Correct Answer: Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion that scientific management principles aim to optimize worker output is correct. Scientific management, as advocated by Frederick Taylor and others, emphasizes optimizing efficiency and productivity to achieve the maximum output from workers.

The reason provided, stating that it promotes standardization and specialization in tasks, is also correct. Scientific management does indeed promote standardization and specialization to streamline processes and enhance productivity, which is a key aspect of optimizing worker output.

The reason explains and supports the assertion, making both assertions and reasons correct.

Correct Answer: Esprit de corps

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Esprit de corps.

"Esprit de corps" translates to the spirit of the group or team spirit. It emphasizes creating a sense of unity, cohesion, and camaraderie among employees within an organization. Encouraging a positive work environment and team collaboration fosters a sense of unity and belonging among the workforce, which can lead to increased morale, motivation, and overall organizational effectiveness.

Correct Answer: Economic objective
   

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Economic objective

The economic objective of management is primarily concerned with the financial performance and profitability of the organization. It involves managing resources and operations to ensure the company's economic well-being, which includes maximizing revenue, minimizing costs, and generating profits. While other objectives, such as the social objective or organizational objective, are important, the economic objective is a fundamental focus for most businesses, including retailers, to ensure their financial sustainability.

Correct Answer: Operational plan

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Operational plan

An operational plan is the most appropriate for implementing the new curriculum. It details the specific actions, processes, and tasks required for day-to-day operations. In this case, it would outline how the curriculum would be taught, the resources needed, the training of teachers, and the daily schedules, among other operational details.

Therefore, ABC Educational Institute should develop an operational plan to ensure a smooth and effective implementation of the new curriculum, addressing the practical aspects of its day-to-day execution.

Correct Answer: Enhancing employee performance and satisfaction

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Enhancing employee performance and satisfaction

Motivation is a critical aspect of directing and management. It involves inspiring and encouraging employees to put forth their best efforts and achieve their goals. When employees at XYZ Electronics are motivated, they are more likely to be engaged, productive, and satisfied with their work. This ultimately leads to improved performance and higher levels of satisfaction within the team and organization.

Correct Answer: Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both assertions and reasons are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion is correct. Scientific management principles, including job specialization, indeed aim to increase efficiency by allowing employees to focus on specific tasks and become more proficient in those tasks over time.

The reason is the correct explanation. Job specialization permits employees to concentrate on particular tasks, leading to the development of expertise in those tasks, ultimately enhancing efficiency.

Correct Answer: Government policies

Solution : The correct answer is (C) Government policies

The business environment factor affecting ABC Ltd. in this case is government policies. The challenges the company faces in meeting government regulations related to packaging and waste management are directly related to regulatory policies set by the government.

Correct Answer: Initiative

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Initiative

The principle of "Initiative" in management encourages employees to take ownership, make decisions, and propose innovative solutions in their work. It involves empowering employees to act independently, show creativity, and contribute proactively to the organization's goals. ABC Hospitality believing in empowering its employees to make decisions and take ownership aligns with the principle of initiative, fostering a culture of responsibility and proactive contributions within the company.

Correct Answer: Order

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Order.

The principle of "Order" in management emphasizes organizing resources and activities in the most efficient and effective manner. This includes providing clear instructions, arranging tasks in a logical sequence, and ensuring that there's a place for everything and everything is in its place. By providing clear and precise instructions, an organization can streamline operations and enhance productivity.