Staff Selection Commission Stenographer Grade C & D Exam
Question : Comprehension: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. If you pay close attention to soap advertisements, you may hear of its pH value being claimed to be perfect for human skin. But is there really such a thing? Let's start at the beginning. pH (potential hydrogen) is defined as the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. pH values range between 0 and 14.7 is the neutral point, 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most alkaline. More importantly, your skin isn't exactly pH 5.5; it falls in a range between 4.0 and 7.0, depending on diverse factors like the body part, age, genetics, ethnicity, and environmental conditions.
So, are products formulated at pH 5.5 perfect for skin? The short answer: not really! First, parameters like texture and other ingredients indicate a cleanser's quality, much better than pH alone. Second, though the skin pH rises slightly immediately after cleaning even with plain water, it reverts to its mild acidic pH in an hour. Healthy skin quickly rebalances the 'acid mantle' - a protective layer over the skin—and is unaffected in the long term by the cleanser's pH. Skin modulates pH, making skin products function optimally. So, why market pH 5.5 products as "perfect"? Well, for certain skin types (e.g., oily skin) and certain skin conditions (like acne), an increase in pH can aggravate these skin situations. This might lead to an interpretation that a skin care product needs to be at a pH for optimum cleansing. Hence, skincare experts have expressed reservations about pH being the sole criterion of product safety and 'acid mantle' preservation when factors including plain water may contribute to the same. Thus, an ideal product is almost impossible to define. So, look well beyond pH alone.
Question: According to the passage, the pH value of human skin is generally:
Option 1: between 7 and 14
Option 2: 5.5
Option 3: between 0 and 7
Option 4: between 4 and 7
Correct Answer: between 4 and 7
Solution : The correct choice is the fourth option.
Explanation: According to the passage, the pH value of human skin is generally in a range between 4.0 and 7.0, depending on various factors like body parts, age, genetics, ethnicity, and environmental conditions.
Therefore, the correct answer is, between 4 and 7.
Question : Which of the following is not a feature of money?
Option 1: Convenient unit of account
Option 2: Perishable
Option 3: General acceptability
Option 4: Liquid asset
Correct Answer: Perishable
Solution : The correct option is Perishable.
Money does not have the quality of perishability. The widespread consensus is that money is durable, meaning it doesn't rot, corrode, or expire and doesn't lose value over time. Certain products or commodities that have a short shelf life and are susceptible to deterioration over time are said to be perishable. As a long-term store of value, money, on the other hand, is intended to be a reliable and durable means of trade.
Question : Directions: Select the related cluster of letters from the given alternatives. CURTAIN : XFIGZRM :: DESIGNER : ?
Option 1: WVHRTMVI
Option 2: WVHSTMVI
Option 3: WVHSTOVI
Option 4: WUHRTMUI
Correct Answer: WVHRTMVI
Solution : Given: CURTAIN : XFIGZRM :: DESIGNER : ?
Opposite letter pairs of CURTAIN –
So, CURTAIN is related to XFIGZRM.
Similarly, follow the same pattern for DESIGNER –
So, DESIGNER is related to WVHRTMVI.
Hence, the first option is correct.
Question : Sentences of a paragraph are given below. While the first and the last sentences (S1 and S6) are in the correct order, the sentences in between are jumbled up. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
S1. A library is a systematic and organised collection of informational resources. A. These resources are made accessible to a defined community for their reference or borrowing. B. It provides physical or digital access to the users. C. They facilitate group study and collaboration. D. A library's collection includes books, periodicals, newspapers, etc. S6. Libraries range in size from few shelves to several items.
Option 1: ACDB
Option 2: ACBD
Option 3: ABDC
Option 4: ABCD
Correct Answer: ABCD
Solution : The fourth option is correct.
The paragraph starts with S1, which introduces the main topic, which is a library and its characteristics. It is followed by sentence A, which elaborates on the purpose of a library, followed by sentence B, which expands on how a library provides access, mentioning both physical and digital means. It is then followed by sentence C, which introduces another aspect of what libraries offer, followed by sentence D, which provides details of the types of resources included in a library's collection, giving more specifics about what users can find. The final sentence, S6, provides additional information about the diversity of libraries, mentioning their varying sizes.
Question : Directions: In the following question, some parts of the sentence have errors, and some are correct. Find out which part of the sentence has an error. The number of that part is the answer. If a sentence is error-free, your answer is "No Error."
He acted not (1) / as per my advice (2) / but somebody else. (3) / No Error (4)
Option 1: (1)
Option 2: (2)
Option 3: (3)
Option 4: (4)
Correct Answer: (3)
Solution : The error lies in the third part of the sentence "but somebody else".
The adverb "else" should be replaced with "else's". The possessive "else's" should be used to indicate that the advice belonged to somebody else. Without the apostrophe, the sentence does not convey the intended meaning.
Therefore, the correct sentence is, "He acted not as per my advice but somebody else's".
Question : Which Mughal ruler transferred the capital of the Mughal empire from Agra to Delhi permanently?
Option 1: Humayun
Option 2: Aurangzeb
Option 3: Babur
Option 4: Shah Jahan
Correct Answer: Shah Jahan
Solution : The correct option is Shah Jahan
Babur founded the Mughal empire in 1526. Initially, Agra served as the capital of the empire until 1648. Shah Jahan shifted it to Shahjahanabad, later named Delhi. The main reason for the transfer was the narrow streets of Agra, which made large processions and celebrations difficult. Fatehpur Sikri also served as the capital of the Mughal empire for a brief period during the rule of Akbar.
Question : Comprehension: Read the following passage and answer the questions. As I turned to the main road, my smartphone rang. I looked at the car's dashboard display for a fraction of a second to see the caller's name while I reflexively whirled the wheel around the street corner. The brief lapse in concentration was enough to miss a biker. Fortunately, both of us stopped at the right time but he ranted expletives at my family, particularly the women. Undeterred, I opened the window, smiled at him and said, "I am sorry." He immediately paused, and then just advised me kindly to look on all sides of the road while driving.
That is the power of the unique and wonderful act called smile. It can break barriers and bridge chasms. The power of the smile is often underestimated by us. Despite being the only species with this graceful expression, humans do not comprehend the myriad strengths of a smile and often forget to use it.
Just like the innumerable gifts of nature which we have taken for granted, I had missed the influence of a smile in my early years. The awakening occurred in my early twenties when I worked as a junior doctor in a hospital. We, a group of doctors, were having coffee together, one of the senior doctors told me, "You seemed to have missed an important developmental milestone."
Developmental milestone refers to various social, motor and vocal skills which a child acquires at each period of its development in infancy and childhood such as rolling over, standing and speaking. To my despair, he declared, "You haven't got your social smile yet." While I considered myself a pleasant person, his harsh comment rather irked me.
At three to four months of age, a growing child starts recognising familiar faces and in an attempt to interact with them, it expresses the social smile. It is typically towards the parents, grandparents and siblings initially, and then slowly extends towards other familiar faces. It is nature's evolutionary attempt to increase the bonding between humans. It is a way of expression to pronounce one's affability. But somewhere during our growth and interaction with society, we have been taught directly or indirectly that strangers are not to be smiled at. After long days of introspection, I made it a point to reclaim my lost milestone.
Question: There was a possibility of an accident occurring because:
Option 1: the writer was a careless driver
Option 2: the writer's attention was diverted for a brief moment
Option 3: both the writer and the biker were careless drivers
Option 4: the biker was riding rashly
Correct Answer: the writer's attention was diverted for a brief moment
Solution : The second option is the correct answer.
The possibility of an accident occurring was because the writer's attention was diverted for a brief moment. The passage mentions that as the writer turned to the main road, their smartphone rang, leading to a momentary lapse in concentration as they looked at the car's dashboard display to see the caller's name. During this brief distraction, they missed a biker on the road.
Therefore, the correct answer is: "The writer's attention was diverted for a brief moment."
Question : Directions: A + B means A is the brother of B. A – B means A is the mother of B. A × B means A is the husband of B. A ÷ B means A is the sister of B. If C ÷ M – S + K – T × Q, then which of the following statements is NOT correct?
Option 1: K is the mother-in-law of Q
Option 2: S is the maternal uncle of T
Option 3: S is the father of Q
Option 4: M is the mother of K
Correct Answer: S is the father of Q
Solution : Given: A + B⇒A is the brother of B. A – B⇒A is the mother of B. A × B⇒A is the husband of B. A ÷ B⇒A is the sister of B. C ÷ M – S + K – T × Q
As per the given information family tree will be as follows –
Here, the quadrilateral represents the male and the circular figure represents the female in the figure.
So, S is the father of Q is not the correct statement. Hence, the third option is correct.
Question : Comprehension: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each number. In winter, when the snow (1)______ the higher ranges, the Himalayan bears come to (2)______ altitudes in search of food. Sometimes they forage (3)_______ the fields and because they are short-sighted and (4)______ of anything that moves, they can be (5)______. But, like most wild animals, they (6)_______ humans as much as possible. Village folk (7)______ advise me to run downhill if (8)______ by a bear. They say bears find it easier to run uphill (9)______ down. I am glad that I am (10)______ to be chased by a bear and will happily skip the experience. Question: Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank No. 5.
Option 1: pleasing
Option 2: harmless
Option 3: dangerous
Option 4: agreeable
Correct Answer: dangerous
Solution : The third option is the correct answer.
The context suggests that because the Himalayan bears are short-sighted and wary of anything that moves, they can be dangerous. The word, dangerous conveys the idea that their behaviour poses a potential threat or risk to those around them, making it a suitable choice in this context.
Therefore, the correct answer is dangerous.
Question : Which of the following sportsmen was nicknamed the "pocket dynamo"?
Option 1: Sushil Kumar
Option 2: Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav
Option 3: Limba Ram
Option 4: Dhyan Chand
Correct Answer: Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav
Solution : The correct answer is Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav.
Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav, fondly known as the "pocket dynamo", holds the distinction of being the first independent Indian athlete to secure an individual Olympic medal. Born in 1926 in Maharashtra's Goleshwar village to a wrestling family, Jadhav initially excelled in swimming. Guided by his father, he transitioned to wrestling, achieving success at school, state and national levels. His notable journey culminated in the 1948 London Olympics, where he secured a commendable sixth place despite being unfamiliar with international rules and formats.
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