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Convergent evolution is basically when the anatomy of some parts of animals are same but their function is different due to the difference in the surrounding or environmental condition. For example , forelimbs of tetrapods. The anatomy is same but functions are different.

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Marsupials originated in North America and through South America It spreader to other regions,Carnivore mammals evolved in North America and started predating on the Marsupials.

Before the Carnivore mammals could reach to Australian region the Australian realm got separated from the main land with Marsupial Ancestors and in course of time different species of Marsupials evolved.

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New traits can also come from transfer of genes between populations, as in migration, or between species, in horizontal gene transfer. Evolution occurs when these heritable differences become more common or rare in a population, either non-randomly through natural selection or randomly through genetic drift.

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One of the strongest evidences for common descent comes from gene sequences. Comparative sequence analysis examines the relationship between the DNA sequences of different species, producing several lines ofevidence that confirm Darwin's original hypothesis of common descent.

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Supernatural power created all the organisms in its present form.

Demerits of this theory are-

No question of inter relationship among the organism.

No question of the occurance of variation

No question of evolution

No explanation about the place of origin.

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Hello the answer is 2. Gorilla

Apes are the members of the hominoidea superfamily of primates, which includes humans. Under the current classification system there are two families of hominoids.The family hylobatidae consists of 4 genera and 13 species of gibbons, including the Lar Gibbon and the Siamang, collectively known as the "lesser apes".The family hominidae consisting of orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans, collectively known as the "great apes".

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I would like to inform you that every apes given in the question is related to man but if we go for most appropriate or more related to man are Gorilla because Apes are the members of the hominoidea super-family of primates, which includes humans.

And according to the current classification system there are two families of hominoids. The family hominoidea consisting of orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans, collectively known as the "great apes".

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Homo erectus (meaning 'upright man') were a species of archaic humans from the Pleistocene, earliest occurrence about 2 mya They are proposed to be the direct ancestors to several human species, such as H. heidelbergensis, H. antecessor, Neanderthals, Denisovans, and modern humans.

Modern man is nothing but homo sapiens so there are also theory stating that neanderthals are not the direct ancestor of homo sapiens but somewhat related to modern man.

Australopithecus anamensis, A. afarensis, and A. africanus are among the most famous of the extinct hominins. A. africanus was once considered to be ancestral to the genus Homo (in particular Homo erectus).

Fossil found is of idaltu man.

SO, the right answer would be homo erectus to be the director ancestor of homo sapiens.

The correct answer is Variation.

Explanation:

The various traits or behaviours of an organisms are seen to have evolved over many years through natural selection, with the main aim of surviving in the environment. Natural variation is the process in which individuals are better adapted in the environment, with the main aim of surviving and reproducing. Variations, often down the genetic level, or caused by genetic mutation, often allows some members of a species to be better adapted to an environment. This also helps in the process of evolution, thus initiating natural selection and initiating force of natural selection.

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