Correct Answer: Lower-level management

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Lower-level management

Lower-level management, also known as first-line or front-line management, is responsible for the actual execution of plans and policies within the various departments and teams of the organization. They ensure that the day-to-day operations align with the strategies and directions set by top management. While middle-level management may also play a role in implementing these plans, it's the lower-level managers and employees who are most directly involved in carrying out the tasks necessary to achieve the organization's goals.

Correct Answer: Contribute to achieving organizational objectives

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Contribute to achieving organizational objectives.

The directing function involves guiding, instructing, and overseeing employees to align their efforts and activities towards achieving the organization's goals and objectives. It includes providing clear instructions, coordinating efforts, and motivating employees to work collectively toward common organizational aims. The directing function is about channeling individual and collective efforts toward organizational success through coordination and alignment of actions.

Correct Answer: Method study

Solution : Method studies conserved with finding one best way of doing a job. For finding best method of performing the job, critical analysis is made for plant layout,product design, material handling and work processes. Many techniques like process charts,operations, research are used here.

Hence, Option C is correct.

Correct Answer: Open communication and participation

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Open communication and participation.

Encouraging employees to share their opinions and ideas fosters an environment of open communication and active participation. It allows for collaboration, creativity, and the pooling of diverse perspectives to drive innovation and decision-making within the organization. Open communication encourages a democratic approach, collaboration, and involvement of employees in decision-making processes, rather than imposing strict control or isolation.

Correct Answer: Coordination

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Coordination.

Coordination is the process of harmonizing and integrating the efforts of team members to ensure that tasks align with the overall plan. It involves organizing, synchronizing, and overseeing activities to meet the objectives. Effective coordination ensures that tasks are carried out as intended, minimizing deviations from the planned course of action.

In summary, while decision-making, communication, and motivation are critical aspects of directing, coordination plays a direct role in ensuring that tasks are performed in line with the planned objectives and strategies. Coordination involves orchestrating the actions of individuals and teams to achieve the desired goals as laid out in the plan.

Correct Answer: Lower-level management

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Lower-level management

Lower-level management, which includes supervisors and front-line managers, is directly involved in overseeing and making decisions about the daily operations of the organization. They are responsible for tasks related to the operational aspects of the business and ensure that work is carried out efficiently and effectively. This level of management is closest to the employees and is responsible for implementing the plans and policies set by higher management levels.

Correct Answer: Better product quality and increased productivity

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Better product quality and increased productivity

Investing in training employees in the latest technologies and innovative techniques resulted in improved skills and knowledge among the workforce. This, in turn, led to better product quality and increased productivity. The training helped the company adapt to technological advancements, enhancing its competitiveness in the market.

Correct Answer: Ensuring transparency
 

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Ensuring transparency

The main aim of SEBI's protective functions is to ensure transparency in the securities market. SEBI's protective functions are designed to safeguard the interests of investors and maintain the integrity and fairness of the market. By enforcing regulations, preventing fraudulent practices, ensuring accurate and timely disclosure of information, and prohibiting insider trading, SEBI promotes transparency. Transparency is crucial for investor confidence, fair market practices, and the overall health and stability of the financial system. It allows investors to make informed decisions based on accurate and reliable information, fostering trust and contributing to the development and growth of the market.

Correct Answer: Initiative

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Initiative.

Initiative is a principle that encourages employees to actively seek opportunities for improvement, propose innovative ideas, and take ownership of their work. By empowering employees to make decisions and take ownership, an organization promotes a culture of engagement, creativity, and proactivity.

Correct Answer: Low cost per tonne-kilometer

Solution : A key advantage of using rail transport for long-distance freight in India is its low cost per tonne-kilometer, making it an economical choice for bulk goods.