Hello,

To get an admission in PHD you need to score 630 marks in GATE score and you need to have 60% of marks in your Degree.

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Option number 3 that is Tuatara -> Lizard -> Snake -> Crocodile is the correct answer. Tuataras are reptiles endemic to New Zealand and Lizards were evolved from Tuatara only. The snakes are close relatives of the lizards. However, they lack external ear openings and movable eyelids.

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Hi Ishika

Answer is 1. Erectus ->Homo -> Primate ->chordate - >Animalia

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Best of Luck!

Statement number 2 is the correct one. That is cryptic camouflage is seen in Biston Betularia.

It is a temperate species of moths who fly at night. Biston Betularia is also called as the peppered moth. As an example of natural selection, peppered moth's example is oftenly used.

Best wishes. Thank you.

Homologous and vestigial organs that is option number 1 is the correct answer.

Homologous organs have a common origin and are built on the same basic fundamental principle but they have variant appearance and perform different functions as well. At the same time, Vestigial organs had important functions in the animals' ancestors and basically dont have much to do now.

Therefore option number 1 is correct.

Thank you.

Hello Isshika,

The plica semilunaris is a fold of the conjunctiva at the inner corner of the human eye.

The similarity to the nictitating membrane, or third eyelid, of other animals led to the conjecture that it might be the vestige of such a structure, which is still a part of the eye in some primates, including gorillas.

However in chimpanzees, one of the human species’ closest relatives, the plica semilunaris appears to be vestigial.

The purpose of the nictitating membrane in many animals is that of protection. For instance,  it helps in keeping the eye clean and moist and concealing the iris from predators. The membrane, in certain species, is sufficiently transparent to enable vision when underground or underwater.

Though the reason for the loss of a nictitating membrane in humans in rather ambiguous, changes in our habitat and the physiology of the eye may have put the tissue out unnecessary.

Hope this helps you. We wish you the best for your future endeavours!

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Hello!!

The organisms which shows the features of two different groups is called connecting link.

This type of organisms show the evolution of advanced group from the primitive group through transitional form.see if you want a very simple example you can think of a virus it is a connecting link between living and non living.

If you want more technical examples,proterospongia is connecting link between protozoa and porifera.

Neopillina is the connecting link between annelida and mollusc

Hello!

It is the evolution in other organisms due to the human interference or activities.

In ncert you will get a very popular example of melanic or industrial melanism.

In 1850 the environmental condition of Britain was very less polluting,in that environment predation of melanic moth by the birds was very high compared to the predation of grey moth,because the birds could easily detect the melanin moth in the grey background.

The grey color of moth was the adaptive feature because of camoflaging After 1930 pollution control devices were implanted.Background became greyish hence the number of grey moth increased and the melanin moth reduced this is known as reserve evolution.because grey moth showed camouflaging with  that background

Hello !

Parallel evolutions is generally the development of similar trait in two different species which are not closely related. They share a similar original trait due to similar evolutionary pressure. In this way, the evolution is kind of parallel due to which it is called parallel evolution .