Question : Comprehension:

Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

Wetlands are amongst the most productive ecosystems on the Earth and provide many important services to human society. They exhibit enormous diversity according to their genesis, geographical location, water regime and chemistry, dominant species, and soil and sediment characteristics. Globally, the area extent of wetland ecosystems ranges from 917 million hectares (m ha) to more than 1275 m ha. One of the first widely used wetland classification systems, devised by Cowardin et al., 1979, categorised wetlands into marine (coastal wetlands), estuarine (including deltas, tidal marshes, and mangrove swamps), lacustrine (lakes), riverine (along rivers and streams), and palustrine ( marshes, swamps and bogs) based on their hydrological, ecological and geological characteristics.The 

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands was an international treaty signed in 1971. Overall, 1052 sites in Europe; 289 sites in Asia; 359 sites in Africa; 175 sites in South America; 211 sites in North America; and 79 sites in the Oceania region have been identified as Ramsar sites or wetlands of International importance. As per the Ramsar Convention definition most of the natural water bodies (such as rivers, lakes, coastal lagoons, mangroves, peat land, coral reefs) and man-made wetlands (such as ponds, farm ponds, irrigated fields, sacred groves, salt pans, reservoirs, gravel pits, sewage farms and canals) in India constitute the wetland ecosystem distributed in different geographical regions ranging from Himalayas to Deccan plateau. As of February 2022, India has 49 Ramsar sites covering an area of 10,93,636 hectares, the highest in South Asia. As per the estimates, India has about 757.06 thousand wetlands with a total wetland area of 15.3 m ha, accounting for nearly 4.7% of the total geographical area of the country. Out of this, areas under inland wetlands account for 69%, coastal wetlands 27%, and other wetlands (smaller than 2.25 ha) 4%. Gujarat has the highest proportion (17.5%) and Mizoram has the lowest proportion (0.66%) of the area under wetlands. Among Union Territories, Lakshadweep has the highest proportion (around 96%) and Chandigarh has the lowest proportion (3%) of the geographical area under wetlands.

Question:

In India, what kind of wetlands occupy the largest area?

Option 1: coastal wetlands

Option 2: mangrove swamps

Option 3: inland wetlands

Option 4: small wetlands

Question : Comprehension:

Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

Wetlands are amongst the most productive ecosystems on the Earth and provide many important services to human society. They exhibit enormous diversity according to their genesis, geographical location, water regime and chemistry, dominant species, and soil and sediment characteristics. Globally, the area extent of wetland ecosystems ranges from 917 million hectares (m ha) to more than 1275 m ha. One of the first widely used wetland classification systems, devised by Cowardin et al., 1979, categorised wetlands into marine (coastal wetlands), estuarine (including deltas, tidal marshes, and mangrove swamps), lacustrine (lakes), riverine (along rivers and streams), and palustrine ( marshes, swamps and bogs) based on their hydrological, ecological and geological characteristics.The 

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands was an international treaty signed in 1971. Overall, 1052 sites in Europe; 289 sites in Asia; 359 sites in Africa; 175 sites in South America; 211 sites in North America; and 79 sites in the Oceania region have been identified as Ramsar sites or wetlands of International importance. As per the Ramsar Convention definition most of the natural water bodies (such as rivers, lakes, coastal lagoons, mangroves, peat land, coral reefs) and man-made wetlands (such as ponds, farm ponds, irrigated fields, sacred groves, salt pans, reservoirs, gravel pits, sewage farms and canals) in India constitute the wetland ecosystem distributed in different geographical regions ranging from Himalayas to Deccan plateau. As of February 2022, India has 49 Ramsar sites covering an area of 10,93,636 hectares, the highest in South Asia. As per the estimates, India has about 757.06 thousand wetlands with a total wetland area of 15.3 m ha, accounting for nearly 4.7% of the total geographical area of the country. Out of this, areas under inland wetlands account for 69%, coastal wetlands 27%, and other wetlands (smaller than 2.25 ha) 4%. Gujarat has the highest proportion (17.5%) and Mizoram has the lowest proportion (0.66%) of the area under wetlands. Among Union Territories, Lakshadweep has the highest proportion (around 96%) and Chandigarh has the lowest proportion (3%) of the geographical area under wetlands.

Question:

Which of the following questions cannot be answered after reading the above passage?

Option 1: How many Ramsar sites are there in the world?

Option 2: What is the classification of wetlands?

Option 3: Why are wetlands important for human societies?

Option 4: How much area is covered by wetlands In India?

Question : Comprehension:

Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

Wetlands are amongst the most productive ecosystems on the Earth and provide many important services to human society. They exhibit enormous diversity according to their genesis, geographical location, water regime and chemistry, dominant species, and soil and sediment characteristics. Globally, the area extent of wetland ecosystems ranges from 917 million hectares (m ha) to more than 1275 m ha. One of the first widely used wetland classification systems, devised by Cowardin et al., 1979, categorised wetlands into marine (coastal wetlands), estuarine (including deltas, tidal marshes, and mangrove swamps), lacustrine (lakes), riverine (along rivers and streams), and palustrine ( marshes, swamps and bogs) based on their hydrological, ecological and geological characteristics.The 

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands was an international treaty signed in 1971. Overall, 1052 sites in Europe; 289 sites in Asia; 359 sites in Africa; 175 sites in South America; 211 sites in North America; and 79 sites in the Oceania region have been identified as Ramsar sites or wetlands of International importance. As per the Ramsar Convention definition most of the natural water bodies (such as rivers, lakes, coastal lagoons, mangroves, peat land, coral reefs) and man-made wetlands (such as ponds, farm ponds, irrigated fields, sacred groves, salt pans, reservoirs, gravel pits, sewage farms and canals) in India constitute the wetland ecosystem distributed in different geographical regions ranging from Himalayas to Deccan plateau. As of February 2022, India has 49 Ramsar sites covering an area of 10,93,636 hectares, the highest in South Asia. As per the estimates, India has about 757.06 thousand wetlands with a total wetland area of 15.3 m ha, accounting for nearly 4.7% of the total geographical area of the country. Out of this, areas under inland wetlands account for 69%, coastal wetlands 27%, and other wetlands (smaller than 2.25 ha) 4%. Gujarat has the highest proportion (17.5%) and Mizoram has the lowest proportion (0.66%) of the area under wetlands. Among Union Territories, Lakshadweep has the highest proportion (around 96%) and Chandigarh has the lowest proportion (3%) of the geographical area under wetlands.

Question:

Match the continents with the number of Ramsar sites.
continents no. of Ramsar sites
a. North America 1. 1052 sites
b. Europe 2. 211sites
c. Africa 3. 289 sites
d. Asia 4. 359 sites

Option 1: a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3

Option 2: a-2, b- 3, c-4, d-1

Option 3: a -4, b -1, c-2, d-3

Option 4: a-3,b-4,c-1,d-2

Question : Comprehension:
Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

The total area sown under Rabi crops has increased by 3.25%, from 697.98 lakh hectares in 2021–22 to 720.68 lakh hectares in 2022–23. This is 22.71 lakh hectares more this year compared to the corresponding period of 2021–22. Comparing with the normal sown area (average of the last five years), the increase is to the tune of 13.71%, from 633.80 to 720.68 lakh hectares. The increase in area is across all crops, the highest being rice. Out of the 22.71 lakh hectare increase in all Rabi crops, the increase in rice area is 11.20 lakh hectares, up from 35.05 lakh hectares in 2021–22 to 46.25 lakh hectares in 2022–23. However, this is lower than the normal sown area of 47.71 lakh hectares. The maximum increase in area under rice is in the states of Telangana and West Bengal.
Area under oilseeds increased by 7.31% from 102.36 lakh hectares during 2021–22 to 109.84 lakh hectares this year. The increase in area under oilseeds at the rate of 7.31% is more than double the rate of increase of 3.25% in all crops together. Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh accounted for major expansion in the area of oilseeds.
Rapeseed and mustard contributed the maximum in increasing oilseed area during this Rabi season. Mustard area increased by 6.77 lakh hectares from 91.25 lakh hectares in 2021–22 to 98.02 lakh hectares in 2022–23. Thus, out of the 7.49 lakh hectares increase in area under oilseeds, rapeseed and mustard alone accounted for 6.44 lakh hectares.
Pulse production is being focused on making the country self-sufficient in these commodities. The area under pulses increased by 0.56 lakh hectares from 167.31 to 167.86 lakh hectares. Mung beans and lentils accounted for the increase in the area under pulses.
The United Nations General Assembly has declared the year 2023 as the International Year of Millets, and India is at the forefront of celebrating the event in a big way. In order to create awareness about the benefits of millet as a superfood and to meet its growing demand around the world, the government is promoting millet production through the NFSM-Nutri Cereals component of the National Food Security Mission programme in 212 districts in 14 states. Coarse cum nutri-cereals saw an increase of 2.08 lakh hectares in area under cultivation from 51.42 lakh hectares in 2021–22 to 53.49 lakh hectares in 2022–23.
Question:
Match the following crops with the area:
Crop area in 2022-23
a. millets 1. 98.02 lakh hectares
b. pulses 2. 53.49 lakh hectares
c. mustard 3.167.86 lakh hectares

Option 1: a-1, b- 3, c-2

Option 2: a -3, b -1, c-2

Option 3: a-2, b-1, c-3

Option 4: a-2, b-3, c-1

Question : Comprehension:
Read the following passage and answer the questions given after it.

The total area sown under Rabi crops has increased by 3.25%, from 697.98 lakh hectares in 2021–22 to 720.68 lakh hectares in 2022–23. This is 22.71 lakh hectares more this year compared to the corresponding period of 2021–22. Comparing with the normal sown area (average of the last five years), the increase is to the tune of 13.71%, from 633.80 to 720.68 lakh hectares. The increase in area is across all crops, the highest being rice. Out of the 22.71 lakh hectare increase in all Rabi crops, the increase in rice area is 11.20 lakh hectares, up from 35.05 lakh hectares in 2021–22 to 46.25 lakh hectares in 2022–23. However, this is lower than the normal sown area of 47.71 lakh hectares. The maximum increase in area under rice is in the states of Telangana and West Bengal.
Area under oilseeds increased by 7.31% from 102.36 lakh hectares during 2021–22 to 109.84 lakh hectares this year. The increase in area under oilseeds at the rate of 7.31% is more than double the rate of increase of 3.25% in all crops together. Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh accounted for major expansion in the area of oilseeds.
Rapeseed and mustard contributed the maximum in increasing oilseed area during this Rabi season. Mustard area increased by 6.77 lakh hectares from 91.25 lakh hectares in 2021–22 to 98.02 lakh hectares in 2022–23. Thus, out of the 7.49 lakh hectares increase in area under oilseeds, rapeseed and mustard alone accounted for 6.44 lakh hectares.
Pulse production is being focused on making the country self-sufficient in these commodities. The area under pulses increased by 0.56 lakh hectares from 167.31 to 167.86 lakh hectares. Mung beans and lentils accounted for the increase in the area under pulses.
The United Nations General Assembly has declared the year 2023 as the International Year of Millets, and India is at the forefront of celebrating the event in a big way. In order to create awareness about the benefits of millets as a superfood and to meet its growing demand around the world, the government is promoting millet production through the NFSM-Nutri Cereals component of the National Food Security Mission programme in 212 districts in 14 states. Coarse cum nutri-cereals saw an increase of 2.08 lakh hectares in area under cultivation from 51.42 lakh hectares in 2021–22 to 53.49 lakh hectares in 2022–23.
Question:
Which state recorded the maximum increase in sown area of the rice crop?

Option 1: Chhattisgarh

Option 2: Telangana

Option 3: Rajasthan

Option 4: Madhya Pradesh