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It is the evolution in other organisms due to the human interference or activities.

In ncert you will get a very popular example of melanic or industrial melanism.

In 1850 the environmental condition of Britain was very less polluting,in that environment predation of melanic moth by the birds was very high compared to the predation of grey moth,because the birds could easily detect the melanin moth in the grey background.

The grey color of moth was the adaptive feature because of camoflaging After 1930 pollution control devices were implanted.Background became greyish hence the number of grey moth increased and the melanin moth reduced this is known as reserve evolution.because grey moth showed camouflaging with  that background

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Parallel evolutions is generally the development of similar trait in two different species which are not closely related. They share a similar original trait due to similar evolutionary pressure. In this way, the evolution is kind of parallel due to which it is called parallel evolution .

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Convergent evolution is basically when the anatomy of some parts of animals are same but their function is different due to the difference in the surrounding or environmental condition. For example , forelimbs of tetrapods. The anatomy is same but functions are different.

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Marsupials originated in North America and through South America It spreader to other regions,Carnivore mammals evolved in North America and started predating on the Marsupials.

Before the Carnivore mammals could reach to Australian region the Australian realm got separated from the main land with Marsupial Ancestors and in course of time different species of Marsupials evolved.

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New traits can also come from transfer of genes between populations, as in migration, or between species, in horizontal gene transfer. Evolution occurs when these heritable differences become more common or rare in a population, either non-randomly through natural selection or randomly through genetic drift.

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One of the strongest evidences for common descent comes from gene sequences. Comparative sequence analysis examines the relationship between the DNA sequences of different species, producing several lines ofevidence that confirm Darwin's original hypothesis of common descent.

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Supernatural power created all the organisms in its present form.

Demerits of this theory are-

No question of inter relationship among the organism.

No question of the occurance of variation

No question of evolution

No explanation about the place of origin.

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Hello the answer is 2. Gorilla

Apes are the members of the hominoidea superfamily of primates, which includes humans. Under the current classification system there are two families of hominoids.The family hylobatidae consists of 4 genera and 13 species of gibbons, including the Lar Gibbon and the Siamang, collectively known as the "lesser apes".The family hominidae consisting of orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans, collectively known as the "great apes".

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I hope you are having a nice day!

I would like to inform you that every apes given in the question is related to man but if we go for most appropriate or more related to man are Gorilla because Apes are the members of the hominoidea super-family of primates, which includes humans.

And according to the current classification system there are two families of hominoids. The family hominoidea consisting of orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans, collectively known as the "great apes".

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