Correct Answer: Functional structure

Solution : Functional structure is the classification of related jobs into separate departments. Hence, the correct option is 1.

Correct Answer: Initiative

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Initiative

The principle of "Initiative" in management encourages employees to take ownership, make decisions, and propose innovative solutions in their work. It involves empowering employees to act independently, show creativity, and contribute proactively to the organization's goals. ABC Hospitality's belief in empowering its employees to make decisions and take ownership aligns with the principle of initiative, fostering a culture of self-driven actions and proactive contributions within the company.

Correct Answer: Motivate and guide their performance

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Motivate and guide their performance.

Constructive feedback is essential in helping employees understand how they are performing in their roles, what they are doing well, and where they can improve. It's meant to be supportive and developmental, aimed at motivating employees to enhance their performance and achieve their goals. By offering constructive feedback, supervisors at XYZ Electronics can guide employees, provide insights, and encourage them to continually improve and contribute effectively to the organization.

Correct Answer: Lower-level management

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Lower-level management

Lower-level management, also known as first-line or front-line management, is directly responsible for overseeing employees, their work, and day-to-day operations. They are typically responsible for ensuring that employees are performing their tasks efficiently and according to established standards and procedures. This level of management plays a crucial role in the operational aspects of the organization.

Correct Answer: The assertion is correct, the reason is incorrect.

Solution : The correct answer is (c) The assertion is correct, the reason is incorrect.

The assertion is correct. Scientific management principles do indeed aim to eliminate inefficiencies in work processes through systematic analysis and improvement.

The reason is incorrect. Scientific management heavily relies on data-driven methods and scientific analysis to optimize performance and eliminate inefficiencies. Therefore, the reason does not provide a correct explanation for the assertion.

Correct Answer: Fatigue Study

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Fatigue Study

A fatigue study aims to analyze and comprehend the physical and mental fatigue that employees may endure while performing their tasks. It involves examining factors such as workload, working conditions, duration of work, and the impact on the overall well-being and performance of the employees.

Correct Answer: Lower-level management

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Lower-level management

Lower-level management, also known as first-line or front-line management, is responsible for the actual execution of plans and policies within the various departments and teams of the organization. They ensure that the day-to-day operations align with the strategies and directions set by top management. While middle-level management may also play a role in implementing these plans, it's the lower-level managers and employees who are most directly involved in carrying out the tasks necessary to achieve the organization's goals.

Correct Answer: Method analysis

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Method analysis

Method analysis, a technique in scientific management, involves analyzing and simplifying work processes to make them more efficient and effective. It entails a thorough examination of each step in a work process to identify unnecessary or time-consuming tasks. The goal is to optimize the sequence of steps, reduce wasteful activities, and streamline the workflow to enhance productivity and efficiency within the organization.

Correct Answer: Leadership

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Leadership.

Leadership involves providing direction, motivation, and support to employees to help them work towards and achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. A good leader guides the team, sets clear expectations, motivates employees, and ensures that they are equipped with the necessary resources and knowledge to perform effectively and contribute to the success of the organization.

Correct Answer: Initiative

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Initiative

Initiative involves encouraging employees to take proactive steps, show enthusiasm, and propose new ideas or improvements in their work. By empowering employees to make decisions and take ownership, ABC Hospitality is applying the principle of initiative.

In summary, ABC Hospitality empowering its employees to make decisions and take ownership of their work aligns with the principle of "initiative," as it encourages proactive behavior, creativity, and a sense of ownership among the workforce.