Modern medicine uses evolution and genetics to improve treatment in the following ways evolutionary clinical medicine Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve to survive drugs. Understanding this helps doctors use combination therapies and controlled antibiotic use. In cancer, tumors evolve resistance to chemotherapy, so adaptive treatment strategies are used personalized medicine Genetic testing guides treatment for individuals. For example, BRCA gene testing helps plan breast cancer treatment, and pharmacogenomics is used to adjust drug doses like warfarin based on a patient's genes. These approaches make treatment more effective and targeted.

Modern medicines increasingly relies on biological concept such as evolution and genetics to improve treatment outcomes. In Evolutionary Clinical medicines, Doctors study how disease evolve, for example by tracking how bacteria develop antibiotic resistance or how cancer cells mutate to survive therapy. This evolutionary perspective helps design strategies like rotating antibiotics or adaptive cancer treatment to slow resistance and relapse. In Personalized Medicine , genetic information is used to tailor care to each patient. For instance, while patient with BRCA mutations can take preventive measures against breast and ovarian cancer. Similarly, pharmacogenomic testing ensures that medicines such blood thinners or HIV drugs are prescribed safely based on persons genetic profile. Together, approaches show how understanding evolution and genetics allows modern medicines to treat disease more effectively and precisely.