Hi,

There are many branches (sub-domains) within the broad field of archaeology, like Terrestrial (Land) Archaeology or Maritime Archaeology . Underwater archaeology shares the same methodology and principles as archaeology carried out on land sites. All archaeology involves the careful study of artefacts, structures and features to reconstruct and explain the lives of people in the past. However, because it is carried out in a more challenging environment, underwater archaeological fieldwork is more complex than land archaeology.

Specialized techniques and equipment are required to work productively underwater. An underwater archaeologist needs to know about specialized robotics, underwater communications, navigation techniques, marine remote sensing, scuba diving etc. Recording information underwater presents its own challenges. A special underwater paper is used for notes and drawings, while photo and video cameras are placed in waterproof housings.

Underwater archaeological fieldwork includes remote-sensing surveys using geophysical techniques, diving surveys to locate and map sites, site monitoring, and excavation. The success of an underwater archaeological project rests on accurate documentation of all aspects of the process. Meticulous mapping and recording are particularly essential when excavation is required, as artefacts and other physical evidence are permanently removed from their original contexts. Underwater Archaeologists aim to be able to reconstruct the entire site from the records they generate during fieldwork.

Hope this helps.