If you're preparing for the GATE 2025 exam in the Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) paper, it's crucial to understand the syllabus thoroughly. Below is a structured overview to guide your preparation:

1. General Aptitude (15 Marks)

• Verbal Ability : Grammar, sentence completion, verbal analogies, word groups, instructions, critical reasoning, and verbal deduction.

• Numerical Ability : Numerical computation, numerical estimation, numerical reasoning, and data interpretation.

2. Core Subjects (85 Marks)

A. Probability and Statistics

• Counting principles: Permutations and combinations.

• Probability axioms, sample space, events, and types of events.

• Conditional probability, Bayes' theorem.

• Random variables: Discrete and continuous.

• Probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson, Normal, Exponential, etc.

• Statistical measures: Mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation.

• Hypothesis testing: z-test, t-test, chi-squared test.

B. Linear Algebra

• Vectors, matrices, determinants.

• Systems of linear equations.

• Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

• Matrix decompositions: LU, QR, SVD.

C. Calculus and Optimization

• Limits, continuity, differentiability.

• Taylor and Maclaurin series.

• Maxima and minima.

• Optimization techniques.

D. Programming, Data Structures, and Algorithms

• Programming fundamentals (preferably in Python).

• Data structures: Arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, graphs.

• Algorithms: Searching, sorting, recursion, dynamic programming.

E. Database Management and Warehousing

• Database concepts, ER models, relational models.

• SQL queries, normalization.

• Data warehousing concepts, OLAP, ETL processes.

F. Machine Learning

• Supervised learning: Regression, classification.

• Unsupervised learning: Clustering, dimensionality reduction.

• Model evaluation metrics.

G. Artificial Intelligence

• Search algorithms: BFS, DFS, A*.

• Game playing, knowledge representation.

• Reasoning and inference.

For a detailed syllabus, you can refer to the official GATE 2025 syllabus PDF provided by IIT Roorkee: GATE 2025 DA Syllabus PDF (https://gate2025.iitr.ac.in/doc/2025/GATE%20_DA_2025_Syllabus.pdf)