A biodiversity hotspot is a region with considerable levels of biological diversity but is under danger due to human activity. To be considered a biodiversity hotspot, a region must have lost 70% of it's biological species.

There are 30 biodiversity hotspots in the world. India has 4 of them namely the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo Burma region and Andaman Nicobar group of islands. They are the homeland to numerous endemic species. Hence India is considered a mega biodiversity hotspot.