2000–2020. With the incredible support of Indian cricket fans, Sachin Tendulkar won this award by public vote.
Question : In February 2020, the Indian Railways launched its first "Restaurant on Wheels." The restaurant was inaugurated at the circulating area of the ____________Railway Station.
Option 1: Chennai Central
Option 2: Trivandrum Central
Option 3: Asansol
Option 4: Cuttack
Correct Answer: Asansol
Solution : The correct answer is Asansol.
Indian Railways has introduced its inaugural ''Restaurant on Wheels'' at the circulating area of Asansol railway station, catering to both passengers and the general public. Union Minister Babul Supriyo, inaugurating the facility, highlighted its development through the refurbishment of two ageing MEMU coaches. The initiative not only enhances Asansol station's amenities but anticipates generating non-fare revenue of approximately ₹50 lakh over the next five years, according to the Ministry of Railways.
Question : Select the word that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word in the given sentence.
On several occasions he defended the cause of moderation and justice against the fanatical crusaders.
Option 1: Liberal
Option 2: Generous
Option 3: Profound
Option 4: Intolerant
Correct Answer: Liberal
Solution : The correct choice is the first option.
In the given sentence, the underlined word is intolerant, which means they are unwilling to accept or respect beliefs or opinions that differ from their own. The opposite of intolerant is liberal. In this context, liberal refers to being open-minded, tolerant, and accepting of diverse views and perspectives.
The meanings of other words are:
Therefore, the right answer is liberal.
Question : Which of the following is not an east-flowing river of Kerala?
Option 1: Chandragiri
Option 2: Bhavani
Option 3: Pambar
Option 4: Kabini
Correct Answer: Chandragiri
Solution : The correct answer is Chandragiri.
Kerala has just three rivers that run eastward: the Bhavani and Pambar Rivers flow into Tamil Nadu, while the Kabini River flows into Karnataka. The Kaveri River is joined by these three principal rivers in Kerala. Every river that flows westward in Kerala is at least 15 km long and empties into the Arabian Sea or the backwaters. Chandragiri River, also called the Payaswini or Perumpuzha River, empties into the Arabian Sea. It is a westward-flowing river.
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each number.
I arrived in Delhi in 2009 from a very small town. I had (1)______ lived in a big city before. It was a (2)______ experience for me. I walked around, learning (3)______ names of the streets and taking note (4)______ the shops. After months of wandering, I (5)______ that I had slowly become familiar with Delhi and (6)______ at home. On weekends, I packed some chapatis that (7)______ as my mid-day meal. Then I left for a (8)______ park where I spent hours (9)______ the people of my new city (10)______ feeding the birds with bits of chapatis.
Question:
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank No. 6.
Option 1: feeling
Option 2: feel
Option 3: felt
Option 4: feels
Correct Answer: felt
Solution : The third option is correct.
Therefore, the correct answer is felt.
Question : In which year did the Rajya Sabha meet for the first time?
Option 1: 1952
Option 2: 1947
Option 3: 1950
Option 4: 1954
Correct Answer: 1952
Solution : The correct answer is 1952.
The first meeting of the Rajya Sabha was held on May 13, 1952. Rajya Sabha is known as the upper house of the Parliament of India. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was the first chairperson of the Rajya Sabha.
Question : In which of the following Hindu months is the festival of Diwali celebrated?
Option 1: Phalgun
Option 2: Chaitra
Option 3: Kartik
Option 4: Sawan
Correct Answer: Kartik
Solution : The correct answer is Kartik.
Diwali is celebrated in the Hindu month of Kartik or Kartika. The Diwali day occurs on the darkest night of the lunar month. Diwali is the most prominent festival in the Hindu religion, and it is celebrated to mark the arrival of Lord Rama after 14 years of exile.
Question : Directions: Select the word that cannot be formed using the letters of the given word. TRADITIONAL
Option 1: LAID
Option 2: TRADE
Option 3: RADIATION
Option 4: RATIONAL
Correct Answer: TRADE
Solution : Given: TRADITIONAL
Let's compare all the option words with the given word. First option: LAID; All the letters of LAID are present in the word TRADITIONAL. Second option: TRADE; E is not present in the word TRADITIONAL. Therefore, all the letters of TRADE are not present in the word TRADITIONAL. Third option: RADIATION; All the letters of RADIATION are present in the word TRADITIONAL. Fourth option: RATIONAL; All the letters of RATIONAL are present in the word TRADITIONAL.
Only TRADE cannot be formed using the letters of the word TRADITIONAL. Hence, the second option is correct.
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